Chapter 3 - The accounting information system. After studying this chapter, you should be able to: Understand basic accounting terminology; explain double-entry rules; identify steps in the accounting cycle; record transactions in journals, post to ledger accounts, and prepare a trial balance;...
Trang 13-1
Trang 2Intermediate Accounting IFRS 2nd Edition
Kieso, Weygandt, and Warfield
3
Trang 37 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 77 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 9Debits and Credits
uAn arrangement that shows the
effect of transactions on an account
Trang 10$10,000 $3,000 Transaction #2 8,000
Trang 11Debit / Dr Credit / Cr
Trang 12Normal Balance
Credit
Normal Balance
Normal Balance
Chapter 3-27
Debit / Dr Credit / Cr
Normal Balance
Expense
Chapter 3-24
Liabilities Debit / Dr Credit / Cr
Normal Balance
Chapter 3-25
Debit / Dr Credit / Cr
Normal Balance Equity
Chapter 3-26
Debit / Dr Credit / Cr
Normal Balance
Revenue
Trang 13Statement of Financial Position
Trang 14LO 2
Trang 22LO 2
Trang 24Financial Statements and Ownership Structure
Investments by shareholders Net income retained in the business
ILLUSTRATION 34
Financial Statements and Ownership Structure
LO 2
Trang 267 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 27Transactions
Journalization
Statement preparation Closing
Postclosing trail balance Reversing entries
Trial balance Posting
Adjusted trial balance
Adjustments
Work Sheet
ILLUSTRATION 36
THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE
LO 3
Trang 297 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 30General Journal – a chronological list of transactions and other events, expressed in terms of debits and credits to accounts.
Trang 32Posting – Transferring amounts from journal to ledger
ILLUSTRATION 38
Posting a Journal Entry
LO 4
Trang 341. October 1: Shareholders invest ?100,000 cash in an
advertising venture to be known as Pioneer Advertising Agency Inc
Trang 396. October 5: Pioneer purchases, for ?25,000 on account,
an estimated 3month supply of advertising materials from Aero Supply
Trang 407. October 9: Pioneer signs a contract with a local
newspaper for advertising inserts (flyers) to be distributed starting the last Sunday in November. Pioneer will start work on the content of the flyers in November. Payment of
?7,000 is due following delivery of the Sunday papers containing the flyers
ILLUSTRATION 315
Posting
A business transaction has not occurred. There is only an agreement between Pioneer Advertising and the newspaper for the services to be provided in November. Therefore, no journal entry is necessary in October.
LO 4
Trang 41ILLUSTRATION 316
Posting
LO 4
Trang 429. October 26: Employees are paid every four weeks. The
total payroll is ?2,000 per day. The pay period ended on Friday, October 26, with salaries of ?40,000 being paid
40,000
ILLUSTRATION 317
Posting
LO 4
Trang 4310. October 31: Pioneer receives ?28,000 in cash and bills
Copa Company ?72,000 for advertising services of ?100,000 provided in October.
Trang 45ILLUSTRATION 319
LO 4
Trang 467 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 47Makes it possible to:
u Report on the statement of financial position the
appropriate assets, liabilities, and equity at the statement date.
Trang 48Adjusting Entries
1. Prepaid Expenses
Expenses paid in cash before they are used or consumed.
Deferrals
3 Accrued Revenues.
Revenues for services performed but not yet received in cash or recorded.
4 Accrued Expenses.
Expenses incurred but not yet paid in cash or
recorded.
2 Unearned Revenues.
Cash received before services are performed.
Accruals
Illustration 320
Types of Adjusting Entries
LO 5
Trang 503-50 ILLUSTRATION 321 Adjusting Entries for Deferrals LO 5
Trang 54Adjusting Entries for Prepaid Expenses
Trang 57Insurance An analysis of the policy reveals that ?500 (?6,000 ÷
12) of insurance expires each month. Thus, Pioneer makes the following adjusting entry
Trang 64Unearned Revenue. Pioneer received ?12,000 on October 2
from KC for advertising services expected to be completed by December 31. Show the journal entry to record the receipt on Oct. 2nd.
Trang 693-69 ILLUSTRATION 327 Adjusting Entries for Accruals LO 5
Trang 70Revenues recorded for services performed for which cash has yet to be received at statement date are accrued revenues
Adjusting entry results in:
LO 5
Trang 74LO 5
Trang 77Accrued Salaries. At October 31, the salaries and wages for
these days represent an accrued expense and a related liability to Pioneer. The employees receive total salaries of ?10,000 for a
fiveday work week, or ?2,000 per day
Adjusting Entries for Accrued Expenses
LO 5
Trang 7846,000
Adjusting Entries for Accrued Expenses
Trang 81Bad Debts. Assume Pioneer reasonably estimates a bad debt
expense for the month of ?1,600. It makes the adjusting entry for bad debts as follows
ILLUSTRATION 332
Adjustment for Bad Debt Expense
LO 5
Trang 847 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 85Financial Statements are prepared directly from the
Adjusted Trial Balance.
Statement of Financial Position
Income Statement
Retained Earnings Statement
Preparing Financial Statements
LO 6
Trang 86ILLUSTRATION 334 Preparation of the Income Statement and Retained Earnings Statement from the Adjusted Trial Balance
Trang 87ILLUSTRATION 335
Preparation of the Statement of Financial Position from the Adjusted Trial
Trang 88To achieve the vision of “24/7 accounting,” a company must be able to update revenue, income, and statement of financial position numbers
every day within the quarter (and potentially publish them on the
Internet). Such realtime reporting responds to the demand for more
timely financial information made available to all investors—not just to analysts with access to company management.
Trang 897 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 9146,000 Supplies Expense
15,000 Rent Expense
9,000 Insurance Expense
500 Interest Expense
500 Depreciation Expense
400 Bad Debt Expense
Trang 923-92 LO 7
Illustration 3-38
ILLUSTRATION 338
Trang 93LO 7
Trang 94The economic volatility of the past few years has left companies hungering for more timely and uniform financial information to help them react quickly to fast changing conditions. As one expert noted, companies were extremely focused
on trying to reduce costs as well as better plan for the future, but a lot of them discovered that they didn’t have the information they needed and they didn’t
have the ability to get that information. The unsteady recession environment
also made it risky for companies to interrupt their operations to get new
systems up to speed. So what to do? Try to piecemeal upgrades each year or start a major overhaul of their internal systems? One company, for example,
Trang 957 Prepare closing entries.
8 Prepare financial statements for a merchandising company.
After studying this chapter, you should be able to:
The Accounting Information System
3
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
Trang 96ILLUSTRATION 339
Merchandising Company
Trang 97ILLUSTRATION 340
Financial Statements of a Merchandising Company
LO 8
Trang 98ILLUSTRATION 341
Financial
Statements of a Merchandising Company
Trang 99ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEMS
As indicated in this chapter, companies must have an effective accounting
assurance on the quality of accounting reports. Since the passage of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (SOX), companies that trade on U.S. exchanges are required to place renewed focus on their accounting systems to ensure accurate reporting.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Trang 100will see in later chapters, different standards sometimes impact how transactions are recorded.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Trang 101textbook. As shown in the textbook, currency signs are typically used only in the trial balance and the financial statements. The same practice is followed under U.S. GAAP.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Trang 102and detect fraud and errors. While most public U.S. companies have these systems in place, many nonU.S. companies have never completely documented them nor had an independent auditor attest to their effectiveness. Both of these actions are required under SOX. Enhanced internal control standards apply only to large public companies listed on U.S. exchanges.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Trang 105On the Horizon
Highquality international accounting requires both highquality accounting
standards and highquality auditing. Similar to the convergence of U.S. GAAP and IFRS, there is a movement to improve international auditing standards. The International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) functions
as an independent standardsetting body. It works to establish highquality
auditing and assurance and qualitycontrol standards throughout the world. Whether the IAASB adopts internal control provisions similar to those in SOX remains to be seen. You can follow developments in the international audit
arena at http:// www.ifac.org/iaasb/.
GLOBAL ACCOUNTING INSIGHTS
Trang 106ACCRUALBASIS ACCOUNTING
Trang 1123-112 LO 9
ACCRUAL BASIS
ILLUSTRATION 3A12
Trang 113timely information about a company’s future cash flows
ACCRUALBASIS ACCOUNTING
LO 9
Trang 1143-114 LO 10 Identifying adjusting entries that may be reversed.
ILLUSTRATION 3B1
ILLUSTRATION OF REVERSING ENTRIESACCRUALS
Trang 120CYCLE REVISITED
Trang 122ILLUSTRATION 339
Trang 123ILLUSTRATION 340
LO 11
Trang 124ILLUSTRATION 341
LO 11
Trang 125Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted in Section 117 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the express written permission of the copyright owner is unlawful. Request for further information should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. The purchaser may make backup copies for his/her own use only and not for distribution or resale. The Publisher assumes no responsibility for errors, omissions, or damages, caused by the use of these programs or from the use of the information contained herein.
COPYRIGHT