Human physiology an integrated approach 7th edition by silverthorn test bank

E the temperature Answer: B Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 30 The resting membrane potential results from 11. Answer: C Section:

Trang 1

Human Physiology: 7th Edition Test Bank – Silverthorn

Sample

1) The portions of a neuron that extend off of the roughly spherical cell body are usually collectively called

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

2) Detailed understanding of the cellular basis of signaling in the nervous system has led to good understanding of consciousness, intelligence, and emotion

Trang 2

Learning Outcome: 8.1

3) Neurotransmitter is stored and released from

1 A) axon terminals only

2 B) axon varicosities only

3 C) dendritic spines only

4 D) cell bodies only

5 E) axon terminals and axon varicosities

Answer: E

Section: Cells of the Nervous System

4) Information coming into the central nervous system is transmitted along neurons

1 A) afferent

2 B) sensory

3 C) efferent

4 D) afferent and sensory

5 E) sensory and efferent

Answer: D

Section: Organization of the Nervous System

5) The afferent and efferent axons together form the

1 A) central nervous system

2 B) autonomic division system

Trang 3

3 C) somatic motor division of the nervous system

4 D) peripheral nervous system

5 E) visceral nervous system

Answer: D

6) The brain and spinal cord together compose the

2 B) autonomic division system

3 C) somatic motor division of the nervous system

5 E) visceral nervous system

Answer: A

7) Exocrine glands, smooth muscles, and cardiac muscles are controlled by the

2 B) autonomic nervous system

3 C) somatic motor division

5 E) enteric nervous system

Answer: B

Trang 4

8) Autonomic motor neurons are subdivided into the

1 A) visceral and somatic divisions

2 B) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

3 C) central and peripheral divisions

4 D) visceral and enteric divisions

5 E) somatic and enteric divisions

Answer: B

9) The enteric nervous system is a network of neurons that function in controlling

1 A) reproduction

2 B) digestion

3 C) excretion, particularly urination

4 D) the skeletal system

5 E) the endocrine system

Answer: B

10) In general, the nervous system is composed of which two types of cells?

1 motor

2 neurons

3 sensory

4 glial

Trang 5

11) The cell body of neurons is generally

1 A) 90% of the cell volume

2 B) 50% of the cell volume

3 C) 10% of the cell volume

4 D) found in the same position on every neuron Answer: C

12) Interneurons are found

1 A) only in the brain

2 B) only in the spinal cord

3 C) only in the CNS

4 D) throughout the nervous system

5 E) only in spinal nerves

Answer: C

Trang 6

13) The multiple thin, branched structures on a neuron whose main function is to

receive incoming signals are the

14) The collection of axons that carries information between the central nervous system and the peripheral effectors is called the

15) The region where the axon terminal meets its target cell is called the

1 A) collateral

2 B) hillock

Trang 7

16) The axon is connected to the cell body by the

17) Branches that sometimes occur along the length of an axon are called

Trang 8

18) Neurotransmitters are released from the

19) The term axonal transport refers to

1 A) the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the axon

2 B) the transport of microtubules to the axon for structural support

3 C) vesicle transport of proteins and organelles down the axon

4 D) the movement of the axon terminal to synapse with a new postsynaptic cell

5 E) None of the answers are correct

Answer: C

20) Anterograde and retrograde axonal transport are forms of transport

1 A) fast

2 B) slow

3 C) Neither of these

Trang 9

Answer: A

21) Clusters of nerve cell bodies in the peripheral nervous system are called

1 A) only provide structural and metabolic support

2 B) only guide neurons during growth and repair

3 C) only help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s extracellular fluid

4 D) provide structural and metabolic support and help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s extracellular fluid

5 E) All of the answers are correct

Trang 10

23) Glial cells communicate primarily using

1 A) electrical signals only

2 B) chemical signals only

25) These glial cells act as scavengers

Trang 11

26) These glial cells may contribute to Lou Gehrig’s disease

27) The Nernst equation predicts

1 A) intracellular ion concentrations

2 B) extracellular ion concentrations

3 C) the membrane potential resulting from all permeable ions

4 D) the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion

5 E) the threshold membrane potential

Answer: D

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

28) Which is the correctly written Nernst equation?

1 A) 61/z × log [ion]out/ [ion]in

2 B) 61/z × log [ion]in/ [ion]out

Trang 12

3 C) log 61/z × [ion]in/ [ion]out

4 D) log 61/z × [ion]out/ [ion]in

Answer: A

29) What does the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation take into account that the Nernst

equation does NOT?

1 A) the electrical charges of the ions

2 B) the permeabilities of the ions

3 C) the solubilities of the ions

4 D) the sizes of the ions

5 E) the temperature

Answer: B

30) The resting membrane potential results from

1 A) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only

2 B) differences in membrane permeability to Na+and K+

3 C) activity of the sodium/potassium pump only

4 D) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in membrane permeability to Na+and K+

Answer: D

Trang 13

31) Which ion(s) is/are higher in concentration inside the cell compared to outside?

32) The channelopathy known as QT syndrome is a result of mutation in channels

33) Ion channel inactivation is

1 A) closing of the channel in response to decrease in the stimulus

2 B) closing of the channel even when the stimulus continues

Trang 14

3 C) any type of channel closing

4 D) None of the answers are correct

Answer: B

34) The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal is directly related to

1 A) the amplitude of the action potential

2 B) the length of the axon

3 C) the total number of action potentials

4 D) the amplitude of the graded potential

Answer: C

Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System

35) Which of the following is the most common location where action potentials originate?

Trang 15

36) The rising phase of the action potential is due to

1 A) Na+flow into the cell only

2 B) Na+flow out of the cell only

3 C) K+flow out of the cell only

4 D) K+flow into the cell only

5 E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell

Answer: A

37) The falling phase of the action potential is due primarily to

1 A) Na+flow in the cell only

2 B) Na+flow out of the cell only

3 C) K+flow out of the cell only

4 D) K+flow into the cell only

5 E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell

Answer: C

38) The point during an action potential when the inside of the cell has become more positive than the outside is known as the

Trang 16

39) Choose all of the items that are incorrectly matched

1 A) inactivation gate — closed at rest

2 B) activation gate — open at rest

3 C) inactivation gate — closed during repolarization

4 D) activation gate — opens during depolarization

5 E) All of the answers are incorrectly matched

Answer: D

40) The absolute refractory period of an action potential

1 A) only ensures one-way travel down an axon

2 B) only allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first

3 C) only prevents summation of action potentials

4 D) ensures one-way travel down an axon and allows a neuron to ignore a second

signal sent that closely follows the first

5 E) ensures one-way travel down an axon, allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first, and prevents summation of action potentials

Trang 17

41) In order to signal a stronger stimulus, action potentials become

1 A) higher in amplitude only

2 B) more frequent only

3 C) longer-lasting only

4 D) higher in amplitude and more frequent

5 E) higher in amplitude and longer-lasting

Answer: B

42) All of the following must occur before a second action potential can begin, EXCEPT

1 A) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original compartments

2 B) the Na+inactivation gate must open and the Na+activation gate must close

3 C) the absolute refractory period must occur

4 D) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original compartments; the Na+ inactivation gate must open; and the Na+ activation gate must close

Answer: A

43) Voltage-regulated channels are located

1 A) within the cytosol only

2 B) in the membranes of dendrites only

3 C) in the membranes of axons only

4 D) on the neuron cell body only

5 E) in the membranes of dendrites, in the membranes of axons, and on the neuron cell body

Trang 18

Answer: E

44) The sodium-potassium exchange pump

1 A) must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential

2 B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization

3 C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization

4 D) moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients

5 E) requires ATP to function

Answer: E

45) The all-or-none principle states that

1 A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials

2 B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude

3 C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential

4 D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials

5 E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials

Trang 19

46) When voltage-gated Na+ channels of a resting neuron open,

1 A) Na+enters the neuron

2 B) Na+leaves the neuron

3 C) the neuron depolarizes

4 D) Na+enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

5 E) Na+leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

Answer: D

47) When voltage-gated K+ channels of a resting neuron open,

1 A) K+enters the neuron

2 B) K+leaves the neuron

3 C) the neuron depolarizes

4 D) K+enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

5 E) K+leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

Answer: B

48) In the membrane of a resting nerve cell, when chemically gated Cl- channels open,

1 A) Cl- ions enter the cell

2 B) Cl- ions leave the cell

3 C) the cell becomes depolarized

4 D) Cl- ions enter the cell and the cell becomes depolarized

5 E) Cl- ions leave the cell and the cell becomes depolarized

Answer: A

Trang 20

49) Ion concentrations are first significantly affected after action potential(s)

50) Action potentials are primarily associated with the membranes of

1 A) dendrites only

2 B) cell bodies only

3 C) axons only

4 D) dendrites and axons

5 E) cell bodies and axons

Answer: C

51) Which of the following will best increase the conduction rate of action potentials?

1 A) Increase the diameter of the axon, decrease the resistance of the axon membrane to ion leakage

Trang 21

2 B) Increase the diameter of the axon, increase the resistance of the axon membrane to ion leakage

3 C) Decrease the diameter of the axon, decrease the resistance of the axon membrane to ion leakage

4 D) Decrease the diameter of the axon, increase the resistance of the axon membrane

to ion leakage

Answer: B

52) Which of the following does NOT influence the time necessary for a nerve impulse to be conveyed by a particular neuron?

1 A) length of the axon

2 B) presence or absence of a myelin sheath

3 C) diameter of the axon

4 D) presence or absence of nodes of Ranvier

5 E) whether axon is sensory or motor

Answer: E

53) Graded potentials may

1 A) initiate an action potential

2 B) depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage

3 C) hyperpolarize the membrane

4 D) be called EPSPs or IPSPs

5 E) All of the statements are true

Answer: E

Trang 22

54) Some neurotoxins work essentially the same way as some local anesthetics, which is to

1 A) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter only

2 B) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them only

3 C) prevent depolarization by blocking Na+entry into the cell only

4 D) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter and bind to Na+channels and inactivate them

5 E) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them and prevent depolarization by blocking Na+entry into the cell

Answer: E

55) The major determinant of the resting potential of all cells is

1 A) Ca2+concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid

2 B) Na+concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid

3 C) K+gradient between the blood and interstitial fluid

4 D) K+concentration inside cells

5 E) Na+concentration inside cells

Trang 23

56) The term hyperkalemia specifically indicates too much potassium in which fluid

57) A chemical synapse ALWAYS includes which of the following?

58) Which type of synapse is most prevalent in the nervous system?

1 A) chemical

2 B) electrical

3 C) mechanical

4 D) processing

Trang 24

5 E) radiative

Answer: A

59) The ion necessary to initiate the release of acetylcholine into the synaptic cleft is

60) To increase the amount of neurotransmitter released onto a postsynaptic cell, the presynaptic cell would have to

1 A) send action potentials with higher voltage (higher amplitude)

2 B) send action potentials with longer durations

3 C) send action potentials with higher frequency

4 D) do nothing; no change is possible since the all-or-none law is in effect

Answer: C

Trang 25

61) Which is/are the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter(s) of the CNS?

1 A) GABA only

2 B) glycine only

3 C) glutamate only

4 D) GABA and glycine

Answer: D

62) The inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS, GABA and glycine, act by opening

63) Excitatory neurotransmitters of the CNS usually act by opening channels

1 A) Na+

2 B) K+

3 C) Cl-

Trang 26

64) Which of the following is NOT a known drug effect on synaptic function?

1 A) interfere with neurotransmitter synthesis

2 B) alter the rate of neurotransmitter release

3 C) prevent neurotransmitter inactivation

4 D) prevent neurotransmitter binding to receptors

5 E) change the type of neurotransmitter found in the synaptic vesicle Answer: E

65) The site of information integration in the nervous system is the

Trang 27

66) Once the stimulus alters the receptor on the cell’s membrane, what happens next?

1 A) Ion channels open, allowing ions to enter or exit

2 B) The membrane permeability is altered

3 C) A second messenger is activated on the inside of the cell

4 D) Any of these actions could happen next

Answer: D

67) Once the action potential reaches the axon terminal, what happens next?

1 A) exocytosis of a neurocrine

2 B) release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

3 C) release of a neurohormone into the blood

4 D) Any of the above could happen next

Answer: D

68) Calcium is important in the synapse because it

1 A) is necessary for acetylcholine synthesis

2 B) signals the exocytosis of the neurotransmitter

3 C) binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, opening ion channels, and triggering graded potentials

4 D) leaves the axon terminal, hyperpolarizing the cell

Answer: B

Trang 28

69) In response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can

1 A) only open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as

fast synaptic potentials

2 B) only close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses

3 C) only regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the

postsynaptic cell

4 D) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic potentials and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the

postsynaptic cell

5 E) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast

synaptic potentials, close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems, producing slow responses, and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic

activities of the postsynaptic cell

Answer: E

70) The neurotransmitter thought to be involved in learning and memory is

Trang 29

71) In order for a synapse to be an effective means of cellular communication, slow removal or inactivation of neurotransmitter molecules from the synapse is important

72) Identify the FALSE statement

1 A) EPSPs that reach threshold can initiate an action potential

2 B) The trigger zone is the integrating center of the neuron

3 C) IPSPs depolarize the membrane

4 D) All of the statements are true

Answer: C

Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer

73) An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

1 A) depolarizes a neuron, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential

2 B) hyperpolarizes a neuron, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential

3 C) depolarizes a neuron, increasing the likelihood of an action potential

4 D) hyperpolarizes a neuron, increasing the likelihood of an action potential

Trang 30

Answer: C

74) Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)

1 A) result in local depolarizations

2 B) result in local hyperpolarizations

3 C) increase membrane permeability to sodium ions

4 D) prevent the escape of potassium ions

5 E) prevent the escape of calcium ions

Answer: B

75) When two or more graded potentials arrive at the trigger zone, which of the following could happen?

1 A) An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out

2 B) Two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur

3 C) Two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability

4 D) An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out and two

excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur

5 E) An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out; two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur; and two inhibitory stimuli may be

additive, resulting in lower excitability

Answer: E

Trang 31

76) Presynaptic facilitation makes a pathway

1 A) less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons

2 B) more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons

3 C) capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning

4 D) less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons and capable

of alteration, just through training and conditioning

5 E) more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons and capable

of alteration, just through training and conditioning

Answer: E

77) Spatial summation refers to

1 A) electrical signals reaching neurons from outer space

2 B) multiple graded potentials arriving at one location simultaneously

3 C) repeated graded potentials reaching the trigger zone one after the other

4 D) suprathreshold potentials triggering action potentials that are extra large

Answer: B

78) If a hyperpolarizing graded potential and a depolarizing graded potential of similar

magnitudes arrive at the trigger zone at the same time, what is most likely to occur?

Trang 32

1 A) An action potential is fired off more quickly than usual

2 B) Nothing They will cancel each other out

3 C) The cell becomes hyperpolarized

4 D) The cell becomes easier to excite

5 E) The cell dies

Answer: B

79) When multiple, possibly even conflicting signals reach a neuron, the neuron evaluates the signals and may respond or not This property is called

80) When a second EPSP arrives at a single synapse before the effects of the first have disappeared, what occurs?

Trang 33

81) The pattern of synaptic connectivity where a large number of presynaptic neurons provide input to a single postsynaptic neuron, is known as

82) During childhood, growth and development of the brain PRIMARILY occurs by increasing

1 A) neuron numbers only

2 B) neuron size only

3 C) number of dendrites and synapses only

4 D) neuron numbers and neuron size

5 E) neuron size and number of dendrites and synapses

Answer: E

83) The rearrangement of connections at synapses, which occurs throughout life, is termed

1 A) elasticity

2 B) intelligence

3 C) plasticity

Trang 34

84) A damaged neuron has a better chance of survival and repair if the

85) Repair of damaged neurons can be assisted by certain neurotrophic factors secreted by the

1 A) cell body only

2 B) axon only

3 C) dendrites only

4 D) Schwann cells only

5 E) axon and dendrites

Answer: D

Trang 35

86) The tip of an embryonic nerve cell’s axon is called a

Match the glial cell to the nervous system division in which it is found

1 central nervous system

2 peripheral nervous system

Trang 37

92) astrocytes

Answer: A

Match the term with its description (answers may be used more than once)

94) specialized immune cells that are confined to the CNS

Trang 38

95) cells that form supportive capsules around cell bodies

Answer: C

96) cells that create a selectively permeable epithelial layer to separate fluid compartments of the CNS

Answer: A

97) cells in the CNS that form myelin

Answer: E

98) cells in the PNS that form

myelin Answer: D

Trang 39

99) cells that are a source of neural stem cells

101) cells that myelinate only one axon each; multiple cells per

axon Answer: D

Match the part of the neuron to its description (answers may be used more than once)

Trang 40

103) receive(s) most of the incoming

synapses Answer: A

104) occupy(ies) the least amount of cell volume Answer: C

105) make(s) proteins necessary for repair of damaged neuron Answer: C

Định dạng
Số trang	87
Dung lượng	583,16 KB