A STUDY ON GRAMMATICAL MEANS AND PROSODIC MEANS AS COHENSIVE DEVICES IN NARRATIVE DISCOURSE

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY OF STUDY PROJECT REPORT……… i

ABSTRACT……… ii

ACKNOWLEDGE……… iii

LIST OF INTONATION SYMBOLS………iv

Part I: INTRODUCTION………1

I Rationale for thesis……….2

II Aims and objectives…… ………3

III Scope of the study……… 3

IV Methodology……… 3

V Structure of the thesis……….3

Part II: DEVELOPMENT……… 4

CHAPTER I: Theoretical background and literature review …… ……… 5

I Literature review……….5

II Theoretical background II.1 Discourse……… ………….5

II.1.1 What is discourse? 5

II.1.2 Discourse and text……….6

II.1.3 Narrative discourse………8

II.2 Cohesion in English……… … 9

II.2.1 What is cohesion? 9

II.2.2 Cohesion and coherence……….……… … 10

II.2.3 Cohesion and discourse…….……… ………12

II.2.4 Cohesive devices……….……… ……… 13

II.2.4.1 Lexical cohesion……….……… ………13

II.2.4.2 Grammatical cohesion ………….……… 14

II.2.4.2.1 Reference……….……… ….14

II.2.4.2.2 Ellipsis ……….……… 15

II.2.4.2.3 Substitution……….… ……… 15

II.2.4.2.4 Conjunction……….……….……… 16

II.3 Intonation in English ……… ……… ……… … 16

II.3.1 Definition………… ……….……… ……… 16

II.3.2 Tone vs Intonation…….…… ……… … 17

III.3.2.1 Parameters……….……… … 17

III.3.2.2 Functions……….……… ….19

III.3.2.2.1 Some basic functions of intonation……….……… 19

III.3.2.2.2 Some communicative function of tones……….………… 20

CHAPTER II: Grammatical means as cohesive devices in narrative discourse…………21

I Introduction……… 21

II Grammatical means as cohesive devices in “The Perfect man” on HBO…………21

II.1 Reference……… 21

II.1.1 Personal reference……….22

II.1.2 Demonstrative reference……… 24

II.1.3 Comparative reference……… 26

II.2 Substitution………26

II.2.1 Nominal substitution……….26

II.2.2 Verbal substitution……… 27

II.2.3 Clausal substitution……… 28

II.3 Ellipsis……… 28

II.3.1 Clausal ellipsis……… 28

II.3.2 Verbal ellipsis……… 28

II.3.3 Nominal ellipsis………29

II.4 Conjunction……… 29

II.4.1 Additive conjunction………30

II.4.2 Adversative conjunction……… 30

II.4.3 Causal conjunction……… 30

II.4.4 Temporal conjunction……… 30

III Summary………30

CHAPTER III: Intonation as a cohesive device in narrative discourse……….31

I Introduction………31

II Intonation as a mean of cohesive device in “The Perfect Man” on HBO………… 31

I.1 The Glide down………31

I.2 The Glide up……….33

I.3 The Take-off……….35

I.4 The Dive……… 36

III Summary……….……… 37

Part III: CONCLUSION……….……… 38

I Recapitulation………39

II Concluding remarks……… 39

III Suggestions for further studies……… 40

REFERENCES

APPENDIX

Brown, G & Yule, G 1983 Discourse Analysis Cambridge: Cambridge University Press Brazil, D 1997 The Communicative Value of Intonation in English Cambridge:

Cambridge University Press

Cook, G 1989 Discourse London: Oxford University Press.

Coulthard, M 1977 An introduction to Discourse Analysis Harlow (Essex): Longman Crystal, D 1992 Introduction to Linguistics London: Penguin

Georgakopoulou, A and Goutsos, D 1997 Discourse Analysis: An introduction

Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press

Halliday, M, and Hasan, R 1976 Cohesion in English New York: Longman Group

Limited

Halliday, M 1992 Spoken and Written language London: Eddward Arnorld.

Nunan, D 1993 Itroducing Discourse Analysic Penguin English.

Ky, Nguyen Huy 2006 Ngu Dieu Tieng Anh o Nguoi Viet Hanoi: Information and Culture

Publishing House

O'Connor, J.D & G K Arnold 1973 Intonation of Colloquial English London: Longman O'Connor, J.D 1967 Better English Pronunciation Cambridge: Cambridge University

Press

Swales, J.M (1990) Genre Analysis London: Cambridge University Press.

Tench, P 1996 The intonational system of English New York” Wellington House.

Widdowson, H 1997 Exploration in Applied Linguistics Cambridge: Cambridge

University Press

Websites:

HTTP://ITESLJ.ORG/TECHNIQUES/CELIK-INTONATION.HTML

http://en.wilipedia Org/wili/Intonation