Computer Evolution and Performance thuộc Chapter 2 của Bài giảng Computer Organization and Architecture sẽ giới thiệu tới các bạn Stored Program concept Main memory storing programs and data; ALU operating on binary data; Control unit interpreting instructions from memory and executing; Input and output equipment operated by control unit;...
Trang 2Charles Babbage (1791-1871)
Construction of a machine called “Difference Engine.”
Trang 5Vacuum tubes
Trang 6ENIAC
Trang 7• Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies
—IAS
• Completed 1952
Trang 8von Neumann
Von Neumann with the first Institute computer
Trang 9Alan Turing
Trang 10Structure of von Neumann machine
Trang 12Structure of IAS – detail
Trang 13EDVAC
Trang 15UNIVAC I
Trang 16UNIVAC II
Trang 18IBM 701
Trang 20Transistor Based Computers
• Second generation machines
• NCR & RCA produced small transistor machines
• IBM 7000
• DEC 1957
—Produced PDP1
Trang 21IBM 7030 (1961)
Trang 22DEC PDP-1 (1960)
Estimated cost=$120,000
Trang 23• Literally “small electronics”
• A computer is made up of gates, memory cells and interconnections
• These can be manufactured on a semiconductor
• e.g. silicon wafer
Trang 26Growth in CPU Transistor Count
Trang 28IBM 360 Family
Trang 30DEC - PDP-8 Bus Structure
OMNIBUS
Console
Controller CPU
Main Memory I/O
Module I/OModule
Trang 31PDP-11 (1973)
Trang 32VAX-11 (1981)
Trang 33Micro VAX
Trang 37Performance Mismatch
• Processor speed increased
• Memory capacity increased
• Memory speed lags behind processor speed
Trang 38DRAM and Processor Characteristics
Trang 39Trends in DRAM use
Trang 44INTEL 4004
Trang 46INTEL 8080
Trang 47INTEL 80286
Trang 50Pentium
Trang 51More Pentium
Pro
III
IV
Trang 52Itanium