Sinh lý động vật

[Acetyl CoA] + [Choline] Acetylcholine Whi Dorsal ore matter root root y Dorsal back Sensory ganglion neuron | Receptor Ũ —_ HA \ Ventral _ peripheral Muscle Ventral fr

[Acetyl CoA] + [Choline]

Acetylcholine

Whi Dorsal

ore matter root root

y Dorsal (back) Sensory ganglion

neuron | Receptor

Ũ —_ HA \

Ventral _ peripheral

Muscle Ventral (front

XR SP

Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

"bahnenden Neurons"

Synapse eines

“sensorischen Neurons"

pe

synaptische Spalten

S

Kt potential begins

- d4

`

Axon

\

first action potential begins

Axon second action

third action K+ potential begins

White Skin Stimulus

matter receptor

/

Dorsal / hom / Sensory neuron

Gray / / (soma in dorsal

matter / / root ganglion)

\ / / z

tT

interneuron Dopaminomimetisch Glutamatantagonistisch

wirkende Substanzen: wirkende Substarz:

| ~ «-Motor neuron

; ae Levodopa Amantadin

Dopaminag onisten MAO-B-Hemmer COMT-Hemmer

Ventral horn

Brain Stem

=<

~ Neuron

Motor ech

area of Broca

Frontal lobe Premotor area Precentral gyrus Postcentral gyrus Parietal lobe

Oculomotor nee

Ophthalmic nerve [CN X1]

`Y `ÑJ“ >} ee Maxillary nerve

Abducers 7 À , A ¬ 3 [CN V2]

Mandibular nerve

[CN V3]

Trigeminal nerve Glossœ

pharyngeal Vestibulocochlear

Hựp oqlass al nerve Accessor neve

Vagus nene

®ADAM.

Proton

transporter UU

—¬ ¬——_—

¬¬—_

SSADH

Z

re

„£

„ AOAA Astrocyte,”

process, z ==

a GABA —+ SSA Succinate

Vesicular

— GABA

~ transporter

H+ GABA a NI

a vesic SĨ Ag ge

a GABA „ Ss BO

wn resynaplic #52, GABA = XS

r GABA sutoreceptr z= s N

„-“GABA So, NI

_-*” lransporter pe ms N

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GABA" DABA GABA

GABAR CI- Synaptic cleft

posts ynaplic GABA A receptor postsynaptic

receptor IIIIIIHIHIIIIHIIHIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIHIHHIHIHIHIHIIIIIIIINIIII HIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII Huu uu P ostsyr atic IIIIIIIIIIIIIIHIIHIIIHIIIIINIHIIIIHIHIHIHIHINIHINIIHIHIIHIIIIHIIIINIIII HIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIIII HLA mem

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Ị

cH, ee

Fundanedtas f

N carop ay dear avlogy

Net Nat +++++++++†+††++†+†+††††+††t†++++++3

a

K+ K+

K+ K+

ma Ea Ea

Nat Nat +++++++ + tt tt tt tt trtr+r+r++++++

| f |

l | | i

Deatris

io

Dbeaion

sÍ tryrtic

ket

gees at resetring

MưsffSwatlice< #zcc(vvyr YsvW£#le* srinn A |

i

0 1 2

time (milliseconds)

-1PFT1P.1P.1P1P1P1P.1P

“dd 0404040404 4)6ˆ

synap 2

synap 3

Axon terminal

Dendrites

Cell body

Gap in synapse

Neurotransmitters

Axon

terminal Receptors

Cell Lineage

Self renewing stem cells

+ + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + ì © te progenitor cells

+t te tetteteteeeet tte

Neuron Oligofendrocyte Astrocyte

To the brain

Sensory neuron

: Na : Interneuron

(incoming information)

Spinal cord

Motor neuron

(outgoing information)

Muscle pulls finger away Skin

receptors

Nucleus Cell Body

Conventional tracer

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Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Contracts pupil Dilates pupil

(enhanced vision)

3e

Relaxes bronchi (increased air to lungs)

lá

Accelerates, strengthens heart beat (increased oxygen)

c

Inhibits activity (blood to muscles)

Lungs

Constricts bronchi

¬-

Slows heart beat

é

Stimulates activity

he

Dilates vessels

Stomach,

intestines

Blood vessels of

internal organs

Contracts vessels (increase blood pressure)

Measuring device

Recording electrodes

+ +

(A) Location of the giant axons

in the squid (Loligo)

nerves with giant axons

e = sodium ions (Na*)

(B) Measurement of the resting potential

in an axon

Nat -70 mV

%, sensitive

Na “ voltmeter

Na electrode

inside cell

electrode in extracellular fluid

@ = potassium ions (K*)

a ° 6

+

eas » 8 +

© 2001 Garland Publishing