KEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERS

KEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERSKEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERS

ILLUSTRATED KEYS TO THE GENERA OF JUMPING SPIDERS (ARANEAE: SALTICIDAE)

IN AUSTRALIAValenrs Tooo Davtns e.Np Menrx ZasKDavies,V.ToddandLabka,M 1989 ll 13:Illustratedkeystothegeneraof jumpingspiders(Araneae : Salticidae) in Australia Mem Qd Mus.27Q): 189-266 Brisbane ISSN 0079-8835.From the keys, accompanying notes and illustrations 57 presently described genera of Australian

salticids can be identified Four genera, Rhombonotus, Canama, Jotus and Prostheclina have

been reinstated Three genera, Harmochirus, Omoedus and Mintonia are newly recorded from

northern Australia The following spiders are illustrated for the first time: I Canama hinnuleus,

? Cocalus gibbosus, 3 Coccorchestesferreus, e Hypoblemum sp., 6 Ligonipes sp., 6 'Lycidos'

michoelseni, ? Maratw sp., 6 Prostheclina pallida, ? Sandalodes bipenicillatus, I 'Trite'

daemetii, and I 'Trite' longula Discocnemius Thorell, l88l and Haterius Simon' 1900 are

newly synonymised with Zigorrpes Karsch, 1878, resulting in new combinations: D locertosus: L Iacertosus (Thorell, 1881) n comb.; fL semitectus : L semitectus (Simon' 1900) n

comb The Australian Pystiro spp have been transferred to Zenodorus thrts P orbiculata :

Z orbiculatus (Keyserling, 1881) n comb and P, obscurofemorota = Z obscurofemoratus(Keyserling, 1881) n comb

ZKet, Solticidae, jumping spiders, Australia

Valerie Todd Davies, Queenslond Museum, PO Box 300, South Brisbone, Queensland 4101,

Australia; Marek 2abka, Zaktad zoologii WSR-P, Prusa 12, 08-110 Siedlce' Poland; 14

December, 1988

In Koch and Keyserling's (1871-1883) monu- so few sub- families are sufficiently defined to bemental three volume wori, Die Arochniden Aus- of use in this respect It says much for Simon'straliens,more than 150 species of jumping spiders, analytical skill that these divisions, which he con-mostly irom Australia, were desciibed itre wort sidered 'peut-€tre un peu artificielles', are stillwas well illustrated and contained a key to 46 used It is clear that within these divisions manygenera, based mainly on habitus, lengths of legs natural groups of genera can be recognised' Simonind a.iangement of eyes Because these volumes (loc cit.) gave keys to 'groupes' (some of whichare ruue it seems opportune to publish new illus- have since been recognised as sub-families) andtrations of as many-Australian genera as we can within the 'groupes' he gave keys to genera Theseidentify and to conitruct keys using more reliable keys, in association with the illustrations fromcharaciers We recognise that many more genera Koch and Keyserling (loc cit.) are the main basisand hundreds of speiies are yet to be described for the identification ofgenera in Australia today.

Petrunkevitch (1928) recognised and gave keys forSubsequent accounts of the genera of jumping 23 sub-families arranged, somewhat reluctantly,spiders have dealt with the salticid genera of the in Simon's three divisions; he listed the genera inworld A historical review was given by Peckham the sub-families

and Peckham (1885) Finding some names were

preoccupied, they provided several new generic chrysanthus (1968) redescribed and figured 2onames, including 5 for Australian spiders (see list salticid species from New Guinea' nearly all of

of genera p l9l) They also gave a key to 84 which are also found in northern Australia' Ingenera, rather less than weri then described recent revisions wanless (1978' l98l' 1984a'because the descriptions on which their key was 1984b) has redescribed and figured several Aus-based were too incomplete for some genera to be tralian 'plurident' genera' culminating in hisincluded Simon (1897-1903) separated the revision (1988) of the Astieae' This is the first andjumping spiders of the world into 3 major divisions only comprehensive revision of a group of Aus-depending on the retromarginal dentition of the tralian salticids and in it he gives keys to generachelicera - the Pluridentati with several teeth, the and species'

Fissidentati with a divided tooth and the Uniden- Pr6szyriski's (1984, 1987) recent atlases oftati with a single tooth or none; the last is by far specimens .in European museums have beenthe largest group Whether the system is artificial valuable Zabka's (1987a, 1987b) drawings of(Zabki believes that it is) or not, it seems to be a some of the existing types are reproduced in thispractical and sensible way to structure keys when paper, along with other drawings from types and

1 9 0

many from fresh material The key is divided into

3 sectional keys, the Pluridentati (16 genera), the

Fissidentati (13 genera) and the Unidentati (28

genera) Short notes on the genera are given below

the relevant part of the keys Occasionally

attention is drawn to the similarity between genera

with different cheliceral dentition, suggesting that

these are closely related e.g Harmochirus

(fissident) and Bianor (unident)

Many of the Australian spiders described by

early workers were assigned to Northern

Hemi-sphere genera to which they do not belong In

many cases this has been recognised and new

names have been given or transfers made to other

described genera We recognise that several of the

latter do not belong in these genera either No new

names have been supplied here as it is hoped that

proper diagnoses and revisions of the genera will

accompany such a move The present names of

seven such genera are placed in single inverted

commas to indicate their indeterminate status e.g

'Breda' jovialis

Salticids are seldom less than 2.0mm in length,

most are between 4.0-8.0mm Unlike most spiders

the males often exceed the females in size The

lengths of spiders in the size classes used are as

follows: 'small', less than 4.0mm; 'medium',

4.0-8.0mm; 'large', more than 8.0mm

The following abbreviations are used: ALE,

anterior lateral eyes; AME, anterior median eyes;

PLE, posterior lateral eyes and PME, posterior

median (or middle) eyes

A glossary of most of the terms used may be

found in Davies (1986) Other terms: 'fossa(e)',

the single or paired epigynal indentation(s) within

which the gonopores are situated; 'pars cephalico',

the anterior part of carapace, in front of PLE;

'pars thoracica', the posterior part of carapace,

behind PLE; 'ocular quadrangle', quadrangle

formed by ALE and PLE; 'posterior ocular

quad-rangle', quadrangle formed by PME and PLE

ILLUSTRATIONS

Figures and labels on Plates I arrd 2 show the

general structure of salticids and introduce the

ter-minology used The rest of the illustrations are an

essential part of the keys and should be examined

as these are worked through In almost all

instances, a dorsal view ofthe I is drawn and often

a lateral view of the carapace to show height A

ventral view and a 'cleared' view of the epigynum

are given The latter may be ventral, dorsal or a

combination of both views; sometimes a schematic

drawing showing the course of the insemination

ducts to spermathecae and to fertilization ducts is

included The 6 habitus is occasionally drawn;

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

ventral and retrolateral views of the left palp ofthe d are given Leg I and a chelicera of the d and

I may be drawn The labium and endite(s) areillustrated if they are diagnostic Usually onlystructures that do not appear in Plates I or 2 arelabelled in subsequent Plates An asteriskfollowing the name of the species on the Plateindicates it is the type species of the genus Thedrawings were done by Zabkausing a grid system;some additional illustrations were done by SybilMonteith using a camero lucido

APPENDIX

An appendix gives the geographical localities ofthe specimens that have been drawn Where a 'typespecimen' has been examined the initials of theMuseum where it is deposited is given

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We thank the Council of the Australian ical Resources Study for the financial support ofMarek Zabka while he did the illustrations for thispaper at the Queensland Museum between Julyand October 1987 He supplied some additionaldrawings while holding the Australian MuseumFellowship 1987 /88 in Sydney We are grateful tothe Directorate of the Queensland Museum fortheir support of Sybil Monteith who did supple-mentary drawings (unsigned) and the final lay- out

Biolog-of the illustrations We thank Mr F Wanless forpermission to copy his drawings of g Adoxotomanigroolivacea and 6 Mintonia tauricornis

We are grateful to Dr M Gray for use of severalspiders from the Australian Museum (AM), andthe following colleagues for allowing examination

of types in their collections: Mr F Wanless and

Mr P Hillyard, British Mus.eum of NaturalHistory, London, England (BMNH); Dr G Rack,Zoologisches Institut und Zoologisches Museum,Hamburg, BDR (ZMH); Dr J Heurtault, MuseumNational d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France(MNHP); Dr M Moritz, Museum fur Natur-kunde der Humboldt - Universitat, Berlin, DDR(ZMB); Dr S Langemark, Zoologisk Museum,Universitetspaken, Copenhagen, Denmark(ZMK); Dr Arbocco, Museo Civico di StoriaNaturale, Genoa, Italy (MCG)

We wish to thank the Director, members of theBoard of Trustees and members of the Queens-land Museum for their courtesy and supportduring preparation of this paper

We are grateful to Mr F Wanless who madehelpful comments on the keys at an early stage and

to Professor N.I Platnick and Mr Bruce Campbellwho read, made corrections and suggestedimprovements to the final manuscript

JUMPING SPIDERS

INDEXTO GENERA

1 9 1

A r a s i a S i m o n , 1 9 0 1 1 6

A s t i a L K o c h , 1 8 7 9 1 4

E a v i a S i m o n , 1 8 7 7 1 3

C o c a l u s C L K o c h , 1 8 4 6 4

C o p o c r o s s a S i m o n , 1 9 0 1 1 2 C y r b a S i m o n , 1 8 7 6 6

Damoetas Peckham & Peckham, 1885 I I H e l p i s S i m o n , 1 9 0 1 1 8 J a c k s o n o i d e s W a n l e s s , 1 9 8 8 1 7 L i g o n i p e s K a r s c h , I 8 7 8 7 , 8 M i n t o n i a W a n l e s s , 1 9 8 4 5

M y r m a r a c h n e M a c l e a y , I 8 3 8 1 0 P o r t i a K a r s c h , 1 8 7 8 3

Rhombonotus L Koch, 1879 (reinstated) 9

S o n d r a W a n l e s s , 1 9 8 8 1 9 T a u a l a W a n l e s s , 1 9 8 8 I 5 FISSIDENTATI A d o x o t o m a S i m o n , I 9 0 9 2 7 Canamo Simon, 1903 (reinstated) 29

C y t a e a K e y s e r l i n g , 1 8 8 2 3 0 D i o l e n i u s T h o r e l l , I 8 6 9 2 1 E r g a n e L K o c h , I 8 8 1 2 4 E u r y a t t u s T h o r e l l , I 8 8 I 3 2 H a r m o c h i r u s S i m o n , 1 8 8 5 2 2 H a s a r i u s S i m o n , 1 8 7 I 2 8 O p i s t h o n c u s L K o c h , 1 8 8 0 2 3 S e m a e a S i m o n , I 8 8 7 3 I S i m a e t h a T h o r e l l , I 8 8 I 2 5 S i m a e t h u l a S i m o n , 1 9 0 2 2 6 Tara P eckharn & Peckham, I 885 ?fi UNIDENTATI Plate Bionor Peckham & Peckham, 1885 47

C l y n o t i s S i m o n , l 9 0 l ' , 5 6 C o c c o r c h e s t e s T h o r e l l , I 8 8 1 3 3 C o s m o p h a s i s S i m o n , 1 9 0 1 4 8 F r i g g a C L K o c h , l8 5 l 5 0 G a n g u s S i m o n , 1 9 0 2 5 3 H o l o p l a t y s S i m o n , I 8 8 5 6 1 Hypoblemum Peckham & Peckham, 1885 42

Jotus L Koch, I 881 (reinstated) 46

L y c i d a s K a r s c h , I 8 7 8 + t M a r o t u s K a r s c h , 1 8 7 8 4 0 Margoromma Keyserling, I 882 38

M e n e m e r u s S i m o n , 1 8 6 8 5 5 M o p s u s K a r s c h , 1 8 7 8 , 5 1 O c r i s i o n a S i m o n , l 9 0 l 6 2 O m o e d u s T h o r e l l , I 8 8 1 3 4 P o l p e l i u s S i m o n , 1 9 0 3 3 9 P l e x i p p u s C L K o c h , 1 8 4 6 4 9 Prost heclina Keyserling, I 882 (reinstated) 44

S a n d a l o d e s K e y s e r l i n g , I 8 8 3 5 2 Zenodorus Peckham & Peckham, 1885 35,36,37 Species (Unidentati) requiring revisions before generic resolution 'Breda' jovialis (L Koch, 1879) 58

' Clynot is' alboborbatus (L Koch, I 879) 59

' Lycidas' michaelseni (Simon, I 909) 45

'Menemerus' bracteatus (L Koch, 1879) 57

'Salpesio' squalida (Keyserling, I 883) 43

'Trite' daemelii (Keyserling, I 883) 60

' T r i t e ' l o n g u l a ( T h o r e l l , 1 8 8 l ) 5 4 KEY TO FAMILY SALTICIDAE The family is divided into 3 sections, based on the dentition of the inferior (retro-) margin of the chelicera (Plate l) $eparate keys are then given for each section l Retromargin of chelicera with many teeth, isolated or rn series (p.194) PLURIDENTATI - Retromargin of chelicera with one tooth , 2

2 Cheliceral tooth with 2 cusps, rarely truncated or serrulate Gt.214) FISSIDENTATI

- Cheliceral tooth simple, occasionally absent .(p.230) UNIDENTATI

192 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

JUMPING SPIDERS

tibial apophysis

193

cymbiumbulbtibiapatellafemurtrochanterendite (maxilla)labium

t94 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

PLURIDENTATI _ KEY TO GENERA

l Middle eyes (PME) relatively large; pars cephalica rising steeply to high point at level of PLE 2

- Middle eyes small;pars cepholica flat or rising gradually .4

2 Abdomen with tufts of hair; legs with fanlike fringes (Pl 3\ portio

(northern Australia)

- Abdomen without tufts of hair; legs without obvious fringes : 3

3 Small, low prominence in posterior ocular quadrangle (P1.4) Cocalus

- Thoracic fovea not unusually long ? epigynum otherwise .5

5 Spiders antlike Carapace at least 1.5 x longer than wide; widest part of carapace at or in front

of PLE Abdomen slightly constricted in the anterior third .6

- Spiders not ant-like Carapace not much longer than wide (exc Copocrossa); widest part ofcarapace

Wanless (1978b) gives synonymies of Portio and P Jimbriafa There is an excellent coloured tograph of P fimbriata in Jackson (1985a) showing its strange habitus particularly its tufted tibiae andthin elongate metatarsi and tarsi At rest, in other spiders' webs, it resembles detritus Reports of Portiaspp entering other spiders' webs are documented in Wanless (loc cit.) Coleman (1978) and Murphy(in Wanless 1978b) appear to have been the first persons to observe the web-building of this highlyspecialised salticid The biology of P fimbriala has since been extensively studied by Jackson (1982a)and others Williams and Mclntyre (1980) showed that the anterior median eyes of P fimbriata have

pho-a telephoto component enpho-abling it to increpho-ase the image size and thus assist in the stalking and catchingofprey For further references on behaviour see Jackson and Hallas (1986a)

Wanless (1981) revised Cocalus and described 6 C gibbosus The 9 is figured here for the first time.Opisthoncus, a fissident spider, also has a small prominence in the posterior ocular quadrangle, andoccasionally it has plurident dentition; the structure of the d palps and I epigyna easily distinguish thegenera

Mintonio is recorded from Australia for the first time To give some idea of the 6 palp, drawings of

M tauricornis from Sarawak have been copied from Wanless (1984a)

See Wanless (1984b) for synonymies of Cyrba and C ocellota.In his revision Wanless (loc cit.) givesexcellent micrographs of the abdominal secretory organs of Cyrba spp and discusses their possiblesignificance Jackson and Hallas (1986b) give behavioural data on C algerina, which probably applies

to all Cyrba spp As well as being an effective cursorial predator of insects it invades other spiders'webs to eat them, their eggs and their kleptoparasites Portia, Cocalus, Mintonio and Cyrba are amongthose that Wanless (1984a) has assigned to the sub-family Spartaeinae

r96 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

r98 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

.,I

I

6 CYRBAOCELLATA (KRONEBERG, 1875)

JUMPING SPIDERS 199

P

7 LIGONIPES SP loc Brisbane, southeast Queensland

7

MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

Middle eyes about same distance from anterior and posterior rows; PLE not on edge of carapace,about same distance apart as ALE Ratio of pars cephalica:pars thoracica is 1: l 1 9 insemination

(Discocnemius n.syn Haterias n.syn.)Middle eyes closer to anterior than posterior row; PLE on edge of carapace, more widely separatedthan ALE Ratiopars cephalica:pors thoracica is l:0.5 ? insemination ducts simple

(pl 9) Rhombonotus

9 palp flat, paddle-shaped d chelicerae porrect, elongate Marked drop in carapace height behind

I palp leg-like 6 chelicerae geniculate, bowed Without marked drop in carapace height behind

Small, flat spider; leg I much longer than leg II; tibia I enlarged (Pl 12) Copocrossa

(d unknown)

- Small-large spiders Leg I not much longer than leg II; tibia I not enlarged .10

The 4 plurident ant-mimics Ligonipes, Rhombonotus, Myrmarachne and Damoelas form part of anatural group, the Myrmarachninae The I holotype of L iltustris, type species of Ligonipes is veryfragile and has not been dissected Pr6szyriski (1984: 158) illustrates the habitus ThJspecies drawnhere is probably not illustris, s.strict; 6 Ligonipes is illustrated for the first time Discocnemius Thorell,l88l and Haterius, Simon 19fi) are newly synonymised with Ligonipes Karsch 1878, resulting in newcombinations: D lscertosus = L, lacertosus (Thorell, 1881) and,FL semitectus : L semitectuslsimon,1900) The former is drawn from fresh material from the type locality, see also Pr6szyfski (198a: 35)ithe latter is drawn from I syntype The reasons for the synonymies are the possession of fringed andswollen tibiae I, the length and position of the ventral spines on metatarsus I, the position of the pMEand the similarity of the 9 epigynal structures L Iacertosus and L semitectus may be conspecific.Rhombonotus Koch, 1879 was synonymised with Ligonipes by Simon (1897-1903: 493) It is re-instated as a valid genus differing from Ligonipes in habitus, eye arrangement and in having simpleuncoiled insemination ducts in the 9

The 6 Myrmarachne has strongly developed porrect chelicerae in contrast to the geniculate chelicerae

of the 9 The paddle-shaped 9 palp is fringed with preening setae (Wanless, 1978a) Jackson (1982b,1986a) discusses the biology of M lupato, its display in courtship and mating, its prey and predatorybehaviour

The d palp of Damoetas nitidus is drawn from the type (loc Sydney) The other figures are from a

d collected in Brisbane which may not be nitidus, s.strict The 9 epigynum is from fresh materialcollected in Sydney

The ? Copocrossa illustrated was collected from a cane field at Mission Beach, northern Queensland;

it is almost certainly C tenuilineata The 6 is unknown

9

Q $yntype of Haterius semitectus)

88 LIGON|PES SEMTTECTUS (SIMON, 1900) N COMB

202 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

JUMPING SPIDERS 203

10 MYRMARACHNE SPP loc g Brisbane, dGoomeri, southeast Queensland

204 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

1 1 D A M O E T A S N t T t D U S (1 K O C H , 1 8 8 0 )

d palp (syntype)

JUMPING SPIDERS 205

12 COPOCROSSATENUILTNEATA (S|MON, 1900).

206 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

10 Large (l0mm+) spiders Labium about twice as long as wide Retrolateral protuberance on d

- Abdomen without conspicuous light dorsal patch of setae anterior to anal tubercle 12

12 Anterior surface of tracheal slit with patch of dark hairs; d palp with minute embolus

(pl 15) Tsuala

- Anteriorsurfaceof trachealslitwithoutpatchof darkhairs; d palpwithsmalltoelongateembolus

,3 ;;;;;;;;il;il;;i;;fi, ;;;;;;i;;';;i;;i;tt,;;;;;;;;;;: i,;;;;;;;;f ;;;,;; ;il ii

- Carapace without marked depression in foveal region .15

15 Elongate spiders (especially d) with conspicuous transverse ocular fringe in 6 6 tegulum withslight lobe posteriorly 9 epigynum with strong lateral margins and relatively large triangular pouch(sometimes difficult to see) .(pl lB) Helpis

- Habitus not elongate, without ocular fringe in 6 d tegulum without lobe, usually broad lamellanear base of embolus 9 epigynum without strong lateral margins, without pouch; caudal lobe

Simon (1897-1903: 470) recognised that the type species of Acompse Koch, 1879, A suovis, was ajuniorsynonymof BavioaericepsSimon, lsTT.B.aericepsisfoundonpalmsandothertreesintropicalAustralia It appears to be un-related to other plurident spiders and to have its closest relatives amongthe large unident salticids, Mopsus and, Sqndalodes Jackson (1986b) gives details of the displaibehaviour of the 6 which varies depending on the maturity and location of I ?

The next 6 genera, forming the Astieae, have been revised recently by Wanless (1988) and this part

of the key is a simplified version of his This is the only revision of a group of Australian salticidi to

be undertaken since the original description of Astia Koch, 1879 and Simon's (1897-1903: 438) quent transfer of 2 species as types of the genera, Helpis and, Arosia Mascord (1970, Pl 10, fig 36)shows ? Astia hariola Jacksonoides kocfti (Simon 1900), originally described as Lagnus kochi, is iound

subse-on tree trunks in northern Queensland and is figured here; ,/ queenslandicus is the type species .4sfia,Arasia and Helpis are found in open sclerophyi forests whereas Jocksonoides, rouifa aid Sondra arefrom rainforest areas, the last from leaf litter We believe that Arasia surea does not belong in Arasiaand probably represents a new genus Jackson (1988a) reports that J queenslandlcrz,s invadJs the webs

of other spiders and has a large and complex repertoire of displays used in intra-specific interactions.Regrettably, his paper on the behaviour of I queenslandicus was given page preiedence in the samejournal as Wanless' paper (1988) describing Jacksonoides It is recognised as i nomen nudum in theformer which is corrected in the latter Jackson (1988b) gives an account of the behavio;ulr of Tauolalepidus which spins its nest on the underside of leaves Like Portio, Cyrba and Jacksonoides it is ara-neophagic, kleptoparasitic and oophagic, i.e it may enter other spiders webs to catch spiders, it maytake insects from the webs, and as well eat the eggs of other spiders Sondra is a large genus divided byWanless into 4 species groups

JUMPING SPIDERS 207

13 BAVIA AERICEPS SIMON 1877

-208 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

15 TAUALA LEPIDUS WANLESS 1988

-210 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

16 ARASTA MOLLTCOMA (1 KOCH, 1880) *

2r2 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

0

1 8 H E L P T S M T N T T A B U N D A ( 1 KOCH, 1 8 8 0 ) "

JUMPING SPIDERS 213

Q (oaratvne)

d 6ototype;

1 9 S O N D R A N E P E N T H I C O L A W A N L E S S 1 9 8 8

-214 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

FISSIDENTATI _ KEY TO GENERA

4 small median prominence in posterior ocular quadrangle (pl 23) opisthoncus

- Without median prominence in posterior ocular quadrangle .5

5 Ocular quadrangle clearly much wider behind than in front .6

6' Trifurcate tooth on cheliceral retromargin of 6 Short, thick embolus curved in anti-clockwise

(? unknown)

- Bifurcate tooth on cheliceral retromargin of 9, d Long spiniform embolus if anti-clockwise, or

The dorsal view of Tara anomala is copied from the illustration in Koch and Keyserling

(1871-1883) There are some undescribed ? I6 6 of a small, flat spider, usually shaken from foliage, which

have a similar d palp to that of Tara anomalo but do not have such elongate coxa and trochanter I

Until 9 T anomalais known these cannot be assigned with certainty to Taro and.have not been figured.

Diolenius, a fly-mimic is found on the leaves of palms, ginger and other plants in north Queensland

The spider moves backwards, its elongate front legs resembling the wings of a fly

Harmochirus is recorded from Australia for the first time It appears to be closely related to the

unident genus Bionor They have similar body shapes, 3 palpal and I epigynal structure Bionorlacks

swelling and heavy fringing on tibia I

Opisthoncus is widespread in Australia with more than twenty described species A few species have

separate teeth (plurident) on the cheliceral retromargin rather than one divided tooth The d chelicera

often has ventral and dorsal as well as marginal teeth

Ergane cognato is known only from the d holotype from Pellew Is in the Gulf of Carpentaria,

Northern Territory The dorsal view is copied from the illustration in Koch and Keyserling(loc cit.)

216 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

21 DIOLENIUS SP loc Cape York Peninsula, north eueensland

2t8 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

23 OPISTHONCUS PARCEDENTATUS L KOCH.1880

-220 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

PLE about middle of carapace PME not much further from PLE than from ALE 9, 6 sternum

PLE behind middle of carapace PME much further from PLE than from ALE Sternum without

Five pairs of ventral spines on 9 tibia I .(pl 27) Adoxotoma

(6 unknown)Rarely more than 3 pairs of ventral spines on 9 tibia I, never 5 pairs .9

Embolus short, uncoiled Epigynum small and indistinct .(Pl 28) Hasarius

(introduced)Embolus coiled in anti-clockwise direction (in left palp) Epigynum clearly defindd 10

6 chelicera long, porrect ? epigynal fossa without clear median guide (Pl 29) Canama

(northern Australia)

I chelicerae, geniculate 9 epigynum with paired fossae, clear median guide 11

Frontal surface of chelicera rounded I insemination ducts clearly evident through the integument,

posterior to fossae d embolus 2-coiled; tegulum almostas wide as long (Pl 30) CytaeaFrontal surface of chelicera rounded or flat ? insemination ducts hardly if at all evident, level

with fossae d embolus with single coil; tegulum clearly longer than wide 12Frontal surface of chelicera iounded 6 chelicera bowed prolaterally with transverse ridges 6

tegulum with lobe posteriorly; embolus pointed 6 endite with retrolateral protuberance

(pl.3l) SemaeaChelicerae flat-fronted, smooth 6 chelicerae straight-edged without ridges d tegulum without

:::::::::::lir :::::: ::Tllilllli'l: 1 ::::::l:T:::::::ii::::l::ll1l"[3lT,i iiiil,ii

Simaetha spp are medium-sized spiders that are commonly found in small webs under the bark of

eucalypts Jackson (1985c) discusses their web-building, predatory and intraspecific behaviours

Simoethula is a small spider closely related to Simaetha

Hasarius adonsoni, an introduced spider, is often the first spider to colonise new buildings in Brisbane

Adoxotoma, usually regarded as a plurident spider because the carapace resembles that of the Astieae,

is placed here because ofits fissident retromarginal dentition The I is unusual having strong spination

(without swelling) on tibia I The 6 is not known Apart from the drawings of the epigynum and leg I,

the illustrations are copied from Wanless (1988) who, in his revision of the Astieae, did not assignAdoxotoma to a sub-family

The 9 Canamo hinnuleus is illustrated for the first time Pr6szyrlski (1984) transferred C hinnuleus

to Bathippus and later (1987 in index) synonymised C forceps, the type species with Bathippus cervus

We believe that Canama is a valid genus that differs in cheliceral and epigynal structure ftom Bathippus

(see B sedatus and B shelfurdi in Zabka, 1988)

Cytaeo spp are found in grassland and on the leaves of shrubs and trees The abdominal hairs are

often rubbed off in preserved specimens which thus show less pattern

Simon (1887: crxxxvt) provided the replacement name Servaea for Scaea L Koch, 1879 praeocc

Semaea vestita is found under the loose bark of eucalypts The spider (as Plexippus validus) in Mascord

(1970, Pl ll, fig.42) is probably Servaea

There are several undescribed Euryattus spp in Australia Jackson (1985b) discusses the biology of

one from northern Queensland rainforest and its practice of using a suspended curled leaf as its nest

JUMPING SPIDERS 221

conical orominence

25 SIMAETHATHORACICA THORELL, 1881

-222 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

26 SIMAETHULA SPP loc g Cape Tribulation, north Queensland,

d Brisbane, southeast Queensland

-224 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

d palpal tibia

.;;:i1,.": : :,:.:r,.r.:q:rlilr+jr:"irll:@F-s

28 HASARIUS ADANSONI(SAV|GNY & AUDOUtN, 1825) "

226 MEMOIRS OF THE QUEENSLAND MUSEUM

30 CYTAEAALBURNA

JUMPING SPIDERS 221

31 SERVAEAVESTITA (1 KOCH, 1879).