OReilly mastering perl tk jan 2002 ISBN 1565927168

If themouse cursor is outside the Canvas widget or not over an item, the "current" Tags can also be logical expressions by using the operators: &&, ||, ^, !, andparenthetical subexpressi

Symbols & Numbers | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q |

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insert method and: 8.6 Inserting Text

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Button widgets and: 4.3 Table of Options for Button-Type Widgets4.5 Displaying an Image or Bitmap

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Button widgets and: 4.2 Standard Options for Each Button Type4.3 Table of Options for Button-Type Widgets

syntax: 14.3.8.2 Subroutine Callback

CALLBACK value: 14.3.6 Subroutine ConfigSpecs

callbacks (see <-seealso>-also xscrollcommand-option">-xscrollcommandoption also -xscrollcommand option)

clipboardAppend method: 13.14.1 Clipboard Methods

clipboardClear method: 13.14.1 Clipboard Methods

clipboardColumnCopy method: 8.5.6.1 The Perl/Tk Text widget extendedbindings

8.16.1 Setting and Getting the Gravity

clipboardColumnCut method: 8.5.6.1 The Perl/Tk Text widget extendedbindings

8.16.1 Setting and Getting the Gravity

clipboardColumnPaste method: 8.5.6.1 The Perl/Tk Text widget extendedbindings

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-disabledoutlinestipple option: 9.5.1 Common Canvas Dash, Stipple, and TileOptions

-disabledoutlinetile option: 9.5.1 Common Canvas Dash, Stipple, and TileOptions

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Symbols & Numbers | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q |

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Menubutton widgets: 12.4.1 Menubutton Options

modular menubars example: 12.2.2 Menubars the Slick, Sophisticated,New-Fashioned Way

menu indexes: 12.1.2 Menu Indexes

menu items

creating via Perl/Tk 8: 12.2.1 Menubars the Clunky, Casual, Old-FashionedWay

associated with pack geometry manager: 2.1.10 Methods Associated withpack

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PerlPlus Browser Plug-in: 13.3 Widget's ID

22.2 The PerlPlus Browser Plug-in

coding style: 1.5.1 Programming Style

customizing: 16 User Customization

debugging and prototyping: 1.6 Debugging and PrototypingPerl/TkPrograms

PPM (Perl Package Manager)

packaging for: 14.6.2 Packaging for PPM

packaging for distribution: 14.6 Packaging a Mega-Widget for PublicDistribution

ProgressBar widget: 23.10 The ProgressBar Widget

propagation: 2.1.1 Options for pack

properties, window manager: 11.3 Options

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createLine method and: 9.6.4 The Line Item

createOval method and: 9.6.5 The Oval Item

createPolygon method and: 9.5.3 Canvas Widget Option List

Listbox example: 7.1 Creating and Filling a Listbox

Scrollbars example: 6.4.2 Listbox, Text, and Canvas Widgets

SetCursor method: 8.16.1 Setting and Getting the Gravity

setmode method: 18.4.4 Tree Methods

SGI Ports, OpenGL and: 15.9.2 Flying the Enterprise

shared memory

as IPC mechanisms: 19 Interprocess Communicationwith Pipes andSockets

commands as: 20 IPC with send

delimiters for: 1.3.3 Specifying Options

example inserting into selections: 13.14.3 Exporting the Selection to theOutside World

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22.2 The PerlPlus Browser Plug-in

Text widgets and: 8.5 Text Tags

tainted data: 13.20 Interapplication Communication

Tiler widget: 6.1 Defining Scrollbar Parts

tiles, Canvas widgets and: 9.5.1 Common Canvas Dash, Stipple, and TileOptions

timeofday method: 13.24 Really Miscellaneous Methods

13.24 Really Miscellaneous Methods

timeouts, fetching web content and: 22.1.2 Fetching Web Content withLWP::UserAgent

16.1 Using the Command Line

16.2.2 Manipulating Resources with Tk::CmdLine Subroutines

Tk::CmdLine::SetResources subroutine: 16.2 Using the Option Database16.2.2 Manipulating Resources with Tk::CmdLine Subroutines

Toplevel widget

as containers for popups: 12.5.2 The Popup Method

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setting for Scales: 10.4 Minimum and Maximum Values

10.12 Setting the Value of a Scale

variables (see <-seealso>-also labelVariable-option">-labelVariable option also-labelVariable option)

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Don Hopkins': 12.8 Pie Menus

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Each item can also have a tag (or more than one tag) associated with it We haveseen tags used before in the Text widget, where sections of text could be

assigned a tag A tag can be assigned when the item is created, or you can usethe addtag method to assign a tag after the item has been created

There are two special tags that are assigned and maintained automatically:

"current" and "all" The "all" tag refers to all the items in the Canvas The

"current" tag refers to the topmost item that the mouse cursor is over If themouse cursor is outside the Canvas widget or not over an item, the "current"

Tags can also be logical expressions by using the operators: &&, ||, ^, !, andparenthetical subexpressions For example:

display list is created as you add items to the Canvas and can be

manipulated with the raise and lower methods

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "all");

"newtag" in their tag lists

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "below", tag/id);

The "newtag" tag is added to the item that is directly below the tag/id

item If more than one item matches the below tag/id search, the lowestitem in the list will be used

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "closest", x, y);

Use the "closest" tag to select the item closest to the (x, y) coordinates (inCanvas coordinates) If more than one item matches, the last one found isused

There are two more possible arguments for this form of addtag You can specify

a number that indicates how far out from the (x, y) coordinates items are to beconsidered For instance, if you want an item that is within 10 pixels to be

considered "closest", make the call as follows:

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "closest", 50, 100, 10);

You can also specify a starting tag or ID to start a search The call would thenlook like this:

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "closest", x, y, 10, $tag_or_id);

Using this form, you can loop through all the closest items

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "enclosed", x1, y1, x2, y2);

You can use the "enclosed" form of addtag to assign the same tag to

several items within the area bounded by (x1, y1) to (x2, y2) Items will begiven "newtag" only if they are completely within the area The coordinatesmust make sense when you specify them: x1 < x2 and y1 < y2

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "overlapping", x1, y1, x2, y2);

To assign tags to any item that has any part inside a bounded region, use

"overlapping" instead of "enclosed" Even if the item has only one pixelinside this area, it will still count All other rules for the bounding area arethe same as for "enclosed"

$canvas->addtag("newtag", "withtag", tag/id);

Assigns "newtag" to all the items with the tag or ID specified

9.9.1 Binding Items Using Tags

(Remember, if you want to add a normal binding to the Canvas widget itself, youmust use CanvasBind instead of just bind.)

The general form of bind is as follows:

Here is an example that changes the color of any items tagged with "blue" whenthe mouse is over them:

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The final geometry manager we want to cover is form Recently added into thePerl/Tk distribution, form is a very different geometry manager than those we'veseen so far To try and compare it with what we already know, it behaves like acombination of pack and place Using form, it is legal to overlap widgets (asyou would with place), but you can also display the widgets relative to eachother and stretch them out to fill the entire available area and resize with thewindow (as you would with pack) The combination of all these abilities results

in a powerful geometry manager

When using form, each edge of a widget can be attached to something: the

container's grid, another widget, or nothing at all You can also use springs topush your widgets around in the window based on the strength (or weight) of thespring As with the other geometry managers, you can add padding to your

demonstrates using a grid attachment:

foreach (1 5) {

# Create Buttons and attach them to grid at intervals of 5 $mw->Button(-text => $_ * 5)->form(-left => '%' $_ * 5, -top => '%' $_ * 5); }

This code creates five widgets, putting them on the grid at (5, 5), (10, 10), (15,15), and so on Take a look at

Figure 2-48 and you'll see what happens when we resize this window Noticethat the widgets overlap each other and move as the window is resized Thisdemonstrates that the grid size stays the same as the window resizes, and thewidgets move with the grid If you make the window large enough, the widgets

no longer overlap

Figure 2-48 How the form grid works (both windows have grid sizes of 100x100)

For the previous example, we used the -top and -left options to specify where

to locate the widgets in the window If you call form with no options at all, eachwidget is put at (0, 0), piled one on top of the other The order in which the

widgets are created is important in this case, because the last one created is

placed on top of the pile

You can change the size of the widget by attaching opposite sides to differentpoints in the grid The widget will resize with the window (see

Figure 2-49):

$b1 = $mw->Button(-text => "small")->form(-left => '%10');

# Second Button is attached to $b1 on left, and grid 70 on right

$mw->Button(-text => "BIG")->form(-left => $b1, -right => '%70', -top => '%0', -bottom => '%80');

To shift your widget 10 pixels to the right of the grid coordinate (5, 5), you

would use an anonymous array to specify the whole attachment:

$mw->Button(-text => "shifted right")->form(-left => ['%5', 10], -top => '%5');

If the offset is 0, you don't need to specify it at all

2.4.2.2 Widget-to-widget attachments

There are two ways to attach one widget to another: by using the same side (bothtop, both bottom, and so on), or by using opposite sides Any widgets attached toone another must be managed by form in the same parent container

Here's an example of opposite side attachment:

$thisbutton->form(-left => $b1);

You would read that in English as "Attach the left side of $thisbutton to the

-right, -top, or -bottom) applies to the widget on which you are currently

calling form If you want a bit of space between two widgets, add an offset to the

if ($rightspring ne '') { push (@args, ('-rightspring', $rightspring)); }

if ($rightspring ne '') { push (@args, ('-rightspring', $rightspring)); } print "ARGS: @args\n";

print "Widgets in $parent are @widgets\n";

2.4.4.5 Circular dependency check

You need to be careful that you don't end up with a circular reference whendoing widget attachments To check your setup, you can call $parent-

>formCheck This will return true if it finds a circular dependency and false if itdoesn't

2.3 The place Geometry Manager 2.5 GeometryManagement Summary

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Contents:

Using the Command Line Using the Option Database

When writing Perl/Tk applications, we can change the look of the applicationdramatically by using different options when creating widgets We can give our

users a similar type of control using the resource database or command-line

options The user has the ability to change the appearance of almost anything,

from the width of widget edges and the fonts used to display text to the cursorshown as the mouse passes over a widget A change can be global to every

application that honors the option database or so specific that it changes a singleoption of a single widget

In the first part of this chapter, we'll cover the ways users can change these

visual aspects from the command line Later in the chapter, we'll give you moreideas on how to utilize a resource database

The term resource database originated in the X Window System Essentially, theresource database provides user-specified values for widget configuration

options When creating a new widget, Tk queries the resource database for alloptions that the programmer did not explicitly specify on the widget creation

command If an option/value pair (sometimes called a resource) isn't found in

the resource database, Tk uses the option's default value provided by the widget'sclass

Actually, a resource is a bit more complicated Although the resource identifies asingle option/value pair, it may apply to more than a single widget Using classnames and the wildcard character (*), it's possible to pattern match multiplewidgets Each of those widgets subsequently has that particular option

configured

So, an option database resource is really a pattern/value pair Resources have thisgeneral syntax:

pattern : value