Chapter 4a presents the following content: History of alcohol use, the character of alcohol, alcohol: is it a nutrient? alcohol and its sources, alcohol absorption, alcohol in the body, when alcohol becomes a problem, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, alcoholics and malnutrition, does alcohol have benefits?
Trang 1Spotlight on
Alcohol
Trang 2The Character of Alcohol
• Ethanol
– The alcohol in beer, wine, spirits
• Methanol
– Wood alcohol—poisonous
Trang 5Alcohol and Its Sources
Trang 9Alcohol in the Body
• Metabolizing small amounts of alcohol
– Alcohol dehydrogenase
• Alcohol acetaldehyde– Aldehyde dehydrogenase
• Acetaldehyde acetate– Acetaldehyde, acetate converted to acetyl CoA
• Acetyl CoA molecules built into fatty acids
Trang 10Alcohol in the Body
• Metabolizing large amounts of alcohol
– Overwhelms alcohol dehydrogenase
system
– Uses microsomal ethanol-oxidizing system (MEOS)
Trang 11Alcohol in the Body
Trang 12Alcohol in the Body
• Individual differences in rate
of alcohol metabolism
– Gender– Race/ethnicity– Age
Trang 13When Alcohol Becomes a
Problem
• Alcohol in the brain and nervous system
– Depressant; affects all parts of brain
• Alcohol’s effect on GI system
– Esophagitis and gastritis
Trang 15When Alcohol Becomes a
Trang 16Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
• Can have a devastating impact when consumed during pregnancy
• Variety of congenital defects:
Trang 18Alcoholics and Malnutrition
Trang 19Alcoholics and Malnutrition
– Inadequate diet; fluid losses
– Calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc– Some mineral levels are elevated
Trang 20Alcoholics and Malnutrition
Trang 21Does Alcohol Have Benefits?
• Moderate drinking has been associated with reduced mortality
• Heart disease
– French paradox: red wine
Trang 23Does Alcohol Have Benefits?
• People who should not consume alcohol:
– Those who cannot moderate their intake– Children and adolescents
– Those taking certain medications
– Those with illnesses worsened by alcohol– Those who drive or operate machinery
– Pregnant or breastfeeding women
– Those with a strong family history of
alcoholism