ITC review 13

 Several steps should be followed when creating a design document: researching end users’ needs, communication, logical design of screens, reports and data structures; and all other ste

Connecting with Computer Science Chapter 13 Review:

Chapter Summary:

 Software engineering involves many different steps to create an application that meets end user’s needs

 The process of building an application is accomplished by following a software development life cycle (SDLC) model

 Each SDLC model provides a different way of outlining the steps for creating a software product

 A design document is created as a blueprint for software development and outlines an application’s functionality

 Several steps should be followed when creating a design document: researching end users’ needs, communication, logical design of screens, reports and data structures; and all other steps that must take place before any source code is written

 Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a tool that enables developers and end users to illustrate an application’ functionality

 There are several types of UML diagrams, each serving a particular purpose or describing a part of the project being developed

 Using reports and a data dictionary can help a developer find any oversights in the project’s design

 Software development is often a team effort; building a team involves knowing the specific roles of each member

 Team members often include a project manager, database administrator, developers / programmers, clients/end users, testers and customer relations representatives

 After the application has been developed, installation media must be generated

 After the application is installed on the client’s system, spend some time training end users who can in turn train other end users

Key Terms:

Support Technician (456) Person responsible for interacting with testers, developers and end users during the

product’s creation and early release and on an ongoing basis with end users as long as the product is being used

Data Dictionary (443) A document describing the type of data being used in the program, showing table

definitions, indexes and other data relationships

DBA (454) Person assigned the role of creating and maintaining the database structure

Design Document (436) A document that details all the design issues for an application

End User (434) Someone or something that needs the program to perform a function or meet a need and

determines the program’s required functionality

Flowchart (446) A combination of symbols and text that provides a visual description of a process

Gold Plating (453) Adding unnecessary features to the project design

Project Manager (453) Leader of the software development team; responsible for choosing the right players for

the right positions and making sure the project is on schedule

Prototype(435) A standard or typical example that gives end users a good idea of what they will see when

their application is completed

Scope Creep Occurs when new changes are added to a project constantly, thus changing the proposed

deadline so that the project is never completed; instead it is in a constant improvement mode

Software Developer (455) Person responsible for writing source code to meet the end user’s functional

requirements

SDLC (434) A model that describes the life of the application, including all stages involved in:

developing, testing, installing, and maintaining a program

Software Engineering (434) The process of producing software apps, involving not just the program’s source code but

also associated documentation, including UML diagrams, screen prototypes, reports, software requirements, future development issues and data needed to make programs operate correctly

Tester(455) Person responsible for making sure the program functions correctly and meets all the

functional requirements specified ion the design document

UML(438) A software modeling process for creating a blueprint that shows the programs overall

functionality and provides a way for the client and developer to communicate

Waterfall Model (435) An SDLC approach involving sequential application development with processes organized

into phases; after a phase is completed, a new one starts, and you cannot return to the previous phase

Test Yourself:

1.) Describe what the process of software engineering includes

 Software engineering is the process of producing software applications It involves not just the

program’s source code but also associated documentation, including: UNL, diagrams, screen

prototypes, reports, software requirements, future development issues, and data needed to make programs operate correctly It is the heart of computer science and incorporates everything a software developer might encounter, including hardware components networking, databases, Web

development, software applications and so forth

2.) What is a design document and how does it affect software engineering?

 A design document details all the application’s design issues and includes its functionality, appearance and distribution Without a well-defined design document, a project is doomed to failure Creating a design document is based on good communication with end users in determining the application’s and requirements

3.) Write the pseudo code steps for a program that processes a savings deposit in an ATM

 Prompt for card

 When card is entered, read card

 Ask for PIN

 Confirm that PIN matches card

 If there is a match, continue with transaction Otherwise display error message

 Ask for dollar amount to add to savings

 Add dollar amount to savings and update account

 Ask if they would like to make another transaction If so, continue by going back to Step 6

Otherwise, display a thank you message and quit

 Eject card

4.) Write the pseudo code steps for a program that processes a savings withdrawal from an ATM

 Prompt for card

 When card is entered, read card

 Ask for PIN

 Confirm that PIN matches card

 If there is a match, continue with transaction Otherwise display an error message

 As for dollar amount to remove from account

 Subtract dollar amount from account and update the account

 Ask if they would like to make another transaction If so, continue by going back to Step 6

Otherwise, display a thank you message and quit

 Eject card

5.) How can UML help a developer create a program that meets an end user’s needs?

 UML is a software modeling process that enables developers to create a blueprint showing the overall functionality of the program being engineered and provides a way for clients

and developers to communicate Better communication results in a better project

6.) How is a data dictionary used in software development?

 A data dictionary is a document defining the structure of the database, and describing the

type of data used in the program, and showing table definitions, indexes, and other data

relationships Developers use it to clarify the data available for use in reports, screens, file

transfers and other data operations Developers and end users can also use it during the

report creation process The document acts as a master guide for making sure all data is

consistent

7.) What is a prototype and how is it used in software engineering?

 A prototype is a typical example that gives end users a good idea of what they’ll see when

their application is completed It is not the final product, ready to go A software engineer

can design all the screens and reports before any lines of code are written and should get

end users’ input on factors such as: color, position of fields and so forth The result should

be a product agreed by both the user and the developer, thus promoting good

communication throughout the process

8.) What are some mistakes you can make in designing and developing a software program?

 Not including the end user in the design process

 Writing your application without getting user approval for the prototype

 Not testing the application

 Using poor coding procedures

 Not creating a design document

 Thinking that end users do not know what they want, so you tell them what they are going

to get

9.) Describe the steps in the waterfall SDLC model

 The waterfall SDLC model represents the fundamental processes in creating a program as

phases The output from each phase is used as the input for the next phase The first step is gathering all the requirements for the project The second step is designing the system and

software After all the requirements have been defined and the project has been designed,

it is time to build and implement the application After the application is finished, it must

be tested and then finally put into operation and maintained to meet users’ needs If you

encounter a problem in the design, you must return to the first step and continue repeating

the process until the final product has met all the users’ functional requirements

10.) List each software development team role and describes the job function

right positions, determining the projects’ risks, cost and schedule of tasks, and keeping the

project on schedule

database

functional requirements

engineering Clients are the ones who know what they really want and why

the functional requirements specified in the design document

 Consumer relations representative: Person responsible for interacting with testers, developers and

end users during the product’s creation and early release and on an ongoing basis with the end

users as long as the product is being used

11.) Draw a flowchart for using a microwave to heat a TV dinner for 2 minutes

12.) Write the pseudo code for using a microwave a TV dinner for 2 minutes

 Open microwave door

 Place food inside microwave

 Press the cook level button

 Select high

 Press the cook time button

 Enter 2 minutes

 Press the start button

 When the timer goes off, open door

 Remove food

 Close door

Start

Open Door

Place food

inside

microwave

Close door

Press cook

level button

Select high

level

Press cook time button

Enter 2 min

Press start button

If remaining Cook < 2 min

Yes

No

Open Door

Remove food

Sound Timer &

reset display

Close Door

Stop

13.) Draw a flow chart for making a purchase on the internet

Start

Go to Web

URL

Enter login

name

Click search

button

Click Login

button

Enter

password

Enter Search

If item is found

No

Yes

Display error message

Add to cart

Click check-out

Process all charges

Confirm order

Stop

14.) Write the pseudo code for making a purchase on the internet

 Go to the web site URL

 Enter login name

 Enter password

 Click the login button

 Type item description in search area

 Click the Search button

 If found, enter quantity and click “Add item to shopping cart.”

 If not found, display error message and return to screen

 Click the Checkout button

 Confirm information and click the Confirm Order button

 Click the Logout button

15.) Draw a flow chart and write the pseudo code for an application that allows a professor to keep track

of the following information for each student: 10 homework assignments, 4 quiz scores and 2 test scores The application should calculate the average grade for each type of information (homework, quizzes, and tests) and then calculate a final grade by averaging all three average scores

Start

Enter SS ID

Enter SS ID

Calculate hw

Avg score

Input 4

quiz scores

Calc quiz avg

score

Input 2 test scores

Calc test avg score

Calc final Average

Stop

 Enter Student ID

 Input 10 homework scores

 Calculate the homework average score

 Input 4 quiz scores

 Calculate the quiz average score

 Input 2 test scores

 Calculate the test average score

 Calculate the final average (HomeworkAvg + QuizAvg + TestAvg) / 3