Download test bank for human physiology an integrated approach 7th edition by silverthorn

Answer: B Section: Organization of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 8 Autonomic motor neurons are subdivided into the A visceral and somatic division

Test Bank for Human Physiology An Integrated Approach 7th Edition by

Silverthorn

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http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-for-human-physiology-an-integrated-Chapter 8 Neurons: Cellular and Network Properties

3) Neurotransmitter is stored and released from

A) axon terminals only

B) axon varicosities only

C) dendritic spines only

D) cell bodies only

E) axon terminals and axon varicosities

E) sensory and efferent

B) autonomic division system

C) somatic motor division of the nervous system D) peripheral nervous system

E) visceral nervous system

B) autonomic division system

C) somatic motor division of the nervous system D) peripheral nervous system

E) visceral nervous system

B) autonomic nervous system

C) somatic motor division

D) peripheral nervous system

E) enteric nervous system

Answer: B

Section: Organization of the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.1 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

8) Autonomic motor neurons are subdivided into the

A) visceral and somatic divisions

B) sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

C) central and peripheral divisions

D) visceral and enteric divisions

E) somatic and enteric divisions

Answer: B

Section: Organization of the Nervous System

C) excretion, particularly urination

D) the skeletal system

E) the endocrine system

11) The cell body of neurons is generally

1 A) 90% of the cell volume

2 B) 50% of the cell volume

3 C) 10% of the cell volume

4 D) found in the same position on every neuron Answer: C

Section: Cells of the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

12) Interneurons are found

1 A) only in the brain

2 B) only in the spinal cord

3 C) only in the CNS

4 D) throughout the nervous system

5 E) only in spinal nerves

Answer: C

Section: Cells of the Nervous System Learning Outcome: 8.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

13) The multiple thin, branched structures on a neuron whose main function is to receive

incoming signals are the

Section: Cells of the Nervous System

Section: Cells of the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.2 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

19) The term axonal transport refers to

1 A) the release of neurotransmitter molecules from the axon

2 B) the transport of microtubules to the axon for structural support

3 C) vesicle transport of proteins and organelles down the axon

4 D) the movement of the axon terminal to synapse with a new postsynaptic cell

5 E) None of the answers are correct

3 C) Neither of these Answer: A

Section: Cells of the Nervous System

1 A) only provide structural and metabolic support

2 B) only guide neurons during growth and repair

3 C) only help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s extracellular fluid

4 D) provide structural and metabolic support and help maintain homeostasis of the brain’s extracellular fluid

5 E) All of the answers are correct

Answer: E

Section: Cells of the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

23) Glial cells communicate primarily using

1 A) electrical signals only

2 B) chemical signals only

4 D) oligodendrocytes

5 E) ependymal cells

Answer: C Section: Cells of the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

26) These glial cells may contribute to Lou Gehrig’s disease

27) The Nernst equation predicts

1 A) intracellular ion concentrations

2 B) extracellular ion concentrations

3 C) the membrane potential resulting from all permeable ions

4 D) the membrane potential resulting from permeability to a single ion

5 E) the threshold membrane potential

28) Which is the correctly written Nernst equation?

1 A) 61/z × log [ion]out/ [ion]in

2 B) 61/z × log [ion]in/ [ion]out 3 C) log 61/z × [ion]in/ [ion]out

4 D) log 61/z × [ion]out/ [ion]in

1 A) the electrical charges of the ions

2 B) the permeabilities of the ions

3 C) the solubilities of the ions

4 D) the sizes of the ions

5 E) the temperature

Answer: B

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

30) The resting membrane potential results from

1 A) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane only

2 B) differences in membrane permeability to Na+and K+

3 C) activity of the sodium/potassium pump only

4 D) uneven distribution of ions across the cell membrane and differences in

membrane permeability to Na+and K+

5 E) None of the answers are correct

Answer: D

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.5 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

5 E) sodium, potassium, or calcium Answer: E

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

33) Ion channel inactivation is

1 A) closing of the channel in response to decrease in the stimulus

2 B) closing of the channel even when the stimulus continues 3 C) any type of channel closing

4 D) None of the answers are correct Answer:

B

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

34) The total amount of neurotransmitter released at the axon terminal is directly related to

1 A) the amplitude of the action potential

2 B) the length of the axon

3 C) the total number of action potentials

4 D) the amplitude of the graded potential

36) The rising phase of the action potential is due to

1 A) Na+flow into the cell only

2 B) Na+flow out of the cell only

3 C) K+flow out of the cell only

4 D) K+flow into the cell only

5 E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell

37) The falling phase of the action potential is due primarily to

1 A) Na+flow in the cell only

2 B) Na+flow out of the cell only

3 C) K+flow out of the cell only

4 D) K+flow into the cell only

5 E) Na+flow out of the cell and K+flow into the cell

38) The point during an action potential when the inside of the cell has become more positive

than the outside is known as the

39) Choose all of the items that are incorrectly matched

1 A) inactivation gate — closed at rest

2 B) activation gate — open at rest

3 C) inactivation gate — closed during repolarization

4 D) activation gate — opens during depolarization

5 E) All of the answers are incorrectly matched

40) The absolute refractory period of an action potential

1 A) only ensures one-way travel down an axon

2 B) only allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first

3 C) only prevents summation of action potentials

4 D) ensures one-way travel down an axon and allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first

5 E) ensures one-way travel down an axon, allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first, and prevents summation of action potentials

Answer: E

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

41) In order to signal a stronger stimulus, action potentials become

1 A) higher in amplitude only

2 B) more frequent only

3 C) longer-lasting only

4 D) higher in amplitude and more frequent

5 E) higher in amplitude and longer-lasting

42) All of the following must occur before a second action potential can begin, EXCEPT

1 A) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original compartments

2 B) the Na+inactivation gate must open and the Na+activation gate must close

3 C) the absolute refractory period must occur

4 D) the Na+and K+ions that moved in/out of the cell must move back to their original

compartments; the Na+ inactivation gate must open; and the Na+ activation gate must close

5 E) None of the answers are correct

43) Voltage-regulated channels are located

1 A) within the cytosol only

2 B) in the membranes of dendrites only

3 C) in the membranes of axons only

4 D) on the neuron cell body only

5 E) in the membranes of dendrites, in the membranes of axons, and on the

neuron cell body Answer: E

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

44) The sodium-potassium exchange pump

1 A) must re-establish ion concentrations after each action potential

2 B) transports sodium ions into the cell during depolarization

3 C) transports potassium ions out of the cell during repolarization

4 D) moves sodium and potassium in the direction of their chemical gradients

5 E) requires ATP to function

45) The all-or-none principle states that

1 A) all stimuli will produce identical action potentials

2 B) all stimuli great enough to bring the membrane to threshold will produce action potentials of identical magnitude

3 C) the greater the magnitude of the stimuli, the greater the intensity of the action potential

4 D) only sensory stimuli can activate action potentials

5 E) only motor stimuli can activate action potentials

Answer: B

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge 46) When voltage-gated Na+ channels of a resting neuron open,

1 A) Na+enters the neuron

2 B) Na+leaves the neuron

3 C) the neuron depolarizes

4 D) Na+enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

5 E) Na+leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

47) When voltage-gated K+ channels of a resting neuron open,

1 A) K+enters the neuron

2 B) K+leaves the neuron

3 C) the neuron depolarizes

4 D) K+enters the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

5 E) K+leaves the neuron and the neuron depolarizes

Answer: B

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

48) In the membrane of a resting nerve cell, when chemically gated Cl- channels open,

1 A) Cl- ions enter the cell

2 B) Cl- ions leave the cell

3 C) the cell becomes depolarized

4 D) Cl- ions enter the cell and the cell becomes depolarized

5 E) Cl- ions leave the cell and the cell becomes depolarized

Answer: A Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

50) Action potentials are primarily associated with the membranes of

1 A) dendrites only

2 B) cell bodies only

3 C) axons only

4 D) dendrites and axons

5 E) cell bodies and axons

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

1 A) length of the axon

2 B) presence or absence of a myelin sheath

3 C) diameter of the axon

4 D) presence or absence of nodes of Ranvier

5 E) whether axon is sensory or motor

53) Graded potentials may

1 A) initiate an action potential

2 B) depolarize the membrane to the threshold voltage

3 C) hyperpolarize the membrane

4 D) be called EPSPs or IPSPs

5 E) All of the statements are true

Answer: E Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Learning Outcome: 8.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

54) Some neurotoxins work essentially the same way as some local anesthetics, which is to

1 A) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter only

2 B) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them only

3 C) prevent depolarization by blocking Na+entry into the cell only

4 D) inactivate the enzyme that destroys the neurotransmitter and bind to Na+channels and inactivate them

5 E) bind to Na+channels and inactivate them and prevent depolarization by blocking

Na+entry into the cell

55) The major determinant of the resting potential of all cells is

1 A) Ca2+concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid

2 B) Na+concentration in the blood and interstitial fluid

3 C) K+gradient between the blood and interstitial fluid

4 D) K+concentration inside cells

5 E) Na+concentration inside cells

Answer: C

Section: Electrical Signals in Neurons

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

58) Which type of synapse is most prevalent in the nervous system?

1 A) send action potentials with higher voltage (higher amplitude)

2 B) send action potentials with longer durations

3 C) send action potentials with higher frequency

4 D) do nothing; no change is possible since the all-or-none law is in effect Answer: C

Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.13 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

5 E) All of the answers are correct

Answer: D

Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

62) The inhibitory neurotransmitters of the CNS, GABA and glycine, act by opening channels

64) Which of the following is NOT a known drug effect on synaptic function?

1 A) interfere with neurotransmitter synthesis

2 B) alter the rate of neurotransmitter release

3 C) prevent neurotransmitter inactivation

4 D) prevent neurotransmitter binding to receptors

5 E) change the type of neurotransmitter found in the synaptic vesicle

1 A) Ion channels open, allowing ions to enter or exit

2 B) The membrane permeability is altered

3 C) A second messenger is activated on the inside of the cell

4 D) Any of these actions could happen next

2 B) release of the neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft

3 C) release of a neurohormone into the blood

4 D) Any of the above could happen next

Answer: D

Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.13

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

68) Calcium is important in the synapse because it

1 A) is necessary for acetylcholine synthesis

2 B) signals the exocytosis of the neurotransmitter

3 C) binds to receptors on the postsynaptic cell, opening ion channels, and

triggering graded potentials

4 D) leaves the axon terminal, hyperpolarizing the cell

Answer: B Section: Cell-to-Cell Communication in the Nervous System

Learning Outcome: 8.13

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

69) In response to binding a neurotransmitter, a postsynaptic cell can

1 A) only open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known

as fast synaptic

potentials

2 B) only close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems,

producing slow responses

3 C) only regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell

4 D) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic

potentials and regulate protein synthesis and affect the metabolic activities of the postsynaptic cell

5 E) open chemically gated ion channels, causing graded potentials known as fast synaptic

potentials, close ion channels via G proteins and second messenger systems,

72) Identify the FALSE statement

1 A) EPSPs that reach threshold can initiate an action potential

2 B) The trigger zone is the integrating center of the neuron

3 C) IPSPs depolarize the membrane

4 D) All of the statements are true

73) An excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)

1 A) depolarizes a neuron, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential

2 B) hyperpolarizes a neuron, decreasing the likelihood of an action potential

3 C) depolarizes a neuron, increasing the likelihood of an action potential

4 D) hyperpolarizes a neuron, increasing the likelihood of an action potential Answer: C

Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer

Learning Outcome: 8.14

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

74) Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs)

1 A) result in local depolarizations

2 B) result in local hyperpolarizations

3 C) increase membrane permeability to sodium ions

4 D) prevent the escape of potassium ions

5 E) prevent the escape of calcium ions

Answer: B

Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer

Learning Outcome: 8.14

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Knowledge

75) When two or more graded potentials arrive at the trigger zone, which of the following could happen?

1 A) An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out

2 B) Two excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur

3 C) Two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability

4 D) An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out and two

excitatory stimuli may be additive, and summation could occur

5 E) An excitatory and inhibitory signal can cancel each other out; two excitatory stimuli

may be additive, and summation could occur; and two inhibitory stimuli may be additive, resulting in lower excitability

Answer: E

Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer

Learning Outcome: 8.14 Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

76) Presynaptic facilitation makes a pathway

1 A) less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons

2 B) more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons

3 C) capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning

4 D) less likely to be in use, just through hyperpolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning

5 E) more likely to be in use, just through depolarization of selected neurons and capable of alteration, just through training and conditioning

77) Spatial summation refers to

1 A) electrical signals reaching neurons from outer space

2 B) multiple graded potentials arriving at one location simultaneously

3 C) repeated graded potentials reaching the trigger zone one after the other

4 D) suprathreshold potentials triggering action potentials that are extra large

5 E) All of the answers are correct

1 A) An action potential is fired off more quickly than usual

2 B) Nothing They will cancel each other out

3 C) The cell becomes hyperpolarized

4 D) The cell becomes easier to excite

5 E) The cell dies

Answer: B

Section: Integration of Neural Information Transfer

Learning Outcome: 8.14

Bloom’s Taxonomy: Comprehension

79) When multiple, possibly even conflicting signals reach a neuron, the neuron evaluates the

signals and may respond or not This property is called