hinge tutorial kho tài liệu bách khoa

It will be necessary to construct lines and constrain them to accurate dimensions as well as delete line segments and use construction lines.. Figure 2 shows the dimensions needed to con

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HINGE

Prepared by: Harry Hawkins

This tutorial will direct you through creating a simple hinge You will make two sides of the hinge and a hinge pin and finally you will assemble the hinge You will use a number

of Pro/D drawing tools including lines, circles, arcs and others You will also utilize features such as extrude, extrude profile and insert holes It will be necessary to construct lines and constrain them to accurate dimensions as well as delete line

segments and use construction lines In order to successfully execute this tutorial, you should already have some experience and skill using basic Pro/D design construction techniques for creating a solid

Left Hinge Section Follow the directions in order:

1 Open Pro/D and create a new design file Edit the browser and change the initial sketch to Hinge Profile Press Shift +W to see the workplane in orthographic Your screen should look like figure 1

Figure 1 Pro/D new design with Hinge Profile sketch

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2 Figure 2 shows the dimensions needed to construct the left section of the hinge You will need to refer to this drawing occasionally to obtain dimensions Also complete drawings are located at the end of this tutorial and may be used for accurate

0.670

0.575

0.575 0.810 0.725

0.810

3.495

1.583

Figure 2 Dimensions for Left Section of Hinge

3 Figure 3 is an end view of the hinge profile This will be the profile shape you will need to construct first Pay close attention to the details You will use many of the same profile dimensions from figure 3 for both hinge sides

Ø0.246

Enlarged Detail

R0.206 Ø0.438

0.089 0.089

Figure 3 Profile dimension details

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4 Use the circle tool to place a 0.438” diameter circle on the drawing field Using the same center, place a 0.246” diameter circle in the drawing field You should have two concentric circles such as shown in figure 4

Figure 4 Concentric Circles

5 In the following steps you will construct temporary lines in order to locate the starting point for a rectangle that will be part of the profile Remember to press the shift key while dragging a line to constrain it to horizontal or vertical placement

6 Start at the axis center and draw a line (#1) downward beyond the intersection of the inner circle From this intersection, draw a line to the left (#2) beyond an intersection with the outer circle Select each line and make it a construction line Use the delete line segment tool to remove the over run so that your image looks like figure 5

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Figure 5 Temporary construction for start of rectangle

7 Using the Line tool, create a 1.583” line from the left end of the last construction line (outer circle) to the left Create a 0.089” line vertical from the end of the last line Lastly, draw a line from the end of the last line to the right past an intersection with the inner circle of the barrel such as shown in figure 6

Figure 6 Dimensions for the profile rectangle

8 Zoom in on the intersection of the rectangle and circles Place a line, left to right across the two circles slightly above the intersection By drawing left to right you will see the angle in the running distance box Place the line when you read 7 degrees and the line overlaps both circle edges The excess will be deleted Figure 7 shows this detail

#1

#2

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Figure 7 Adding a line at 7°

between the 7 degree line and the last horizontal line At the red arrows in figure 7 Also remove other unwanted line segments as shown in figure 8 The profile should turn color indicating that it is a closed loop Delete the construction lines

Figure 8 Completed profile

10 Zoom in on the view as in figure 8 Select the arc or fillet tool (T) When you pass over the intersection at A (in figure 8) the cursor will change to a fillet Slowly drag a

A

B

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round downward Do the same for the intersection at B Dimension each and edit the constraints to A = R0.206” and B= R0.181” as in figure 9

Figure 9 Using Arc/Fillet to complete the barrel intersection

11 Figure 10 shows the completed profile Dimensions have been removed for clarity

Figure 10 Completed profile ready for extrusion

12 We will extrude this profile for a distance of 3.495” First, press the mouse wheel and drag the image so that it is in a 3D view This will help you visualize the trial

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view that will be presented since it will be in a 3D mode It should resemble figure

11

Figure 11 Profile ready to be extruded

those shown in figure 12 Notice that material is to be added below the workplane Once you select the distance, a 3D image in yellow will appear showing what the finished extrusion will look like Press the OK button to execute the extrusion

Figure 12 Extrude Profile dialog box completed with trial version of extrusion in the background

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14 The resulting extruded profile should now look like figure 13 Use the mouse wheel

to rotate it and view it from various angles Your color may be different since Pro/D assigns colors on a random basis

Figure 13 Completed Extrusion of the Left Section of the Hinge rotated for this view

15 We will now need to remove material from this extrusion in order to create the

“fingers” of the hinge, in this case two fingers First you will need to create a new sketch

14 The face will turn red Right click to see the drop down menu and select New Sketch The New Sketch window will open Edit the boxes to name the sketch Fingers and create in a new workplane named Fingers as shown in figure 14 Press OK to create the new sketch

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Figure 14 Creating a New Sketch to create “Fingers”

orthographic It should look like figure 15

Figure 15 New Sketch “Fingers” ready for drawing

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19 Zoom in on the upper left part of the “barrel” Draw a line from the right edge of the barrel a distance of 0.063” to the right Make this a construction line This should look like figure 16 You will need to constrain and edit this dimension for accuracy

Figure 16 First line of profile for creating a finger

20 Starting at the right end of this line, construct a rectangle such as shown in figure

17 Use the dimensions (0.55” wide x 0.575” high) The rectangle must cover the barrel geometry since it will be used to remove material from the barrel The

rectangle should fill with color since it is now a closed loop or profile

Figure 17 Rectangular Profile that will be used to remove material

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21 Zoom in on the middle of the barrel but keep the recently drawn rectangle in view Construct a line from the lower right corner of the rectangle downward a distance of 0.810” Make this line into a construction line since it will not be used as part of the profile but only to get the starting point of the middle opening Figure 18 shows what this should look like

Figure 18 Construction line to the start of the next rectangle profile

22 Starting at the lower end of this line, construct another rectangle (0.55” x 0.725”) Note this is a different height size than the other rectangles It should look like figure 19 when completed

Figure 19 Rectangle dimensions for middle finger cut-out

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23 In a similar fashion, draw a line from the lower right corner of the just-completed rectangle a distance of 0.810” in a downward direction Make it a construction line From the lower end of this line, construct the last finger rectangle (0.55” x 0.575”) profile as shown in figure 20

Figure 20 Last finger removal profile

24 Use the mouse wheel and drag to show the profile in 3D It should look like figure

21 The dimensions and construction lines have been removed for clarity Notice that you have three profiles located in the center plane of the barrel When you Project this profile, you will need to do it above and below the workplane or

symmetric to the workplane

Figure 21 Profiles ready to be projected

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shows what it should look like Edit the boxes to be sure that Subtract material, Symmetric about workplane and Thru entire part are all selected Notice the green arrows showing above and below the workplane indicate symmetry Press OK

to execute

Figure 22 Correct settings to Project a Profile for this exercise

26 The profile will remove material from the 3D object and the result will be as shown in figure 23 Notice the lines and colored boxes These boxes can be used as handles

to alter various dimensions Since we do not want to alter any dimensions, simply click on an empty place on the field and they will disappear

Figure 23 Completed Profile projection through object

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27 Use the mouse wheel to rotate the object to see different perspectives Rotate it to

face as shown in red in figure 24

Figure 24 Selecting the Face to install screw holes

28 While the face is selected (red), right click and select New Sketch Name the sketch Holes Also Create workplane should be named Holes as shown in figure

25 Press OK to create the New Sketch View the orthographic The image will rotate with the barrel on the left

Figure 25 New Sketch for Holes

29 Starting at the lower right corner, construct a line to the left 0.670” long From the end of this line draw another line 0.317” vertically On the top end of the last line

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create a circle of 0.2” diameter (this is a temporary circle that will be replaced with a given hole size later) This should look like figure 26 Be sure to make the lines you used to place the circle into construction lines or delete them after the circle is drawn

Figure 26 Locating the first screw hole

30 Using the line tool, construct a line from the center (use the center point marker) of the right vertical side to the left a distance of 0.346” and place a 0.2” diameter circle at the end of this line Figure 27 shows how this should look If the first circle

is selected, placing the second will be at the same diameter if you hold down the shift key when you place it

Figure 27 Placement of middle screw hole

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31 In a similar fashion, place a 0.2” diameter hole 0.670” to the left of the top right corner and 0.317” downward Figure 28 shows all holes in place Dimensions and construction lines have been removed for clarity

Figure 28 Holes located

boxes as shown in figure 29 Be sure to check Thru entire part, Below workplane and Countersink Fill in the 3 boxes under countersink then press OK to execute Use figure 30 to provide exact dimensions for the Countersink holes

Figure 29 Settings for the Countersunk holes

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Hole Detail

0.275 355

Figure 30 Dimensions for Countersink holes

33 Figure 31 shows the three holes created according to the data supplied in the Insert Hole dialog box Dimensions and location lines are removed for clarity If you wanted

to insert standard data, you have a choice of all the various screw sizes in the

Standard file: box

Figure 31 Holes Inserted in Left Section of Hinge

34 Use the mouse wheel to rotate and zoom the hinge part to see how it looks from various positions When you are finished, save it in an appropriate file and name it Left Hinge Section

the new creation, it will turn red indicating that it is a whole part and can be treated

as a part in assembly procedures Figure 32 is a view of the part after selection

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Figure 32 Completed “Part”.

Hinge Pin

36 The next step will be in creating the Hinge Pin This is a relatively simple

construction using Revolve Profile and will provide you with an interesting

procedure

37 Create a new design and rename initial to Pin Profile Click the Display Ortho Workplane icon to start the drawing Figure 33 shows what your screen should look like

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Figure 33 New Design for the Hinge Pin

38 Figure 34 shows the dimensions for the Hinge Pin Use these dimensions for

accuracy

0.097 0.083

R1.141

Figure 34 Hinge Pin Dimensions

39 Create a Profile such as shown in figure 35 This can be done using the line tool or

a combination of rectangles and the arc tool This profile will be revolved around

an axis which is the center line of the construction Details around the head of the pin are shown in figure 36 Refer to figure 34 for accurate input values The

shoulder lines (a triangle is located in each) may need to be fixed in order to pull the arc for the dome Do this by selecting the Constraints drop down menu then select Toggle Fixed or CTRL-F when the line is selected This will fix the line so it won’t move when you complete the arc on the dome of the head Note the construction

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line through the center from left to right You may toggle it back to a regular line Make sure it reaches only to the center points at both ends with no overlap

Figure 35.General Pin profile

Figure 36 Detail of Pin Head

40 Use the Delete Line Segments tool to delete the lower half of the profile so that you now have a profile that can be revolved Be sure to delete any overhanging construction segments Figure 37 shows the half-profile

Figure 37 Profile ready to be revolved

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41 For the revolve function to work correctly, you must have a profile on one sketch and an axis on another sketch The profile already completed is on the base

sketch

42 Select and highlight the word Pin Profile in the browser This will produce an

orthographic view of the plane – essentially a green rectangle Select the plane and its edge will turn red Right Click and select New Sketch Figure 38 shows the sketch creation box Edit the name to Axis and be sure the Add to workplane (base) is checked Click OK to create the new sketch

Figure 38 Creating the Axis sketch on the base workplane

43 Use the line tool to draw a line over the lower horizontal line in the profile This will

be the Axis line Figure 39 shows what this should look like It is the red line

Figure 39 Axis line (in red) and profile each on its own sketch

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The Revolve Profile window will open Edit the window according to figure 40 You should see a visual of the revolution If not, click the Axis selection button and highlight Lines: Now pick the Axis line in the profile The profile will present a

simulated view of the revolution as you see in figure 40 Once you have the

simulated view, click OK to execute the revolution

Figure 40 Revolve Profile window with trial 3D view of revolution below

45 Zoom in on the head section so that you can see it clearly Use the select edges

The resultant dialog box will show Make the Radius (in) 0.03” as in figure 41 You will see a trial view of the round Click OK to execute the round

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Figure 41 Setting the round radius

it from other perspectives Save it and name it Hinge Pin

Figure 42 Rounds (in red) completed on pin head

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