Employee training and development 5th chapter 08

 New training delivery and instructional methods include:online learning e-learning distance learning simulations virtual reality expert systems electronic support systems learni

Chapter 8 E-Learning and Use of Technology in

Training

 New technologies have made it possible to:

reduce the costs associated with delivering training

increase the effectiveness of the learning

 New training delivery and instructional methods include:

online learning (e-learning)

distance learning

simulations

virtual reality

expert systems

electronic support systems

learning management systems

Technology’s Influence on

Training and Learning (cont.)

 Benefits of Technology

Employees can gain control over when and

where they receive training

Employees can access knowledge and expert systems on an as-needed basis

The learning environment can look, feel, and sound just like the work environment

Employees can choose the type of media they want to use in a training program

Technology’s Influence on

Training and Learning (cont.)

Traditional training methods can be delivered

to trainees rather than requiring them to

come to a central training location

Technology’s Influence on

Training and Learning (cont.)

 Digital collaboration

use of technology to enhance and extend

employees’ abilities to work together

regardless of their geographic proximity

can be synchronous or asynchronous

Technology’s Influence on

Training and Learning (cont.)

 Prior to the introduction of new

technology:

Trainees played a passive role in learning

Interaction among learners occurred primarily outside the training room and tended to be

limited

 Due to technology, learning has become

a more dynamic process.

Instructor is more of a coach and resource

person

Technology’s Influence on

Training and Learning (cont.)

Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning

Environments

Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning

Environments

Figure 8.1 - Types of Learning

Environments

Technology and Multimedia

audiovisual training methods with

computer-based training.

Table 8.2 - Advantages and

Disadvantages of Multimedia Training

Computer-Based Training

 It is an interactive training experience in which:

the computer provides the learning stimulus

the trainee must respond

the computer analyzes the responses and

provides feedback to the trainee

 It includes interactive video, CD-ROM,

and online learning.

CD-ROMs and DVDs utilize a laser to read

text, graphics, audio, and video off an

aluminum disk

Computer-Based Training (cont.)

Interactive video - instruction is provided

one-on-one to trainees via a monitor

connected to a keyboard

Online learning, or e-learning - instruction

and delivery of training by computer online through the Internet or the Web

Internet-based or Web-based, training -

training delivered on public or private computer networks and displayed by a Web browser.

Intranet-based training - training that uses the

company’s own computer network; accessible only

to the company’s employees

Figure 8.3 - Potential Features of E-Learning

Table 8.3 - Advantages of

E-Learning

Table 8.4 - Research Results Regarding the Effectiveness of Online Learning

Table 8.5 - Factors Limiting the

Use of E-Learning

Table 8.6 - Tips for Developing

Effective Online Learning

Table 8.6 - Tips for Developing

Effective Online Learning

Table 8.7 - Principles for

Designing E-Learning

Computer-Based Training (cont.)

 Technology for collaboration and linking

Bandwidth - number of bytes and bits

(information) that can travel between

computers per second

Online learning should try to build in

interactivity without requiring the use of

plug-ins - additional software that needs to

be loaded on the computer to listen to sound

or watch video

Computer-Based Training (cont.)

 Technology for collaboration and linking

Hyperlinks - links that allow a trainee to

access other Web sites that include printed

materials as well as communications links to experts, trainers, and other learners

Learning portals – Web sites or online

learning centers that provide, via e-commerce transactions, access to training courses,

services, and online learning communities

from many sources

Table 8.8 - Common Ways of

Collaboration in Online Learning

provides increased learner control.

allows for self-directedness

requires learners to take more responsibility for their learning

Blended Learning (cont.)

 In comparison to pure online learning,

blended learning provides:

more face-to-face social interaction

ensures that at least some of the instruction

is presented in a dedicated learning

environment

Blended Learning (cont.)

Advantages Disadvantages

 Provides live feedback

from peers which is

preferable to feedback

received online.

 Capitalizes on the positive

learning features inherent

in both face-to-face and

Web-based instruction.

 Demanding—requires greater time commitment.

 Fast-changing technology.

 Insufficient management support and commitment.

 Difficult to understand and implement.

humans that are used as imaginary

coaches, coworkers, and customers in

simulations.

Table 8.9 – Types of Simulations

Simulations (cont.)

Advantages Disadvantages

 Eliminates the need to travel to a

central training location.

 Meaningful—gets trainees

involved in learning, and are

emotionally engaging.

 Simulators provide a consistent

message of what needs to be

learned.

 Can safely put employees in

situations that would be

dangerous in the real world.

 Results in positive outcomes as

shorter training times and

increased ROI.

 High development costs.

 Trainees may not be comfortable

in learning situations that lack human contact.

Simulations (cont.)

Advantages Disadvantages Virtual reality -

putting themselves

or others in danger.

 More memory available for learning.

 Poor equipment that results in a reduced sense of presence.

 Poor presence may result in the trainee experiencing

simulator sickness.

Simulations (cont.)

Advantages Disadvantages Virtual worlds-

 Useful for teaching interpersonal skills.

 Motivates learners by making learning fun and interactive.

 Enhances transfer of training.

 Used for e-learning, collaboration, and meetings.

 Lack of ease of use for first-time users.

 Potential risk of a difficult keyboard and mouse interface.

 High investment of time and money required for

programming content.

 Lack of evidence supporting its effectiveness for learning.

Mobile Technology and Training

Methods: iPods, PDAs

 Mobile technology consists of:

Wireless transmission systems (Wi-Fi and

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

(ITS) (cont.)

 Different from other new training

technologies in several ways:

Has the ability to match instruction to

individual student needs

Can communicate and respond to the student

Can model the trainee’s learning process

Can decide, on the basis of a trainee’s

previous performance, what information to

provide

 Different from other new training

technologies in several ways:

Can make decisions about the trainee’s level

Figure 8.4 - Components of

Intelligent Tutoring Systems

Distance Learning

 It involves two types of technology:

Teleconferencing - synchronous exchange

of audio, video, and/or text between two or more individuals or groups at two or more

locations

Interactive distance learning (IDL) -

latest generation of distance learning, which uses satellite technology to broadcast

programs to different locations and allows

trainees to respond to questions posed during the training program using a keypad

Distance Learning (cont.)

 Advantages:

Company saves on travel costs

Allows employees in geographically dispersed sites to receive training from experts who

would not otherwise be available to visit each location

Table 8.10 - Conditions When Training Support Technologies are Most Needed

Technologies for Training Support

organizes and applies the knowledge of human experts to specific problems.

It has three elements:

 A knowledge base.

 A decision-making capability.

 A user interface.

Technologies for Training Support (cont.)

track, share, and organize information

and to work on the same document

simultaneously.

Companies use groupware to improve

business processes, to improve meeting

effectiveness, as well as to identify and share knowledge in the organization

Technologies for Training

Administration

conventional personal computer to create

an automated phone response system.

them electronically, and retrieving them.

to track information related to training

administration, employee skills,

employees’ training activities, online

learning, and transfer of training.

Learning Management Systems: Systems for Training Delivery, Support, and Administration

- a technology platform that can be used

to automate the administration,

development, and delivery of all of a

company’s training programs.

Table 8.12 - Features of Learning Management Systems (LMSs)

Learning Management Systems: Systems for

Training Delivery, Support, and Administration

(cont.)

 Advantages of LMSs:

Reduces travel and training related costs

Reduces time for program completion

Increase employees’ accessibility to training across the business

Provides administrative capabilities to track program completion and course enrollments

Allows companies to track all learning activity

in the business

Learning Management Systems: Systems for

Training Delivery, Support, and Administration

Track regulatory compliance

Measure training usage and employee

performance

Learning Management Systems: Systems for

Training Delivery, Support, and Administration

(cont.)

 Developing on LMS

Senior management needs to be convinced that an LMS will benefit employees, improve business functions, and contribute to overall business strategies and goals

The company must have an e-learning

culture

The online learning environment needs to be under the control of the learner

Choosing New Technology

Training Methods

 New technology training methods should

be considered when:

Sufficient budget and resources are provided

Trainees are geographically dispersed

Trainees are comfortable using technology

It is a part of the company’s business strategy and suits its culture

Employees have a difficult time attending

scheduled training programs

Current training methods allow limited time

for practice, feedback, and assessment

Table 8.13 - Comparison of

Technology-based Training Methods