In the research example of naturalistic observation the authors were interested in _____.. In the research example of naturalistic observation, what did the authors find.. In the researc
Trang 1Test Bank for Methods in Psychological Research 3rd Edition by Evans
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Sample
Chapter 11: Data Collection Methods
Multiple Choice
1 What do observational research, survey research, questionnaires, and focus groups have in common?
2 A) They are all non-experiment approaches
*B) They are all methods of data collection
1 C) They all involve multiple independent variables
2 D) Each is a qualitative data collection technique
3 E) None of the above
2 What is the difference between observational research and casual people watching?
*A) Research includes systematically recording behavior
1 B) Observational research is always non-experimental
2 C) People watching does not involve hypothesis testing
3 D) A & B
4 E) all of the above
3 According to the textbook, naturalistic observation is a favorite technique of _ such as Jane Goodall
4 A) Sociologists
*B) Ethnologists
1 C) Psychologists
Trang 22 D) Social psychologists
4 Naturalistic observation is used when _
*A) Reactivity is a problem
1 B) We wish to study behavior that occurs very infrequently
2 C) We want to conduct a field experiment
3 D) A & B
4 E) None of the above
5 The tendency for people to alter their behavior when they know they are being observed is called the _
6 A) McCulloch effect
7 B) Hawthorn effect
*C) Reactivity effect
1 D) McClintock effect
2 E) None of the above
6 When conducting naturalistic observation _
7 A) You want to be unobtrusive in your record taking
8 B) You want to be inconspicuous in your presence
9 C) You should always use video as a backup
*D) A & B
1 E) All of the above
7 In the research example of naturalistic observation the authors were interested in _
8 A) Observing whether men who are successful in making contact with women consume more alcohol than men who are not successful
Trang 3*B) Observing whether men who are successful in making contact with women produce different non-verbal behaviors than men who are not successful
1 C) Sex differences in alcohol consumption is social settings
2 D) A & C
3 E) All of the above
8 In the research example of naturalistic observation, what did the authors find?
9 A) Successful men made short direct glances at the women more frequently
10 B) Successful men made more space maximizing movements
11 C) Successful men made more non-reciprocal touches with other men
12 D) B & C
*E) All of the above
9 In the research example of naturalistic observation, why were two observers used?
10 A) So that each would have a different view
*B) So that inter-rater reliability could be calculated
1 C) Two observers lessen the chances of discovery
2 D) B & C
3 E) All of the above
10 The textbook indicates that the strength of naturalistic observation is _
11 A) High internal validity
*B) High external validity
1 C) High construct validity
2 D) High replicablity
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11 According to the textbook, participant observation research is often _
12 A) Quantitative
*B) Qualitative
1 C) Conducted by social psychologists
2 D) Dangerous
12 In the research example of participant observation, the researchers _
*A) Wanted to gather information about on-line pro-anorexia support groups
1 B) Created a bogus on line user profile
2 C) Gathered information via chat rooms, messaging, and email
3 D) Used a mail-out questionnaire to gather the data
4 E) A, B, and C
13 In the research example of participant observation, what statistical analysis was used?
14 A) T-test
15 B) ANOVA
16 C) Pearson’s r
*D) No statistics
14 In the research example of participant observation of the pro-ana on line community, the authors concluded that _
15 A) Pro-anorexia websites educated individuals on typical anorexic and bulimic behaviours
*B) It was difficult to gain acceptance into the on-line pro-anorexia
community
1 C) Pro-anorexia websites promoted eating disorders as a life style
2 D) The majority of individuals joined the on-line pro-anorexia
community for support
3 E) C & D
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15 Why might you choose to do laboratory observation instead of naturalistic observation?
16 A) You want to maximize the external validity of your study
*B) The behavior of interest only occurs under specific conditions
1 C) You wish to make causal inferences
2 D) All of the above
16 A major advantage to naturalistic observation is _
17 A) The high external validity
18 B) The high internal validity
19 C) That you can collect information on factors that may not be observable
*D) A & C
1 E) All of the above
17 In _ observation, subjectivity is a(an) _
18 A) Naturalistic; unavoidable consequence
19 B) Participant; advantage
20 C) Participant; disadvantage
21 D) A & C
*E) B & C
18 What would be the best research approach if your research question is “what does it feels like to be homeless”?
19 A) Naturalistic observation
*B) Participant observation
1 C) Laboratory observation
2 D) Survey
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19 As stated in the textbook, laboratory observation is a trade-off between _
20 A) Internal validity and level of control
*B) External validity and level of control
1 C) Internal validity and the ability to generalize your results
2 D) External validity and the ability to generalize your results
20 In the research example of laboratory observation the researchers were interested in _
*A) The behaviors that children use to exclude a newcomer
1 B) The behaviors that adults use to exclude a newcomer
2 C) Cheating behavior of children playing the game “Pictionary”
3 D) Diffusion of responsibility in small groups
21 In the research example of laboratory observation the researchers recorded behavior _
22 A) From behind a one-way mirror
23 B) From videotape
24 C) With an automated system to guard against bias
25 D) In 10 second intervals
*E) B & D
22 In the research example of laboratory observation, what inferential statistic was used?
23 A) T-test
*B) ANOVA
1 C) Pearson’s r
Trang 72 D) No statistics
23 In the research example of laboratory observation, the authors found _
24 A) That girls are more socially exclusive than boys
25 B) That girls are not more socially exclusive than boys
26 C) That boys and girls employ different techniques when they engage in social exclusion
27 D) A & C
*E) B & C
24 Observation research is to _, as survey research is to _
*A) Behaviors; attitudes and opinions
1 B) Recording; counting
2 C) Measuring; counting
3 D) Listening; watching
25 What is the difference between a survey and a questionnaire?
26 A) A survey is less formal than a questionnaire
27 B) A survey does not have a specific research question
*C) A survey is the action of collecting the data whereas a questionnaire is a list of questions
1 D) A survey is a short set of questions whereas a questionnaire may be many pages long
26 According to the textbook, interviews can be _
27 A) Very expensive
28 B) Time consuming
29 C) Require trained interviewers
Trang 830 D) A & B
*E) All of the above
27 When would an interview be the preferred survey technique?
28 A) When you want to explore sensitive topics
29 B) When you may want to use probing questions
30 C) When you have a limited budget
*D) A & B
1 E) All of the above
28 Mary is interested in how students at her university feel about planned tuition increases For those who strongly object she’d like to learn how they will cope and what actions they may take to protest the increase How
should she collect her data?
*A) Face-to-face interview
1 B) Telephone interview
2 C) Mailed questionnaire
3 D) Focus group
29 Although you don’t need to have respondents complete an informed consent form before they answer your questions, it is good practice to _
30 A) Tell them how much they will be paid
31 B) Tell them who the survey is for
32 C) Tell them how long the survey will take
33 D) A & C
*E) B & C
30 What is(are) the advantage(s) of the face-to-face interview?
Trang 931 A) You gather information directly from the people you are interested in
32 B) You can explore complex issues
33 C) You can use probing questions
34 D) A & B
*E) All of the above
31 What are probing questions?
32 A) Questions that explore personal topics
33 B) Profound questions that require a great deal of thought
*C) Open-ended questions that permit a range of responses
1 D) Sharp questions that cut to the heart of an issue
32 According to the textbook, what is(are) the disadvantage(s) of face-to-face interviews?
33 A) They can be very time consuming
34 B) They can be very expensive
35 C) Respondents may not feel comfortable revealing intimate information
36 D) A & B
*E) All of the above
33 You are interested in identifying the barriers faced by new immigrants when looking for employment Which of the following is the best approach?
*A) Face-to-face interview
1 B) Telephone interview
2 C) Mailed questionnaire
3 D) Group administered questionnaire
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34 Probe questions can bias your data by leading respondents to a particular response The textbook suggests _.?
35 A) That probe questions be neutral
36 B) That probe questions should be scripted beforehand
37 C) That it is not a problem because some probe questions will lead
respondents in one direction whereas others will lead respondents in the opposite direction
*D) A & B
1 E) None of the above
2 Durant and Carey (2000) investigated whether women would give different responses to questions asked in a face-to-face interview (FTFI) compared to
a self-administered questionnaire (SAQ) What did they find?
3 A) There was a high level of agreement between the responses, but there were discrepancies
4 B) There was no difference between FTFI and SAQ The responses were the same
5 C) SAQ produced more accurate responses than FTFI
*D) A & C
1 E) None of the above
36 Social desirability can be a problem in face-to-face interviews What is social desirability?
*A) The tendency for people to respond in a way that makes them appear better than they are
1 B) The tendency for people to want others to like them
2 C) The phenomenon whereby a bond is formed between the interviewer and the respondent
3 D) The tendency for people to want to form groups with other people
37 In the research example of face-to-face interviews, the researchers were interested in _
Trang 1138 A) Evaluating the association between impulsivity and alcohol
dependence
39 B) Identifying the motives associated with initiating a bar fight for both men and women
*C) The factors that predict the severity and overall aggressiveness of women who were involved in a bar fight
1 D) Identifying the risk factors associated with spousal abuse
38 The main advantage of the telephone survey is that _
*A) There is no travel
1 B) You don’t have to train your interviewers
2 C) You can conduct the interview in your pajamas
3 D) There is less reactivity
39 A telephone survey is the best choice if _
40 A) Your interested in a sensitive topic, the telephone provides some level of anonymity
*B) You require information from respondents who are spread over a large
geographical area
1 C) You have complex questions that take time to explain
2 D) All of the above
3 E) None of the above
40 It is suggested in the textbook that telephone interviews _
41 A) Can be up to an hour long if they respondent agrees
42 B) Can be short or long depending on the subject matter
43 C) Should be no longer than 20 minutes
*D) Should be kept to about 10 minutes long
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41 A major disadvantage of telephone interviews is _
*A) Selection bias from people screening calls
1 B) It is very expensive
2 C) It can take a long time to collect data
3 D) None of the above
42 In the research example of telephone interviews the researchers were
interested in _
43 A) Public concern over rising educational costs
*B) Confirming the relationship between psychological trauma and
schizotypal symptoms
1 C) Investigating the relationship between work stress and alcohol use
in a sample of Japanese workers
2 D) Comparing men and women on the type of abuse they experienced
as a child
43 Relative to the interview, what is(are) the advantage(s) of the
self-administered questionnaire?
44 A) They are cheaper
45 B) They are faster
46 C) They are anonymous
47 D) A & B
*E) All of the above
44 Bill wants to collect data on plagiarism in his school What data collection method should he use?
45 A) Face-to-face interview
46 B) Mailed questionnaire
Trang 13*C) Group administered questionnaire
1 D) Focus groups
45 In the survey research example presented in the textbook, what inferential statistic was used?
46 A) One-way ANOVA
47 B) Two-way ANOVA
*C) Three-way ANOVA
1 D) Regression analysis
46 In the survey research example presented in the textbook, what main
effect(s) were significant?
47 A) Season of the year
48 B) Day of the week
49 C) Type of medium
*D) B & C
1 E) None of the above
47 In the survey research example presented in the textbook, the researchers found significant interactions Evans and Rooney, the authors of your text, noted that
48 A) The interactions were impossible to interpret because the samples sizes were so large
49 B) The interactions were important and made the main effects
unimportant
50 C) The interaction effects did not change the interpretation of the main effects
51 D) The statistical significance of the interactions may have been a result of large sample sizes rather than a result of any important effect
Trang 14*E) C & D
48 Relative to mailed questionnaires, group administered questionnaires _
*A) Produce a much higher response rate
1 B) Produce a lower response rate
2 C) Have similar response rates
3 D) Provide more anonymity
49 Mail surveys _
50 A) Produce representative results due to high response rates
*B) May produce biased results due to low response rates
1 C) Have similar response rates to group administered questionnaires
2 D) Often have response rates as high as 80%
50 If you wanted an easy way to survey a special group which method would be best?
51 A) Telephone survey
52 B) Face-to-face interview
53 C) Mailed survey
*D) Internet questionnaire
51 The tendency for people to alter their behavior when they know they are being observed is called the reactivity effect
*A) True
1 B) False