02 CONJUNCTIONS (PAGE 109)

A conjunction is used to link words, phrases, or clauses.. Two types of conjunctions are coordinate conjunctions and, or, nor, but, etc.. and subordinate conjunctions although, since,

CONJUNCTIONS

A conjunction is used to link words, phrases, or clauses

Two types of conjunctions are coordinate conjunctions (and,

or, nor, but, etc.) and

subordinate conjunctions

(although, since, because,

when, before, etc.)

PATTERNS TO REMEMBER

Coordinate conjunctions may link

similar ideas (and, not only but also),

opposite or contradictory ideas (but),

or choices (either or, neither nor)

Pay attention to the meaning of the conjunction.

INCORRECT [It is efficient or

maintenance-free.]

CORRECT It is efficient and

maintenance-free

INCORRECT [We can take

either a morning flight but an early afternoon flight.]

CORRECT We can take

either a morning flight or an early afternoon flight

Subordinate conjunctions show

different kinds of relationships

between two clauses They may

show cause and effect (because, so,

attention to the meaning of the

subordinate conjunction.

INCORRECT [The machine shut off

CORRECT The machine shut off

number.]

CORRECT I couldn’t call them

number

1 … she possesses such

business acumen, she was able

to regain control of the

company.

(A) Despite

(B) Even though

(C) Because

(D) For

2 For a more effective ad

campaign, we need both a new product … a new director.

(A) or

(B) either

(C) and

(D) so

3 Our department did not reach its monthly quota …

we worked a lot of overtime (A) because of

(B) even though

(C) despite

(D) but

4 The new employee is not only ambitious …

hardworking.

(A) or

(B) neither

(C) and also

(D) but also

5 … he arrives, our

representatives will present the new plan to the public.

(A) When

(B) While

(C) So

(D) Since

6.The mail will be sorted …

it arrives at our division.

(A) before

(B) until

(C) or

(D) though

7 Mr Fagan notified security

… he noticed something

suspicious.

(A) so

(B) when

(C) although

(D) because of

8 The plane cannot leave the gate … all passengers are

seated.

(A) if

(B) when

(C) unless

(D) but

9 … she opened the meeting, the project director amended the agenda.

(A) But

(B) If

(C) And

(D) Before

10…… the research uncovered some problems, the committee members decided to table the proposal temporarily.

(A) Since

(B) Even though

(C) In spite of

(D) Whatever

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