Một số tính từ mang nghĩa phủ định được thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố trước tính từ:... Một số tính từ kép được thành lập bằng cách kết hợp một danh từ với một quá khứ phân từ: Ex: ma
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WORD FAMILIES
A NOUNS
I Thành lập danh từ: (Noun formations)
1 Thêm các hậu tố vào sau động từ
Ex: -tion/-ation: (to) prevent prevention; invent invention; conserve conservation
-ment : develop development; improve improvement; employ employment
-ence/-ance: different difference; attend attendance; appear appearance
-er/-or : drive driver; teach teacher; dry dryer; edit editor
-ar/-ant/-ee: beg beggar; lie liar; assist assistant; employ employee
-ing : build building (việc xây dựng, tòa nhà); understand understanding (sự hiểu biết)
-age : drain drainage; use usage
2 Thêm các hậu tố vào sau danh từ:
Ex: -ship : friend friendship; owner ownership
-ism : capital capitalism; Marx Marxism
3 Thêm các hậu tố vào sau tính từ:
Ex: -ity : possible possibility; real reality; national nationality
-ism : social socialism; feudal feudalism; surreal surrealism (chủ nghĩa siêu thực)
-ness : rich richness; happy happiness; willing willingness
4 Một số danh từ được thành lập bằng cách thêm các tiền tố vào trước một danh từ khác:
Ex: super- : man superman; structure superstructure (kiến trúc thượng tầng)
under- : clothes underclothes; weight underweight
sur- : face surface; name surname
sub- : way subway; contract subcontract; marine submarine
II Vị trí của danh từ:
- Chủ ngữ của câu Ex: History is an exciting subject
- Sau tính từ hay tính từ sở hữu Ex: He is a good teacher; That is my car
- Sau “enough” Ex: We haven’t got enough money
-Sau các mạo từ “a/an/the”, các từ hạn định “this/that/these/those/each/every/both/no/…”
He can find no solution to his financial troubles
*Lưu ý cấu trúc: a/an/the + adj + noun (a long time; an ugly woman; a small wooden table)
- Sau giới từ (in, on, of, with,…) Ex: The case is under investigation He has a good knowledge of science
-Sau các từ chỉ số lượng (few, a few, a little, little, some, any, much, many, most,…)
Ex: Most boys like playing football She gave me a few crayons
B ADJECTIVES
I Thành lập tính từ:
1 Thêm các hậu tố vào sau danh từ:
Ex: -ful : harm harmful; use useful; beauty beautiful
-less : child childless; hope hopeless; odor odorless (không có mùi hương) (ý phủ định)
-ly : man manly; hour hourly; friend friendly (có vẻ, có tính chất,…)
-like : child childlike; life lifelike; god godlike ( giống như, tương tự)
-y : rain rainy; health healthy; sand sandy ( có nhiều)
-ish : fool foolish; self selfish; child childish (giống như, có tính chất của)
-al : magic magical; industry industrial; nature natural (thuộc về)
-ous : poison poisonous; danger dangerous
-able : fashion fashionable; value valuable
2 Thêm hậu tố vào sau động từ:
Ex: -ive : act active; attract attractive
-able/-ible: accept acceptable; eat eatable, edible; comprehend comprehensible
3 Thêm tiền tố vào trước tính từ:
Ex: super- : natural supernatural; sonic supersonic (siêu âm)
under-: done underdone; developed underdeveloped
over- : anxious overanxious; crowded overcrowded
sub- : conscious subconscious
4 Một số tính từ mang nghĩa phủ định được thành lập bằng cách thêm tiền tố trước tính từ:
Trang 2WORDS & ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY Ex: un- (unhappy, uncertain); in- (indirect, independent); im- (impatient, impolite); ir- (irregular, irrational, irresponsible); il- (illegal, illiterate, illogical); dis- (dishonest, discourteous (bất lịch sự), disaffected (bất mãn))
5 Một số tính từ kép được thành lập bằng cách kết hợp một danh từ với một quá khứ phân từ:
Ex: man + made man-made (Nhân tạo); snow + covered snow-covered (phủ đầy tuyết)
Horse + pulled horse-pulled (do ngựa kéo) corn + fed corn-fed (nuôi bằng ngô)
6 Dùng “well/ill” kết hợp với một quá khứ phân từ:
Ex: well + done well-done (nấu chin); well + known well-known (nổi tiếng)
ill + bred ill-bred (vô giáo dục); ill + founded ill-founded (vô căn cứ)
II Vị trí của tính từ:
1 Trước danh từ: ADJ + Noun (mechanical engineer, lovely girl, warm bed, sleepless night)
2 Sau hệ từ (linking verb): be, get, seem, appear, feel, taste, look, stay, become
Ex: She is beautiful He felt upset The soup tastes really delicious
3 Keep/make + Object + ADJ
Ex: The news made her happy
Remember to keep your hands warm
4 Sau “too” Be/seem/look/taste/… + too + ADJ …
Ex: He is too short to join the team
5 Trước “enough” Be + ADJ + enough
Ex: The water isn’t hot enough
6 Trong cấu trúc “so…that”
Be + so + ADJ + that …
Ex: He was so angry that he couldn’t speak
7 Dùng dưới dạng so sánh Tính từ dài thường đứng sau “more, the most, less, as…as”
Ex: He is as deaf as a post Meat is more expensive than fish
8 Trong câu cảm thán
How + ADJ + S + V or What + (a/an) + ADJ + Noun!
Ex: How nice the girl is! What an interesting film!
C VERBS
I Thành lập động từ:
1 Thêm “ize” (American English) hoặc “ise” (British English) vào sau danh từ hoặc tính từ:
Ex: social socialize (xã hội hóa); modern modernize (hiện đại hóa); symbol symbolize
2 Thêm tiền tố “out-” (ở mức độ cao hơn, tốt hay nhanh hơn,…) vào nội động từ để tạo ra một ngoại động từ (động từ cần có tân ngữ trực tiếp theo sau)
Ex: grow outgrow (lớn hơn); live outlive (sống lâu hơn); weigh outweigh (nặng hơn)
3 Thêm tiền tố “en-” (gây ra, làm cho, đưa vào) vào trước tính từ, danh từ hay một động từ khác
Ex: rich enrich; danger endanger; force enforce (ép buộc, thực thi)
Hậu tố “-en” cũng được thêm vào sau một số tính từ để tạo ra động từ:
Ex: tight tighten; sharp sharpen; weak weaken
4 Thêm tiền tố vào động từ:
Ex: over- : act overact; pay overpay; work overwork; throw overthrow (lật đổ)
under- : pay underpay; go undergo; estimate underestimate
super- : impose superimpose (đặt lên trên cùng); intend superintend (giám sát)
II Vị trí của động từ:
Vị trí của động từ trong câu rất dễ nhận biết vì nó thường đứng sau chủ ngữ
Ex: Tom’s behavior improved at his new school
I believe her because she always tells the truth
The film which was shown last Sunday attracted me
D ADVERBS
I Thành lập trạng từ:
Trạng từ thường được thành lập bằng cách thêm “-ly” vào sau tính từ
Ex: Beautiful beautifully ; careless carelessly; strong strongly; bad badly
Lưu ý một số trạng từ đặc biệt:
Ex: good well late late (trễ)/lately (gần đây) earlyearly
fast fast hard hard (chăm chỉ)/hardly (hiếm khi) free free (miễn phí)/freely (một cách thoải mái, tự do)
II Vị trí của trạng từ:
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1 Sau trợ động từ (auxiliary verbs) và trước động từ thường (ordinary verbs)
Auxiliary Verb + ADV + V
Ex: The picture has definitely stolen He drives carefully along the narrow road
2 Trước tính từ
Be/feel/look + ADV + adj
Ex: I’m truthfully grateful for your help It’s a reasonably cheap restaurant
3 Sau “too” : V + too + ADV
Ex: They walked too slowly to catch the bus
4 Trong cấu trúc “so…that” V + so +ADV + that …
Ex: She sang so beautifully that everybody applauded
5 Đứng cuối câu S + V (+O) + ADV
Ex: She speaks English perfectly It is raining heavily
6 Trước “enough” V + ADV + enough
Ex: He plays well enough to win the competition
7 Trạng từ đôi khi đứng một mình ở đầu hoặc giữa câu và cách câu bằng dấu phầy
Ex: Suddenly, she heard a strange voice
She felt ill She went to work, however, and try to concentrate
Practice: Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences:
1 She is _ in asking for bigger salary She has worked hard
2 Learning English has become a in our country
A necessary B necessity C necessitate D necessarily
3 English is the language of international
A communicate B communicative C communication D communicatively
4 English is outnumbered by Chinese
5 There were too many _ nationalities in my class and we had to speak English
A differs B differences C difference D different
6 He was right when he said that the man was guilty
7 It is _ to regard any language as the property of a particular nation
A reason B reasonable C unreasonable D reasoned
8 Fortunately, the plane landed after the violent storm
9 In this course, students receive in the basic English grammar
A instruct B instruction C instructional D instructive
10 Most children are ill-prepared for
11 He is _ with his new job
A occupy B occupational C occupation D occupied
12 Nothing could _ him
A satisfy B satisfied C satisfaction D satisfactory
13 Daisy does the housework
A disappoint B disappointed C disappointingly D disappointment
14 She did the job _
15 My teacher always gives us a clear
A explain B explaining C explanatory D explanation
16 Getting such a well-paid job is beyond my _
17 He has very little of history
A understand B understood C understanding D understandable
18 Would you accept her ?
A invite B invited C inviting D invitation
19 This room has to be _
20 In many cities around the world , _ is a serious problem
A pollute B polluted C polluting D pollution
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21 The _ development leads to our country’s prosperity
A industry B industries C industrial D industrialize
22 Forests provide timber, one of Man’s most resources
23 These chemicals are They can cause death or illness if taken into the body
24 We have to the natural resources of our country
A conserve B conservation C conservative D conserving
25 Does the earth have enough resources to support people?
26 Exhaust fumes from motor vehicles _ the air
27 She decided to her studies after obtaining her first degree
28 I'm always _ about his kindness
A suspiciously B suspiciousness C suspicion D suspicious
29 It was one of the most experiences I’ve ever had
A fright B frighten C frightened D frightening
30 All the countries should act to stop the _ of rainforests
A destroy B destruction C destructive D destructively
31 He felt _ at being the center of attention
A embarrass B embarrassed C embarrassing D embarrassment
32 Mrs Feng felt very _ towards her son
A protected B protecting C protection D protective
SIMILAR WORDS
Similar words are often confusing if they have similar meanings but cannot be interchanged Sometimes they have
the same root, prefix (tiền tố), or suffix (hậu tố) Sometimes they have similar spelling
We should focus or pay attention to the grammatical structure and the meaning of the whole sentence to determine which one is the correct answer to be chosen
Practice 1: Below are some confusing word pairs Choose the correct words to fill the blanks:
1 misused (badly, wrongly used) vs disused (no longer used)
Ex: Be careful of this word It is often _
The goods were stored in a cinema
2 unreadable (too boring or too badly written to read) vs illegible (physically impossible to read)
Ex: His hand-writing is so bad that it is
The book is long, uninteresting and not very well-written I find it _
I think her novels are _ The style is awful and the plots are ridiculous
3 dependent (depending) vs dependant (person who depends on another for home, money, food)
Ex: The signing of the contract is _ on whether you can guarantee delivery of the goods within three months The empire consisted of the kingdom and all its _ colonies
You are entitled to receive a government allowance for each who is living with you
4 historic (important in history) vs historical (concerning history)
Ex: She likes _ novels, especially romances set in the 16th and 17th centuries
In 1945 there was a meeting of the world leaders which changed the course (quá trình) of world events
5 immigration (coming into a country to settle) vs emigration (leaving a country to settle elsewhere)
Ex: If we don’t restrict _ into this country, the pressure on our social services will be intolerable
When times were hard in Britain, there was very large to Australia and Canada
6 dissatisfied (discontented, displeased, not satisfied with quality)
unsatisfied (unfulfilled, not satisfied with quantity)
Ex: He ate a meal large enough for three normal people but his appetite was still
I’m very _ with this computer It keeps breaking down
If you are with the service, you should complain
Demand for the new car is still _ in spite of an increase in production
7 suit (be suitable for) vs suite /swiːt/ (group of things belonging together, set) (dãy, bộ)
Ex: Will 8 o’clock you or shall I come later?
She took a of rooms at the Riverside Hotel
8 prophecy (prediction, noun) vs prophesy (predict, verb)
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Ex: I _ that he will pass the exam and get a good job You shouldn’t worry
I will make a _ There will be a new government in less than a year
9 device (new invention, means of doing something, noun) vs devise (invent, verb)
Ex: A _ can be attached to a private telephone which keeps a record of all call made and their cost
He managed to a system of bonus payments to encourage hard-working staff
10 electric (using electricity for power) vs electrical (related to electricity)
Ex: Mark must have been very delighted since his father bought him an _ guitar
My cousin is learning _ engineering at this university
11 exhausting (very tiring) vs exhaustive (very thorough, complete)
Ex: _ tests were carried out to discover the cause of the plane’s engine failure
The older members of the group found the journey quite
He never stops talking He is an person to be with
12 disinterested (impartial (không thiên vị) vs uninterested (bored, apathetic (lãnh đạm))
Ex: I don’t know why he didn’t go to the exhibition Perhaps he was too busy or just
The management and the union asked a completely _ party to mediate between them
13 council (district government) vs counsel (to advise; kind of lawyer in court)
Ex: I have complained to the local _ about the poor condition of the pavement
The job of a Vocational Guidance Officer is to _ young people on their careers
14 unknown (not known) vs infamous (notorious, shameful, famous for sth considered bad)
Ex: Joseph Jackson was an mass-murder of Victorian times
The film was almost _ ten years ago but now it is famous for its high-quality products
15 certainly (definitely, really) vs surely (used to express surprise, doubt, relief)
Ex: _you aren’t going out like that, are you?
I am _ not inviting Tom to my party I’ve never liked her
16 dairy (related to milk products) vs diary (daily record of events)
Ex: He kept a from the age of 13 to 21
No, we don’t grow wheat or vegetables It’s a _ farm We have about 300 cows
17 compliment (to praise, piece of praise) vs complement (add to, go together)
Ex: He lacks confidence and she is a strong person They _ each other very well
I’d like to _ you on your stellar (= excellent) performance
He paid her a nice _ on her new dress
18 first (1st item in list) vs at first (initial attitude before change)
Ex: _boil the water, then add salt, then put in the potatoes, then…
He found the job difficult , but soon got used to it
_they didn’t like their new boss
19 lastly (final item in a list) vs at last (final result)
Ex: then stir the mixture in the saucepan, then leave for 5 minutes and add sugar
_ I succeeded in making him understand
20 eatable (good enough to eat, though not excellent) vs edible (suitable or safe for eating)
Ex: Only the leaves of the plant are _
Her cooking skill is not very good However, I think her dishes are _
Practice 2: Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D for each sentence
1 The class teacher punished disobedient pupils _
2 It was a great to study under such an outstanding teacher
3 We all like Professor Brecht because of his great _ of humor
4 He has been teaching music for years, even though he hasn’t got any
A experience B experiment C qualifications D examinations
5 He went to Australia hoping to find a teaching without too much difficulty
6 Teachers have been told to good behavior in their classes
7 Some people are against informality at lectures but, personally, I the idea
8 When you are an old age pensioner, you have to learn to _ a very small income
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9 People work mainly to money
10 She gives each of her children fifty pence a week money
11 Tax deprives the state of several million pounds a year
A retention (sự giữ lại) B desertion (đào ngũ) C evasion (trốn thuế) D escapism (sự thoát ly)
12 We don’t take cheques, so you’ll have to pay in _
13 Whenever he writes to his mother, he _ a cheque with his letter
14 You’d better stop spending money, _ you’ll end up in debt
15 The dealer wanted $400, I wanted to pay $300, and we finally agreed to the difference
16 Could you lend me some money? I’m very _ of cash at the moment
17 Unless the Prime Minister the warning, inflation will rise rapidly
18 I don’t get paid for ages and I’ve _ money already!
19 Christine _ her money from the ATM and went on a big shopping spree
20 State pensions are currently at the center of a(n) debate
21 The architect’s work was not superb, but he charged an enormous _
22 Adults have to pay $5 to get in, but children under 14 are
23 I don’t have any cash just now I’m _
24 Before you can start a business, you’ll have to raise the necessary _
25 I’m afraid we can’t raise your salary this year The company is operating in a very _ budget
26 My friends have just moved to a new flat in a residential area on the _ of Paris
27 The house is part of his _ from his aunt
28 James could no longer bear the surroundings of the old house
A domineering (áp bức) B pressing C oppressive (ngột ngạt) D overbearing
29 They couldn’t _ to buy that exorbitant house
30 The cottage has got a thatched _
31 He lives in his bachelor flat in Mayfair
32 The move to a different environment had brought about a significant _ in Mary’s state of mind
33 Don’t live on the main road unless you have good against noise
34 The town stands mainly in the left of the river
35 I love to round the old part of the town, enjoying its peace and quiet
36 The current _ of this town is about 350 000
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WORDS IN CONTEXT
You have to base on the context to choose the most suitable words to fill in the blanks:
1 The tiger's roar could be heard in villages far away What does roar probably mean?
A food a tiger eats B a tiger's dream C a tiger's ear D a sound a tiger makes
2 The thought of eating a rat is abhorrent to most people What does abhorrent probably mean?
3 My absent-minded teacher loses his keys, his book and his chalk almost every day!
What does it mean to be absent-minded?
4 You can trust the salesmen at that store because they always conduct business in an aboveboard manner
What does aboveboard probably mean?
A openly B sneaky (lén lút, vụn trộm) C strange D repugnant (ghê tởm)
5 Petra has so many friends because she is a gregarious person What does gregarious probably mean?
6 The lovely egret is in danger of extinction because clothing manufacturers use their long, beautiful tail feathers to
make ladies' hats What is an egret?
A a small child B a type of food C a type of bird D an alligator
7 I can't believe it! Right in the middle of our conversation, Peter turned around abruptly and walked out of the
room! What does abruptly probably mean?
8 After the harvest, we had an abundant amount of apples We made apple pie, apple sauce, and apple juice because
we had so many apples! What does abundant probably mean?
9 When Sara was sick, her voice was almost inaudible We couldn't hear what she was trying to say clearly
What does inaudible probably mean?
10 The hill was too arduous for us to climb We had to walk our bicycles up the hill What does arduous probably
mean?
A tall, sharp B fun, exciting C easy, not challenging D difficult, steep
11 She often stands in front of the mirror in her bedroom, holding the bottle as if it's a microphone and belting out
songs She is trying to emulate her favorite singers What does emulate mean?
12 Bill has got a sprained foot, he tries to step on it very gingerly, not wanting to put all his weight on it and make
things worse What does gingerly mean?
13 Some people don’t know how to eat properly Their table manners are very _
A charming B edifying (tính giáo dục) C didactic (tính mô phạm) D shameful
14 Peter is certainly the best student in the class He can figure out in minutes problems that may take his peers half
an hour He is really _
15 A girl can only hear “I love you” so many times before it begins to sound hackneyed and meaningless
What does hackneyed mean?
16 The crowd was _when the firefighter carried the woman from the flaming building
1 Ta sử dụng trạng từ (adverbs) với động từ, tính từ hoặc trạng từ khác Chúng cho ta biết điều gì xảy ra cách nào,
khi nào, ở đâu hoặc xảy ra thường xuyên thế nào
2 Adverbs of frequency (trạng từ chỉ tần số thường xuyên xảy ra)
Adverbs of frequency cho ta biết tần số điều gì đó thường xuyên xảy ra Trạng từ loại này gồm: always, ever, often,
usually, sometimes, seldom/rarely, hardly ever, never
Jim is always the first to arrive
Have you ever played squash?
Adverbs of frequency thường đứng sau be và trợ động từ, nhưng trước động từ chính
Sometimes và usually cũng có thể đứng ở đầu câu;
Sometimes we play cricket on Friday
Usually Laura and I walk to school together
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Ta cũng có thể sử dụng every day, once hoặc cụm từ như twice/three times a week khi nói về tần số thường xuyên
xảy ra Các cụm từ này có thể đứng đầu câu hoặc cuối câu:
Every Thursday we have lunch together I play bridge twice a week
3 Adverbs of time (trạng từ chỉ thời gian)
Trạng từ chỉ thời gian giải thích sự việc xảy ra khi nào Trạng từ loại này gồm today, yesterday, tomorrow, early, late Chúng thường đứng cuối câu:
Today, yesterday, tomorrow và afterwards cũng có thể đứng đầu câu:
Yesterday it rained all day Today we studied the life of frogs
Cụm từ thông dụng được sử dụng làm trạng từ chỉ thời gian gồm:
on Friday, v.v last Friday, v.v next Friday, v.v
in January, v.v in 1999, v.v for two years, v.v
4 Adverbs of place (trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn)
Trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn cho ta biết sự việc xảy ra ở đâu Trạng từ loại này gồm here, there, in, out, away, abroad, back, around, somewhere, everywhere, outside, inside, upstairs, downstairs Chúng thường đứng cuối câu: We’re going to meet here/there Her grandparents live abroad
Ta có thể sử dụng nhiều cụm từ làm trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn:
on the roof in the park at the bus stop
along the road to Paris into the room
5 Adverbs of manner (trạng từ chỉ cách thức)
Trạng từ chỉ cách thức cho ta biết sự việc diễn ra thế nào Chúng thường đi sau động từ hoặc sau túc từ:
She sings beautifully His sister doesn’t speak French well
Các trạng từ ngắn tận cùng bằng -ly cũng có thể đứng giữa chủ từ và động từ nếu chúng không phải là thông tin
chính:
I quickly realized that there was a problem The examiner quietly helped Marie to gather her papers
6 Khi có nhiều hơn một trạng từ đứng sau động từ, thứ tự thông thường là cách thức, nơi chốn, thời gian:
Everyone went slowly upstairs (manner, place) We worked hard in the garden yesterday (manner, place, time)
PRACTICE:
I Choose the best answer for each question:
1 I hate vegetables I _ eat carrots
2 Robert goes to the gym only two or three times a year He goes to the gym
3 I never lend money to Curtis He pays me back
4 His boss gives him bonuses
5 She is waiting for the feedback from them
6 Susan goes to the beach whenever she can She _ misses a chance to go to the ocean
7 It almost always rains in Seattle The sun shines there
8 Teresa is not a pleasant person She is _ in a bad mood
9 The manager tries to be fair and unbiased
10 My brother Peter _ optimistic since he was demoted
A has been rarely B rarely been C has rarely been D rarely has been
II Rewrite each sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its correct position
1 Have you been to London? (ever) ………
2 Peter doesn't get up before seven (usually) ………
3 They go swimming in the lake (sometimes) ………
4 The weather is bad in November (always) ………
5 Peggy and Frank are late (usually) ………
6 John watches TV (seldom) ………
7 I was in contact with my sister (often) ………
8 She will love him (always) ………
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WORD FAMILIES
1 C reasonable
2 B necessity
3 C communication
4 B easily
5 D different
6 C reasonably
7 C unreasonable
8 D safely
9 B instruction
10 C employment
11 D occupied
12 A satisfy
13 C disappointingly
14 D successfully
15 D explanation
16 D expectation
17 C understanding
18 D invitation
19 D enlarged
20 D pollution
21 C industrial
22 B invaluable
23 B poisonous
24 A conserve
25 C natural
26 A pollute
27 A pursue
28 D suspicious
29 D frightening
30 B destruction
31 B embarrassed
32 D protective
SIMILAR WORDS
Practice 1:
1 misused (badly, wrongly used) vs disused (no longer used)
Ex: Be careful of this word It is often misused
The goods were stored in a disused cinema
2 unreadable (too boring or too badly written to read) vs illegible (physically impossible to read)
Ex: His hand-writing is so bad that it is illegible
The book is long, uninteresting and not very well-written I find it unreadable
I think her novels are unreadable The style is awful and the plots are ridiculous
3 dependent (depending) vs dependant (person who depends on another for home, money, food)
Ex: The signing of the contract is dependent on whether you can guarantee delivery of the goods within three
months
The empire consisted of the kingdom and all its dependent colonies
You are entitled to receive a government allowance for each dependant who is living with you
4 historic (important in history) vs historical (concerning history)
Ex: She likes historical novels, especially romances set in the 16th and 17th centuries
In 1945 there was a historic meeting of the world leaders which changed the course (quá trình) of world events
5 immigration (coming into a country to settle) vs emigration (leaving a country to settle elsewhere)
Ex: If we don’t restrict immigration into this country, the pressure on our social services will be intolerable
When times were hard in Britain, there was very large emigration to Australia and Canada
6 dissatisfied (discontented, displeased, not satisfied with quality)
unsatisfied (unfulfilled, not satisfied with quantity)
Ex: He ate a meal large enough for three normal people but his appetite was still unsatisfied
I’m very dissatisfied with this computer It keeps breaking down
If you are dissatisfied with the service, you should complain
Demand for the new car is still _ in spite of an increase in production
7 suit (be suitable for) vs suite /swiːt/ (group of things belonging together, set) (dãy, bộ)
Ex: Will 8 o’clock suit you or shall I come later?
She took a suite of rooms at the Riverside Hotel
8 prophecy (prediction, noun) vs prophesy (predict, verb)
Ex: I prophesy that he will pass the exam and get a good job You shouldn’t worry
I will make a prophecy There will be a new government in less than a year
9 device (new invention, means of doing something, noun) vs devise (invent, verb)
Ex: A device can be attached to a private telephone which keeps a record of all call made and their cost
He managed to devise a system of bonus payments to encourage hard-working staff
10 electric (using electricity for power) vs electrical (related to electricity)
Ex: Mark must have been very delighted since his father bought him an electric guitar
My cousin is learning electrical engineering at this university
11 exhausting (very tiring) vs exhaustive (very thorough, complete)
Ex: exhaustive tests were carried out to discover the cause of the plane’s engine failure
The older members of the group found the journey quite exhausting
He never stops talking He is an exhausting person to be with
12 disinterested (impartial (không thiên vị) vs uninterested (bored, apathetic (lãnh đạm))
Ex: I don’t know why he didn’t go to the exhibition Perhaps he was too busy or just uninterested
The management and the union asked a completely disinterested party to mediate between them
13 council (district government) vs counsel (to advise; kind of lawyer in court)
Ex: I have complained to the local council about the poor condition of the pavement
The job of a Vocational Guidance Officer is to counsel young people on their careers
14 unknown (not known) vs infamous (notorious, shameful, famous for sth considered bad)
Trang 10WORDS & ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY
Ex: Joseph Jackson was an infamous mass-murder of Victorian times
The film was almost unknown ten years ago but now it is famous for its high-quality products
15 certainly (definitely, really) vs surely (used to express surprise, doubt, relief)
Ex: surely you aren’t going out like that, are you?
I am certainly not inviting Tom to my party I’ve never liked her
16 dairy (related to milk products) vs diary (daily record of events)
Ex: He kept a diary from the age of 13 to 21
No, we don’t grow wheat or vegetables It’s a dairy farm We have about 300 cows
17 compliment (to praise, piece of praise) vs complement (add to, go together)
Ex: He lacks confidence and she is a strong person They complement each other very well
I’d like to compliment you on your stellar (= excellent) performance
He paid her a nice compliment on her new dress
18 first (1st item in list) vs at first (initial attitude before change)
Ex: first boil the water, then add salt, then put in the potatoes, then…
He found the job difficult at first but soon got used to it
at first they didn’t like their new boss
19 lastly (final item in a list) vs at last (final result)
Ex: then stir the mixture in the saucepan, then leave for 5 minutes and lastly add sugar
at last I succeeded in making him understand
20 eatable (good enough to eat, though not excellent) vs edible (suitable or safe for eating)
Ex: Only the leaves of the plant are edible
Her cooking skill is not very good However, I think her dishes are eatable
Practice 2: Choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D for each sentence
1 B severely
2 C privilege
3 A sense
4 C qualifications
5 C job
6 D reward
7 A applaud
8 B live on
9 C earn
10 B pocket
11 C evasion
12 D cash
13 D encloses
14 D otherwise
15 B split
16 C short
17 D heeds
18 D run out of
19 B withdrew
20 B fiery
21 C fee
22 D free
23 A flat broke
24 D capital
25 B tight
26 A outskirts
27 D inheritance
28 C oppressive
29 B afford
30 C roof
31 D alone
32 C change
33 A insulation
34 B bank
35 D wander
36 D population
WORDS IN CONTEXT
1 D a sound a tiger makes
2 B horrible
3 B not paying attention
4 A openly
5 C outgoing
6 C a type of bird
7 C suddenly
8 D plentiful
9 B soft
10 D difficult, steep
11 B mimic
12 C carefully
13 D shameful
14 B smart
15 B unoriginal
16 A happy
I Choose the best answer for each question:
1 D never
2 B rarely
3 D never
4 A annually
5 C still
6 B hardly ever
7 A seldom
8 B always
9 D always
10 C has rarely been
II Rewrite each sentence with the adverb of frequency (in brackets) in its correct position
1 Have you ever been to London?
2 Peter doesn't usually get up before seven
3 They sometimes go swimming in the lake
4 The weather is always bad in November
5 Peggy and Frank are usually late
6 John seldom watches TV
7 I was often in contact with my sister
8 She will always love him