Based on confirming the role and significance of the problem of capacity development study for students in teaching history, focused on identifying the subject content, the system of evaluation criteria to be autonomous history of students in secondary schools and propose measures to develop teachers'' capacity to teach self-study in school history in high school.
Trang 11. Urgency of problem
1. One of the most important tasks of our country to achieve its goal of becoming industrialized, modern and international integration in 2020 is to develop human resources. Education Development Strategy 2011 2020 period:
“Continuing to innovate teaching methods and assessment of learning outcomes, training towards promoting a positive, selfdiscipline, initiative, creativity and selflearning ability of students”. Request of innovation is to use teaching method promote positive, selfdiscipline, initiative and retraining self learning method of pupil The selflearning, selftraining increasingly important role for education in general and the need to master the knowledge of each individual in particular. Finding effective measures to organize effective selfstudy activities to equip students to be autonomous are urgent needs and strategic significance for the immediate interests of the sector and longterm education in particular and the country in general
2. Department of history in secondary schools to contribute to the implementation of educational objectives set out. To this history teaching in secondary schools to implement innovative teaching methods for students to develop the ability to learn, in particular to selflearning capabilities to enhance history teaching quality of Departement The development of selflearning ability in general, selflearning ability in particular history has an important role
in teaching in secondary schools
3. Status of history teaching in schools, the development of selflearning capabilities for student history is limited as: Textbook program still heavily academic, teaching methods have not yet been positively promote student learning, academic inertia is huge student. To the students, most students have not seriously study the history, unknown uses selflearning methods and effective way to acquire scientific knowledge
Stemming from the above reasons we chose the issue: "Developing selflearning capability for students in teaching history in secondary schools " to do research of doctoral thesis
2. Object and scope of the study
* The object of this project is to study the process of selflearning
capacity development history and pedagogical measures aimed at developing the capacity study history for students in high school
* The scope of the study of the subject is limited
The content in subjects like history: apply empirical thesis on the history
of the 10 grade program ( standard program )
Trang 2 Regarding the form of teaching: The thesis focuses on developing research capacity study history for high school students in curricular activities both in class and at home.
Regarding the investigation of the status and pedagogical experiment:
we shall select some secondary schools to investigate, study and pedagogical experiment in the North, Central and South. The secondary schools selected are both urban and rural areas and mountainous areas in order to ensure objectivity
to study the issue. Like this:
+ Study on the status of capacity development study history for high school students in some provinces: Phu Tho, Hanoi, Bac Ninh, Thai Nguyen, Thai Binh, Nghe An, Hue, Ninh Thuan, Lam Dong, Can Tho, Dong Thap, Vinh Long
+ The pedagogic practice: pedagogical experiment conducted in some schools in some provices: Lang Son, Phu Tho, Hanoi, Hue, Lam Dong, Can Tho, Vinh Long
3. Aim and research tasks
3.1.The aim
Based on confirming the role and significance of the problem of capacity development study for students in teaching history, focused on identifying the subject content, the system of evaluation criteria to be autonomous history of students in secondary schools and propose measures to develop teachers' capacity to teach selfstudy in school history in high school
3.2. The task of the thesis
To achieve this goal, the thesis addressing the following specific tasks:
Learn the theory of selflearning ability in general and selflearning capabilities particular history
Survey reality of history teaching and learning in secondary schools general problem of capacity development in particular study history to base the implementation of measures to develop selflearning capability subjects calendar used for students in secondary schools
4.2. Research methods
Trang 3 Read, analyze, summarize and generalize the materials of classical authors, the document Education, Psychology and methods of teaching history
of formation and development of professional learning capability calendar general use particular study
Investigations practice, through sociological survey among teachers and students in secondary schools
Experimental pedagogy
Use statistical mathematics to handle pedagogical experimental results
5. Hypothesis
Today if applying measures of capacity development study for teaching students in history according to the requirements that the proposed thesis will contribute to improving the effectiveness of teaching history in schools information
6. Contribution of Thesis
The thesis is completed will have the following contributions:
Determine the correct understanding of the problem and study clearly confirmed the significant role of capacity development study history to students
in secondary schools
Determine the ability of self learning content and history of evaluation criteria
Propose measures to develop teachers' capacity for selfstudy student in the history of the subject teaching in secondary schools
Chapter 4: Pedagogical Experimental totality
Trang 51.2. Research of Vietnamese authors
Overall, the article refers to many different aspects of selfstudy issues such as the meaning of selfstudy, measures to enhance selflearning ability
of high school students, the role of teachers in to arouse and promote innovative selflearning ability of students in the teaching process In scientific papers and theses, the authors summarize the general theory of matter and energy self study learning, which make system capacity development measures for student selfstudy. This is a valuable resource for research oriented capacity development issues for students study in history teaching in secondary schools of us
1.3 The issues of vietnamese and foreign authors was resolved
Reviewing the research on selflearning and some issues surrounding selflearning capability and training capacity study has addressed the following issues:
Selflearning has an important role in the cause of education and training in general, for the development of each individual in particular should attract the attention of many researchers and scientists
The issue of selflearning theory has been studied quite comprehensive, including many selftaught concepts of unity such as the nature, role and the basic study skills
The concept of selflearning capabilities have been a number of authors make
With regard to the ability of selflearning exercise which the authors are proposing measures to exercise habits, skills, and selflearning ability in each subject, form, various teaching activities
The above findings are the basis for theoretical and researchoriented capacity development issues for students study in history teaching in secondary schools
Trang 6is actively fulfilling the goals and tasks of learning personal nuances. Therefore, the study success also depends on the characteristics of awareness and effort, the effort of each person.
Historical study is student active in acquiring new knowledge, review past knowledge and explore, discover new knowledge for themselves. This is the basic operation to bring success to the process of teaching learning and contribute to history learning interesting for students
2.1.1.2. Capacity and capacity study
+ Capacity: Based on the opinion of many authors given above we define competence as follows: Capacity is the ability to successfully operate in
a certain context through the general mobilization of knowledge, skills and personal attributes, such as excitement, faith, willpower the capacity of individuals to be evaluated through the methods and possibilities of the individual activities in resolving the problems of life
+ Capacity study: As we study capacity is the ability to define a learning task voluntarily and proactively; set learning objectives to require the efforts of implementation; implementation of effective learning methods; adjust the flaws and limitations of themselves while performing the task of learning through selfassessment or write comments of teachers and friends; actively seek help when experiencing difficulties in learning
+ Self study in History:Aggregating content typical nature and suitable for their particular research and the history department at the high school in general to set up the contents of selflearning capability for learning history students in secondary schools include: knowledge about selflearning method in the history; group historic study skills; attitude, ethics, quality passion,
Trang 7willpower and determination in learning These factors are incorporated together in a unified whole and with the interactions that make sustainability of selflearning ability in general history.
2.1.3. Factors affecting developing selflearning ability of students History 2.1.3.1. The objective of the discipline
Capacity Development study history to students in secondary schools need to keep abreast of Education goals and objectives of the course. Educational Goals of the Party and State are: Help students to consolidate and develop the results of lower secondary education and complete general education and common understanding of the technical and instruction now, there are conditions to develop individual capacity to choose the direction of development, continue to university, college, secondary, vocational or labor come to life. Objective historical subjects specified general education objectives must achieve three goals on knowledge, skills and attitudes
2.1.3.2. The content of the subject
Due to the knowledge of the history of high school programs are the events, phenomena taking place in the course of history so identifiable past, only occur during certain time and space, not repeat again, we can not restore
or redo the laboratory as the other subjects. Science history is one of the social sciences and humanities, research on specific historical process of each country, each country so that knowledge is characterized by a very long and highly present
2.1.3.3. Features of psychological, historical awareness of high school students
At this age they have also formed the excitement of learning associated with career trends. this is the basis for conducting development and cultivation
of basic competencies of individuals, including the selflearning capacity
2.1.3.4. Organization of Teachers guide
Trang 8Have students study history effectively, teachers need to identify selflearning method associated with learning content, means, methods and objectives of teaching. No one method or technique that can promote effective selfstudy of students if it is only done separately, teachers need to incorporate these methods and techniques suitable guide featuring content historical knowledge and qualifications of students, school conditions and the capacity of teachers and students
2.1.3.5. The inspection evaluation
To develop selflearning ability in teaching students history, teacher evaluation should focus on the academic achievement of students in a learning process, not only to reconstruct the knowledge that needs attention the ability to apply knowledge in solving a certain learning tasks
2.1.3.6 Characteristics of History in schools that affect selfstudy activities of students
Current practice shows that the characteristics of the history department at the high school and create more favorable conditions for the development of selflearning ability for students. Department of history in secondary schools have an important role to equip students with the basic knowledge and systematically about national history and world
2.1.4 The role and significance of the study of capacity development for students in teaching history in secondary schools
Firstly, this is an indispensable activity in teaching. Modern didactics points out that the essence of learning is selflearning, so learning is the process
of selfstudy training
Second, capacity development study for students in teaching history in secondary schools contribute actively to renew teaching methods
Third, develop selflearning capability for students in teaching history in secondary schools is done aim to train people in the new era
With such an important role in capacity development study for history students in teaching history in secondary schools have enormous significance for the students on three aspects: knowledge, skills and attitude
2.2. Practical basis
The survey, the survey was conducted in schools in 12 provinces: Thai Nguyen, Lang Son, Phu Tho, Hanoi, Thai Binh, Vinh, Hue, Ninh Thuan and Lam Dong and Can Tho, Vinh Long. Contents of the survey, the survey focused
on the basics: The nature of the study; The role of selflearning capability formation for students; historical level study of current students; Capacity assessment of student selfstudy; dohoc of students study history; what factors influence the development of selflearning ability of students; how often they
Trang 9exercise selflearning capabilities for students Investigation survey also focused on finding out the measures that the teacher has used to develop selflearning capabilities for student history including measures to help students master the knowledge of selflearning method; measures to help students practice the knowledge of selfstudy method of selflearning skills; To make the engine and determine the purpose of study for students with what measures? are the difficulties that teachers often face when developing selflearning capabilities for students.
2.2.1. The result of survey
2.2.2. The cause of the current situation
From the results of the investigation, the above condition survey we learned some of the causes of the current situation exists history teaching and learning in general and the status of the selflearning capacity development history for students in upper secondary school are as follows:
First, starting the course teachers are not oriented to students about learning methods
Second, in the process of teaching teachers were too focused on teaching knowledge which does not focus on teaching and learning methods student study guide
Third, although aware of the critical role of capacity development study for students in teaching history in secondary schools but the teacher has not paid due attention to the creation of the engine, learning attitude for students
Besides, from the negative effects of the market economy as well as for quality teaching and learning of history in general, the study of students in particular have a negative impact
Fifth, training programs at many universities are still heavily pedagogical academy, not a proper investment for the capacity to train vocational students, especially selflearning ability of student teachers limited
2.2.3. The issues raised need to be addressed
In the framework of the thesis we give a number of issues need to improve their impact on selflearning capability for high school students as follows:
Firstly, in terms of time, most students do not promote selflearning capabilities by trying to learn to selfstudy time should match the duration of the course information. Second, psychological factors may influence within the results of student selfstudy That demand, engines and positive learning attitudes of students. Third, the learning method, besides the formation of the correct motor learning, students also need to train your skills study system In developing capacity measures historical study for high school students Our School will focus on guiding the learning part will help resolve this issue
Trang 10 Implementation measures and organizational forms to suit the subject and the ability of students
Applying flexible and diverse measures of capacity development for student selfstudy
Measures should be conducted regularly and continuously. Must check regularly evaluate the capacity of students to study
3.3 Some measures to develop selflearning capacity of students in teaching history in secondary schools
3.3.1. Create selflearning engine History
3.3.1.1. Instruct students to determine the purpose of study
Instruct students to identify the purpose of study. This work is usually done right from the start in grade school, or curriculum. In the first article of each course the teacher should introduce students to understand the position and significance of the subject, its importance, basic historical content will be studied, methodological requirements collective discipline. In the discipline of learning methods teachers should emphasize capacity development issues for student selfstudy Since then helps them determine the overall learning purposes, in particular study and understanding to achieve the aim must be motivated, learn the proper attitude
3.3.1.2. Generate interest in learning for students History
According IFKharalamop, excitement was tinged colors demands precedes emotional phase caused the engine and make the operation of man is attractive During teaching teachers inspire student learning through the following measures:
+ Content or history lessons and carry elements discoveries. Understand a simple way is the teacher creates compelling factor in history lessons
+ To promote the strength of teacher verbal history through words of
Trang 11+ Out of exercises stimulate students researching Teachers can also create situations that matter, give rise to new needs should explore specific object that if it fails you will feel uncomfortable
+ Using music in teaching history. Music is a form of expression of art works evoke emotions and excitement is very effective, the music we mention here mainly revolutionary songs
3.3.2.1. Self employed with history textbook
Equip students with the knowledge on the use of textbooks can help students determine the content of knowledge is difficult, puzzling. From the questions which students can communicate with friends, with teachers. Through the process of searching, the student will be answered deeply understand issues and be able to remember for a long time
3.3.2.2 Self employed with reference under the guidance of teacher
This work needs doing: the teacher mentioned exercises, introduce students to specify policies and programs, to study entry; Research students mix with the textbook for homework. When conducting student reading Notes: Own notes when reading (title, author ), time to read; the main contents of the book
in outline form; the question interested and satisfied; Thoughts and record problems that need to draw after reading
Trang 12As a student in the classroom, students must apply many operations as lectures, notes, thoughts, answer questions So, during their lectures to that selective knowledge to record under the understanding of ourselves
3.3.2.6. Using the intuitive use of traditional and modern
Due to the history of education is not directly observable, so using visual gear to exploit the content knowledge is very important. Using the intuitive use
is prop to a deep understanding of the nature of historical facts, are effective means in the formation of historical concepts; Besides, this approach also helps students remember carefully, understand the images, historical knowledge and develop abilities of observation, imagination and thinking language students
3.3.2.7. Knowing detect problems and solve problems
Self discovery in this matter are the questions, the question wanted to learn more problem they arise in the learning process. Self discovery issues and solve problems as effective learning tools. It helps students remember long, deep understanding of knowledge, spirit of overcoming difficulties and positive development in the labor of their learning
3.3.2.8. Self review, consolidate knowledge
Review and revision self taught knowledge in general, in particular history teaching role, great significance. It is an important stage in the process
of teaching history and the dialectical relationship with other stages. Review and strengthen also the preparation for the examination and evaluation
3.3.2.9. Knowing presenting problem and history exam
To help students master methods of presenting problem and history exams, teachers must go through a process during the school year through a system of questions, exercises for each lesson. Especially when revising for exams or check one more semester. The essay assignments are appropriate choices for students to train for skilled presentation and history exams
3.3.2.10. Self examination, assessment of learning history
Self check, evaluation is an integral part of inspection and evaluation. It really became " A golden key of education ". Selftest operation, evaluation of student work including: the students themselves to recreate the historical knowledge learned. Independence and recalled outline all learned. Get back, remembering, reliving the events, concepts, conclusions follow outline was formed. Self presentation or talk to you in outline was established
3.3.3. Instruct students to practice selflearning skills
Besides equipping students with knowledge on methods of study subjects,
to help students develop selflearning capabilities history teachers need to conduct training for student selflearning skills Dept. to turn the knowledge about selflearning method has mastered the skills to become selftaught.
Trang 133.3.3.1. Instruct students to practice in the classroom
The guide students to apply the knowledge of selflearning methods in the teaching process in the classroom, in our view should be conducted according
to the following measures:
3.3.3.1.1. Applying the problem of teaching stated:
Raised the issue of teaching style is a collection of specific teaching methods to organize awareness activities of the students in the formative path and solve problems. Applying these elements into a history lesson with the following tasks:
The first is the learning goals set before students study new post, this task
is usually performed by leading students in problem situations or to raise the issue mentioned exercises. Students will realize the task of learning through problem posed by the teacher, from which to mobilize knowledge, skills and abilities have the awareness to solve problems
The second is held for students solve problems, including tasks such as: teachers ask questions suggestive, outlined methods to receive information; Organization for HS exploit information through textbooks, furniture visual references or through other sources; Organization for student discussions, presentations
Thirdly is checking out awareness activities and homework oriented selfstudy activities for students
3.3.3.1.2. Applying project teaching
Project based learning has shown the relevance, effectiveness in allowing students to develop the existing potentials. The engine plays an important role
in the development of selflearning capabilities, many educators have shown that placing students in situations of selfdiscovery and sharing knowledge mining results, the problemsolving process as in project based learning is one
of the best ways to stimulate thinking and maintain motivation. Through the project, students are trained many skills: information extraction, search material selection, presentations, discussions, thinking, problem solving here is one of the necessary skills indispensable for fostering selflearning capabilities for today's students
3.3.3.1.3. Application of the method acting.
This is the method to help students think deeply about a problem by focusing on a specific task that they have performed or observed. The "link" is not a major part of this approach, but it is important that the discussion after the performance. When using the method plays in teaching history in secondary schools, a subject of special events, phenomena and historical figures would
Trang 143.3.3.2. Instruct students to practice at home
* Instruct students to work with the textbook at home before school
Classroom time is only 45 minutes wrapped in many activities, so that reading textbooks before school preparation in the classroom should be a mandatory requirement for a history lesson of high school students information. This is an independent act of thinking of ourselves intentionally and is active with practical significance for the many skills training aimed at forming and developing selflearning capabilities for student history Reading textbooks before school help students identify the basic content knowledge and identify the contents of what you need to understand when conducting lessons from it can outline your posts textbook
* Guide students to collect materials related to lessons
Data Collector is expanding knowledge of History Characteristics of knowledge is so much history stages, events, phenomena, historical figures, along with identification, evaluation comments on events, phenomena. While knowledge of the subject of History in secondary schools can not transmit all of the knowledge content of History
* Guide students through the system practiced homework:
One of the effective ways is to exercise and guiding students homework.
By completing homework than students master the method, how to assess the historical events and the formation and development of selflearning capacity