Chapter 8 - Valuation of inventories: A cost-basis approach. After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Identify major classifications of inventory, distinguish between perpetual and periodic inventory systems, identify the effects of inventory errors on the financial statements, understand the items to include as inventory cost, describe and compare the cost flow assumptions used to account for inventories.
Trang 2Intermediate Accounting IFRS 2nd Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
8
Trang 34 Understand the items to include as inventory cost.
5 Describe and compare the methods used to price inventories.
Trang 4Manufacturing Company
Trang 5Classification ILLUSTRATION 81
INVENTORY ISSUES
Trang 7ILLUSTRATION 82
Flow of Costs through Manufacturing and Merchandising Companies
INVENTORY ISSUES
Trang 84 Understand the items to include as inventory cost.
5 Describe and compare the methods used to price inventories.
Trang 9ILLUSTRATION 83
INVENTORY ISSUES
Trang 10LO 2
Trang 11Periodic System
Beginning inventory
$ 100,000Purchases, net
+ 800,000Goods available for sale
900,000Ending inventory
Trang 13Inventory Cost Flow ILLUSTRATION 84
Comparative Entries— Perpetual vs. Periodic
Trang 14Illustration: Assume that at the end of the reporting period, the
perpetual inventory account reported an inventory balance of
$4,000. However, a physical count indicates inventory of $3,800 is actually on hand. The entry to record the necessary writedown is
Trang 17the goods?—goods in transit, consigned goods, special sales agreements)
Trang 184 Understand the items to include as inventory cost.
5 Describe and compare the methods used to price inventories.
Trang 19to the goods
PHYSICAL GOODS INCLUDED IN
INVENTORY
Trang 20u If the supplier ships the goods f.o.b. destination, title
passes to LG only when it receives the goods from the common carrier.
Trang 21u When Sotheby’s sells the goods, it remits the revenue, less a
selling commission and expenses incurred, to Williams
Consigned Goods
GOODS INCLUDED IN INVENTORY
Trang 22Example: Hill Enterprises transfers (“sells”) inventory to Chase,
Inc. and simultaneously agrees to repurchase this merchandise at
a specified price over a specified period of time. Chase then uses the inventory as collateral and borrows against it.
u Essence of transaction is that Hill Enterprises is financing its
inventory—and retains control of the inventory—even though it transferred to Chase technical legal title to the merchandise.
Trang 24In one of the more elaborate
accounting frauds, employees at
Kurzweil Applied Intelligence Inc.
(USA) booked millions of dollars in
phony inventory sales during a two
year period that straddled two audits
and an initial public offering. They
dummied up phony shipping
documents and logbooks to support
bogus sales transactions. Then, they
shipped hightech equipment, not to
customers, but to a public warehouse
for “temporary” storage, where some
of it sat for 17 months. (Kurzweil still
had ownership.)
WHAT’S YOUR PRINCIPLE NO PARKING!
To foil auditors’ attempts to verify the existence of the inventory, Kurzweil employees moved the goods from warehouse to warehouse. To cover the fraudulently recorded sales transactions as auditors closed in, the employees brought back the still hidden goods, under the pretense that the goods were returned by customers. When auditors uncovered the fraud, the bottom dropped out of Kurzweil’s shares.
Source: Adapted from “Anatomy of a
Fraud,” Business Week (September 16,
1996), pp. 90–94.
LO 3
Trang 25Ending Inventory Misstated
The effect of an error on net income in one year will be counterbalanced in the next, however the income statement will be misstated for both years.
GOODS INCLUDED IN INVENTORY
ILLUSTRATION 87
Financial Statement Effects of Misstated Ending Inventory
Trang 284 Understand the items to include
as inventory cost.
5 Describe and compare the methods used to price inventories.
Trang 334 Understand the items to include as inventory cost.
5 Describe and compare the methods used to price inventories.
Trang 34LO 5
Trang 356,000 x €4.40 26,400
2,000 x €4.75
Calculate Goods Available for Sale
Cost Flow Methods
Trang 36uIASB requires in cases where inventories are not ordinarily
interchangeable or for goods and services produced or segregated for specific projects
Trang 37units from the March 2 purchase, 3,000 from the March 15 purchase, and 2,000 from the March 30 purchase. Compute the amount of ending
inventory and cost of goods sold.
ILLUSTRATION 812
Specific Identification
Trang 39AverageCost
ILLUSTRATION 813
WeightedAverage Method—Periodic Inventory
Trang 45Inventory Valuation Methods—Summary
Trang 474 Understand the items to include as inventory cost.
5 Describe and compare the methods used to price inventories.
Trang 49LASTIN, FIRSTOUT (LIFO)
LIFO Method—Periodic Inventory
Trang 51following selected data
Inventory Valuation Methods—Summary
Trang 52Notice that gross profit and net income are lowest under LIFO, highest under FIFO, and somewhere in the middle under averagecost.
Trang 53Inventory Valuation Methods—Summary
ILLUSTRATION 8A4
Balances of Selected
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