Spiders of the genus Plexippus from China

Spiders of the genus Plexippus from China (Araneae: Salticidae). Five Plexippus species, including one new species, Plexippus yinae Peng Li, are reported from China. A description of the new species and diagnoses of the known species are given. Distributional data, a key to these species, and illustrations of body and genital organs are provided.Spiders of the genus Plexippus from China (Araneae: Salticidae). Five Plexippus species, including one new species, Plexippus yinae Peng Li, are reported from China. A description of the new species and diagnoses of the known species are given. Distributional data, a key to these species, and illustrations of body and genital organs are provided.

Revuesuissede Zoologie 110(4): 749-759;décembre 2003

Xian-JinPENG & ShuqiangLI*

InstituteofZoology,Chinese Academyof Sciences, Beijing 100080, China

Spiders of the genus Plexippus from China (Araneae: Salticidae).-Five Plexippusspecies, includingone new species, Plexippus yinae Peng & Li,

arereportedfrom China Adescriptionofthe newspeciesand diagnoses of theknownspecies are given Distributionaldata, akey tothesespecies,and

illustrationsof body andgenitalorgans areprovided

Key-words: Araneae- Salticidae-Plexippus -review- China.

INTRODUCTION

The spider genusPlexippus was establishedby C L Koch (1846)to accom-modate Plexippus Ugo C L Koch, now in synonymy with Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826).According tothecatalogueofPrószynski (2002), this salticidgenus

is nowrepresented by 53 speciesworldwide, including4 knownspecies occurringin China Duringour study of Plexippusmaterial fromChina, one newspecies has been identified Adescriptionofthisnew speciesanddiagnoses oftheotherspeciesknown

from Chinaaregiveninthepresentpaper

Specimens, preserved in 80% ethanol, were examined under SZ40-Olympus stereomicroscope andillustrated.The epigyna were drawn before theyweredissected from thespiderabdomina,while the vulvaewere drawnaftertheywere maceratedin lactic acid The legmeasurements are givenin thefollowing sequence: Total (femur,

patella+tibia,metatarsus,tarsus).All measurements aregivenin millimeters

The material examined is deposited in the Institute ofZoology, Chinese

Aca-demy of Sciences inBeijing (IZCAS), intheHunan Normal University inChangsha, China (HNU), andintheMuséumd'histoirenaturelle inGenève,Switzerland(MHNG).

For each species onlythefollowing synonyms andreferences aregiven inthe

text: Referencestorelevantpapersby Chinesecolleagues,and synonyms notlistedin

Platnick's spider catalogue (Platnick, 2003) or in Prószynski's Salticidae catalogue (Prószynski, 2002)

Abbreviationsused: AER-anterioreye row,AL-abdomen length,ALE-anterior lateral eye, AME-anterior median eye, AW-abdomen width, CL-carapace length,

CLYH-clypeus height, CW-carapacewidth, EFL-eye field length, PER-posterior eye row,PLE-posteriorlateraleye,TL-totallength

Allcorrespondence shouldbeaddressedtoShuqiangLi,

e-mail: lisq@panda.ioz.ac.cn

PlexippusC L.Koch, 1846

Plexippus C.L.Koch,1846,Die Arachniden 13:107

Typespecies:Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826)

The genusPlexippuswas usedinthe 19thcenturytoaccommodatea varietyof non-related species Many ofthem are not related to the type species ofthe genus (Bohdanowicz &Prószynski, 1987).The knownspeciesofthegenusare distributed in

almostallzoogeographical regions (Zabka, 1985)

Diagnosis: Mediumto large spiders with elevated céphalothorax Oculararea

occupyinglessthanhalfofcarapacelength,lengthabouttwothirdsof width,PME lo-catedatthemidpoint between ALE and PLE;both carapaceand abdomenwithdistinct longitudinal bands Palpal organ: bulb usually longer than wide, its prolateral side strongly sclerotized and spatuliform, posterior end ofbulb usually with small lobe

(Figs 2B, 3B, 4B, 5B) Epigynumusually with central anterior hood (Figs IB, 3E),

copulatory opening narrow and usually slit-shaped, spermathecae spherical and con-nected toshort stoutducts (Figs 2F, 3F, 4F)

Key to Plexippusspecies occurringinChina

Bulb withsmoothprolateralside(Figs 2B,3B) 4

3 Embolus longand thin,with pointedtip(Fig.4B) P. setipes

Embolus shortandstout, with truncatedtip(Fig 5B) P. yinaesp n

4 Tibialapophysisclosetocymbium,tipofapophysis reachingbeyondthe

base ofembolusinventral view (Fig.3B) P.petersi Tibialapophysis notclose tocymbium,tipofapophysis not reachingthe

base ofembolusinventralview (Fig.2B) P.paykulli

5 Epigynal hoodclosetoanteriormarginofepigynum(Figs IC, 3E) 6 Epigynalhoodina centralpositionontheepigynum (Figs2E,4E 7

6 Copulatory openingwide, V-shaped(Fig IB) P. bhutani Copulatory opening slit-shaped (Fig.3E) P.petersi

7 Epigynumwithdeep mid-lateral incisions (Figs2E-F) P.paykulli Epigynumwithoutlateral incisions (Figs4E-F) P. setipes

Plexippus bhutani: Xie& Peng, 1993: 21,figs9-11 (9);Pengetal, 1993: 180, figs 629-631

(9); Songetal, 1999: 540,figs311a,312a(9).

Material examined: 19(MHNG), Wuying Town, Weishan District,Yunnan Province, China, 8.VI.1999,leg.Z.X.Li; 19(IZCAS),Mt Cangshan,DaliPrefecture,YunnanProvince,

9.III.2002,leg.Z.X.Li.

Diagnosis Thisspeciesis similar toP.petersi (Karsch, 1878),butcan be

sepa-ratedfromthelatterby: 1. epigynumwithmuch widerposteriormarginversusaswide

as anteriormargin inP.petersi (Figs 1B-C,versus Figs 3E-F);2 epigynalhoodclose

PLEXIPUSSPECIESFROMCHINA 751

Fig 1

Plexippus bhutani Zabka, 1990: A Bodyof female; B Epigynum;C Vulva Scales=1.0 mm (A),0.2mm(B-C)

V-shaped,closetomedianarea,thatofP.petersinarrow,slit-shapedandlocatedinthe anteriorhalfofepigynum(Fig IB, versus Fig 3E); 4.copulatory ductsmuchshorter

(Fig 1C, versusFig 3F)

Plexippuspaykulli(Audouin, 1826) Figs2A-F

Plexippuspaykulli: Lee, 1966:74,figs27i-k(39);Yin& Wang, 1979: 37,figs21A-E(<J5); Yinetal, 1983:34,fig.4C(<?);Hu,1984: 386,figs402.1-6{62);Guo,1985: 182,figs 2-105.1-3(c?9);Song, 1987: 300,fig.256(<??);Zhang, 1987: 250,figs222.1-3(39);

Feng, 1990: 213,figs 188.1-6(o*9);Chen & Gao, 1990: 194,figs247a-c(£9); Chen

&Zhang,1991: 296,figs312.1-5(Ô9);Songera/.,1993: 886,figs62A-D(69);Peng

etal, 1993: 181, figs632-638 (69);Zhao, 1993: 417,figs217a-c(39);Chen, 1996:

137;Songera/., 1999: 540,figs 14K,310P, 31 IB, 328L(<J9);Songetal,2001: 451,

figs301A-D(<?9)

Plexippus incognitas Lee, 1966:74,figs28a-c(62,misidentified);Hu,1984: 384,fig.401(<J9

misidentified);Songefal, 1999:540(misidentified)

Materialexamined: 19(MHNG),JinxiuDistrict,GuangxiZhuang AutonomousRegion, China, 13.V.1999, leg. G Q Zhang; 19 (IZCAS), PingxiangCity, Guangxi Zhuang Autono-mous Region, 22.III.1998, leg. M Wu; 13 (MHNG), Fulong Town, Fangcheng District,

Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, 23.V.1999, leg. G Q Zhang; 29 (HNU), Fugong

District,YunnanProvince,25.VII.2000,leg.D.Kavanaugh &H.M.Yan; 13 (IZCAS),Wuying Town,WeishanDistrict,YunnanProvince, 5.VIII.1999,leg. X.L Fan; JiancaoTown, Yunlong

District, Yunnan Province, leg. E B Yang (IZCAS); 19 (IZCAS), Midu District, Yunnan

Province, 10.VIII.1999,leg.YQ.Chen

Diagnosis The male of this species is similar to that ofP. petersi (Karsch,

1878), but differs in: 1. tibial apophysis (Figs 2B-D) shorter, further away from the

cymbium, tipof apophysis not reaching level ofthebase ofembolusin ventral view; tibial apophysis ofP.petersi (Figs 3B-D) closertocymbium, with distal end beyond

the leveloftheembolusbaseinventralview; 2. embolus(Fig 2B)shorter,originating

fromthe positionof11:00o'clock; thatofP.petersi(Fig.3B) fromthepositionof 9:00

o'clock; 3.prolateral sideofbulbwitha shorterand widerapophysis (Fig 2B)versus withaconical apophysisinP. petersi(Fig 3B).The female ofthis speciesresembles

thatofP. setipesKarsch, 1879, butcan bedistinguished fromthelatterby: epigynum withdeepmid-lateral incisions (Figs2E-F) which areabsentinP. setipes(Figs 4E-F)

Distribution Cosmopolitan. In China recorded from the provinces: Anhui,

Fujian, Shandong, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan.

Plexippuspetersi:Song &Chai, 1991:21,figs 12A-D (39);Xie, 1993: 359,figs11-15(o*9); Peng etal, 1993: 183, figs 639-645 (39); Song etal, 1999: 531, figs 310Q, 312C, 328M(c?9).

Material examined: 13 19 (MHNG), Mt Jianfengling, Ledong District, Hainan

Province, China, 1990; 16 (HNU), MenglaDistrict,YunnanProvince, China, 5.V1981, leg J.

F Wang; 13 (IZCAS), JinghongDistrict,YunnanProvince,China,2.XI.1988;36 (IZCAS),Mt

Jianfengling,LedongDistrict,HainanProvince, China,HL1990; lo* (IZCAS), FuningDistrict,

YunnanProvince, China, 17.IV.1988

Diagnosis This species is very similar toP. bhutani andP. paykulli For dif-ferencesbetweenthese three species see"Diagnosis"under"PlexippusbhutaniZabka, 1990" and"Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826)"

Distribution Africa, India, Sri Lanka, Singapore, Japan, Vietnam and China (Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan,Yunnan)

PLEXIPUSSPECIESFROMCHINA 753

Fig.2

Plexippus paykulli (Audouin,1826):A.Bodyofmale; B Leftpalpalorgan,ventralview; C Left

palpalorgan,retrolateralview;D Leftpalpalorgan,dorsalview;E.Epigynum;F.Vulva Scales

Fig 3

Plexippuspetersi(Karsch, 1878):A.Bodyofmale; B Leftpalpalorgan,ventralview; C Left

palpal organ, retrolateralview;D Leftpalpalorgan,dorsalview;E.Epigynum;F.Vulva Scales

PLEXIPUS SPECIESFROMCHINA 755

Plexippussetipes:Yin& Wang, 1979:37,figs22A-E(c?9);Hu, 1984: 387,figs403.1-2(39); Guo, 1985: 183, figs 2-106.1-3 (<?9); Zhu & Shi, 1983: 213, figs 195a-c (9); Song, 1987: 301, fig. 257 (c?2); Zhang, 1987: 251, figs223.1-3 (9); Feng, 1990: 214, figs 189.1-5 (c?9);Chen & Gao, 1990: 194, figs248a-c(<?9);Chen &Zhang, 1991: 297, figs313.1-4(c?9);Songetal., 1993: 886,figs63A-D(c?9);Peng<?f a/., 1993: 185,figs

646-652 (<?9);Zhao, 1993: 419, figs218a-c(c?9); Songe?ai, 1999: 541,figs3111, 312D,328N(<?9).

Materialexamined: 19 (MHNG), XuanenDistrict,HubeiProvince, China, 24.V.1989;

1 c? (MHNG),YingjiangTown,DehongDistrict,YunnanProvince, China,10.Vu; 13 (MHNG),

Mt Longqi, Jiangle County, Fujian Province, China, 11.IX.1990, leg S. Li; 2c?19 (HNU), Liukusuburb,YunnanProvince,25.VI.2000, leg. D.Kavanaugh &H.M.Yan;2c?19 (HNU), Liukualong Nujiang,YunnanProvince, 26.VI.2000, leg. D Kavanaugh,C Griswold & H.M.

Yan; 1 c? (HNU), Gongshansuburb,YunnanProvince, 26.VI.2000,leg. H.M.Yan; 13 (HNU), Liuku alongYongping, Yunnan Province, 26.VII.2000, leg. D Kavanaugh & H.M. Yan; 19

(MHNG),FulongTown,FangchenggangCity,GuangxiZhuang AutonomousRegion, China,alt. 200m, 23.IV.1999, leg. G Q Zhang; 19 (IZCAS), Nanjing, Zhejiang Province, China, 28.IV.1925,leg.G.Ping

Diagnosis This species is closely related to P. petersi (Karsch, 1878), but differs in: 1.prolateral sideofbulbserrated(Fig.4B)versussmoothinP.petersi(Fig 3B); 2 tibial apophysis shorter (Figs 4B-D versus Figs 3B-D); 3 cymbium with a series of bent hairs near tibial apophysis versus no such hairs in P. petersi; 4 dif-ferences inthe structure ofthe epigynum (see"Diagnosis"under"Plexippus paykulli (Audouin, 1826)")

Distribution China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Shanghai, Shaanxi, Shangdong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Yunnan,Zhejiang),Japan,Turkmenistan,Vietnam.

Materialexamined:Holotype c? (IZCAS),paratype 13 (MHNG),northernentranceof DaliTeacher'sCollege ofYunnan,Dali City (25.60 N, 100.1°E), 18.1.2001,leg.Z.X.Li.

Diagnosis.The newspeciesisallied toPlexippussetipesKarsch, 1879, but dif-fersin: 1. embolus shorterand stouter, with truncatedtip (Figs 5B-C) versuspointed end inP. setipes (Figs 4B-C); 2 posteriorlobeofbulb muchbigger (Fig 5B, versus

Fig 4B);3. tibialapophysismuchlonger(Figs5B-D,versusFigs4B-D).

Etymology The new speciesisnamedafterProfessorChang-MinYin, whohas hadher80thbirthdayin October2003 ProfessorYinisone oftheleading spider

tax-onomistsinChina

Description Male(holotype): Measurements: TL5.60 CL 2.80,CW2.00,AL 2.70, AW 1.60, AER 1.60, PER 1.60, EFL 1.00, AME 0.50, ALE 0.25, PLE 0.25, CLYH0.20.Leg15.90(1.80, 2.50, 1.10, 0.50);H5.00(1.60, 2.00, 0.90,0.50);IH5.20

(1.60, 1.80, 1.10, 0.70); IV 5.80 (1.80, 2.10, 1.20, 0.70); leg formula 1, 4, 3, 2 Carapace(Fig 5A)lightbrownwithblack margin, densely clothedinwhiteandblack hairs;ocular areablack,carapacesurrounded bywhitemarginalband formed bywhite hairs,each PMEfollowedbya longitudinalblack band; fovea reddishbrown,

longitu-dinal; medianareaofthoracicregionwithlightbrown bandextendingforwardto

PlexippussetipesKarsch, 1879: A.Bodyofmale; B Leftpalpalorgan,ventralview; C Left pal-palorgan, retrolateralview; D Leftpalpalorgan,dorsalview;E.Epigynum;F.Vulva Scales=

PLEXIPUSSPECIESFROMCHINA 757

Fig.5

Plexippus yinaesp n.:A.Bodyof male; B Leftpalpalorgan,ventralview; C Leftpalpalorgan,

retrolateral view; D Left palpal organ, dorsal view; E Teeth on cheliceral groove Scales = 1.0mm(A),0.5mm(B-D)

cervical andradial grooves indistinct Sternumelongated oval, with smooth margin,

anteriormargintruncated; light yellowish brown background with blackmargin and grayishblackmedianarea; clothed inshortblackhairsandlongblacksetae Clypeus brownwith blackfrontmargin andsides;medianareadensely clothedinshort

feather-shaped white hairs Chelicerae brown, anterior side dark brown with few

feather-shapedwhitehairs inbasalportion;twopromarginalteethand oneretromarginal tooth

oncheliceralgroove (Fig.5E).Enditesand labiumdarkbrown,withdenseblackhairs

ondistalareas.Legsgreyishblack withlightlycoloredirregularpatches,coveredwith long grayhairsandshortblackhairs; spinessparseandstout, 3 pairsonventral sideof

tibiaeI andII, 2pairs onventral sideof metatarsiI andII. Abdomen(Fig 5A)

cylin-drical, slightly wider anteriorly Dorsum grayish black with two longitudinal black bands,each bandwitha transversewhitebandinposterior portion;cardiacbandblack, shortandbar-shaped;4chevronsinposteriormedianarea,posteriorendwith adistinct

black mark; twopairs oflightbrown muscular depressions.Ventral side ofabdomen dark gray with three longitudinal black bands separated by two longitudinal light yellow bands Palpal organ: bulb with serrated prolateral margin and abig posterior

lobeinventralview(Fig.5B);tibialapophysis longestamongtheknownspecies;tibial apophysis(Figs5B-C) shortestamongtheknownspecies, itsterminalendtruncated

Discussion.The embolusofmalepalpalorgan sometimesisbrokenoffduring

copulation Itstipthenremains inthefemalevulva This case usually occursinsome

spiders ofthe family Araneidae (such as the spiders ofthe genus Argiope) But no

reportaboutthiscan be foundintheSalticidaespidersuptonow.Afterexaminingthe

fourpalpalorgans oftheholotype andtheparatypein thisstudy,we foundthatallfour

palpalorgans havethe same type ofembolus Does thetruncated endoftheembolus

ofthe new species result from the break of embolus during copulation? It can be exactlyansweredonlyaftermorematerials, especially the embolustip keptinthe fe-malevulva, willbe foundinfutureresearch

Female: Unknown.

Distribution.China (Yunnan)

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We are verygrateful toDr Peter Schwendinger (Geneva) and Dr Peter Jäger (Frankfurtam Main) fortheircontinued support during our studyon Chinese jumping

spiders

The present studywas supportedby theNational Natural Sciences Foundation

ofChina (NSFC-30270183, 39970102), by theNational Science Fund forFostering

Talents in Basic Research (NSFC-J0030092), and was also partly supported by the

Knowledge InnovationProgramoftheChinese Academyof Science (CAS)

(KSCX2-1-06A, KSCX3-IOZ-01) and by theLife Science SpecialFund oftheCAS

(STZ-00-19) supportedbytheMinistryof Finance

REFERENCES

Bohdanowicz, A & PrószyNski, J. 1987 Systematic studies on East Palaearctic Salticidae

(Araneae),IV.Salticidaeof Japan.Annaleszoologici, Warszawa41:43-151