Chuyên đề 4 tính từ

Chuyên đề 4 tính từ Chuyên đề 4 tính từ Chuyên đề 4 tính từ Chuyên đề 4 tính từ Chuyên đề 4 tính từ

Chuyê n đê 4: Từ loạ i

Buổi 1: Tính từ

1 Các hậu tố chỉ tính từ (adjective suffixes)

PREFIX/

SUFFIX

-ful Noun + -ful Helpful, beautiful, useful, painful

-less Noun + -ful Homeless, careless, useless, painless Mang nghĩa “không” -ly Noun + -ly Friendly, lovely, lively, lonely

-al Noun + -al National, emotional

-ous Noun + -ous Delicious, famous, continuous

-ish Noun + -ish (1) có liên hệ tới hoặc điển hình của trẻ con, e.g.:

childish handwriting (chữ viết trông như của trẻ con)

(2) (khi nói về người lớn) hành xử ngu ngốc, ấu trĩ như trẻ con, e.g.: Don’t be so childish! (Đừng

có trẻ con thế chứ!) (3) khi dùng với màu sắc  mang nghĩa “hơi hơi”, e.g.: yellowish (hơi vàng), reddish (hơi đỏ), greenish (hơi xanh)

-y Noun + -y Sunny, rainy, windy, cloudy, stormy Thường dùng với từ chỉ

thời tiết -like Noun + -like Womanlike, girl-like, childlike

-ic Noun + -ic Economic, historic, specific

-ed Noun + -ed Interested, excited

-ing Noun + -ing Interesting, exciting

-proof Noun + -proof Waterproof

-some Noun + -some Handsome, awesome, troublesome, quarrelsome

-ive Verb/ noun + -

ive

Active, passive, decisive

-ent Verb + -ent Independent

-able/ble Verb + -able Comfortable, acceptable, reasonable Vegetable không phải

adj -ant Verb + -ant Relevant, ignorant

2 Vị trí của tính từ

a Thường đứng trước danh từ:

a quiet restaurant = một nhà hàng yên

tĩnh a new car = một chiếc xe ô tô mới

b Đứng sau các động từ liên kết: be, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get, stay, appear, become, seem

The girl is beautiful = Cô gái đó đẹp

This coffee tastes good = Cà phê này có vị thơm ngon

Ngoại lệ:

 Một số tính từ chỉ luôn xuất hiện trước danh từ mà thôi:

Những tính từ này bao gồm main, only, indoor, outdoor, inner, outer, principal, former, upper,

elder, eldest, little (small)

- Be careful crossing the main road

- She was the only person to turn up at the meeting = Cô ấy là người duy nhất đến buổi họp

- Indoor swimming pools are quickly becoming incredibly popular

- I'm not really the outdoor type (= I prefer indoor activities)

- An inner voice told him that what he was doing was wrong

- You can touch the outer layers of the skin

- New roads will link the principal cities of the area

- This beautiful old building has been restored to its former glory

- The upper lip

- John is my elder brother/ the eldest brother in my family

- It’s a nice little house

3 Tính từ dùng sau The

The + adj: dùng để chỉ một nhóm người :

a Chỉ vị trí kinh tế, xã hội

The disadvantaged = những người bị thiệt thòi

The underprivileged = những người bị thiệt thòi về quyền lợi The homeless = những người vô gia cư

The hungry = những người bị đói

The poor = những người nghèo

b Chỉ tình trạng cơ thể/ sức khỏe

The rich = những người giàu

The starving = những người đói ăn

The weak = những người yếu

The strong = những người mạnh

The unemployed = những người thất nghiệp

The deaf = những người điếc The blind = những người mù The disabled = những người bị tàn tật

The handicapped = những người bị tật nguyền

c Chỉ tuổi tác

The young = những người trẻ

The elderly = những người cao tuổi

The dead = những người đã mất

The living = những người còn sống

The sick = những người bệnh

The old = những người già

The middle-aged = những người trung niên

4 Một số tính từ có thể được sử dụng sau danh từ tương tự như mênh đề tính từ

Cách sử dụng này phổ biến với các tính từ tận cùng bằng able/ ible

 Send all the tickets available/ available tickets (…tickets which are available)

5 Dùng tính từ sau something, everything, anything, nothing, somebody, anywhere…

 Have you read anything interesting lately?

 Let’s go somewhere quiet

6 Động từ + tân ngữ + tính từ

I will get the car ready = Tôi sẽ chuẩn bị xe sẵn sàng

Let’s paint the bedroom blue = Hãy sơn phòng ngủ màu

xanh The film made me sad = Bộ phim làm cho tôi buồn

He found the book difficult to understand = Anh ta nhận thấy cuốn sách khó hiểu

7 Tính từ tận cùng bằng –ed/ V-ing

Tính từ tận cùng bằng –ed như interested, bored, excited, surprised…cho biết người ta cảm thấy như thế nào (bị làm cho cảm thấy như thế), còn các tính từ tận cùng bằng –ing như interesting, boring, exciting, surprising,… mô tả người hoặc vật gây ra cảm giác đó

 I was very interested in the film = Tôi rất thích bộ phim đó (Tôi cảm thấy thích/ Thích là cảm giác của tôi khi xem bộ film)

 The film was really interesting = Bộ phim đó rất thú vị (Bộ film gây ra cảm giác thích thú)

Bạ i tạ p vê tí nh từ

1 He is not tall enough to ride the roller coaster yet He is too………

2 Your baby is so cute He is………

3 He is really daring and loves exciting, new escapades He is very………

4 She is very beat and tidy She is very………

5 The sky is not cloudy They sky is very ……….today

6 That shirt is not dark and boring In fact, it’s very colorful and………

7 I can’t see anything because none of the lights are on in here It’s too……… to see

8 There are too many people here today It’s too………

9 She is not ugly In fact, she is the opposite She is very………

10 He is not sleepy today Rather, he is very ………….and attentive

11 Sometimes, he is forceful and assertive He is……….at times

A timid B unsightly C aggressive D spotless

12 This is not an interesting book It’s too……….and tedious

A dull B interesting C handsome D elegant

13 She is graceful and stylish and likes simple but beautiful designs She is………

14 This book is not like the others It’s very different and………

15 This room is not clean at all In fact, it’s………

16 This restaurant is extravagant and expensive It looks very………

17 He is not a homely man Rather, he is quite………

18 She is not trendy and modern She is………

A hip B cool C old-fashioned D chic

19 She is not glamorous She is very………

A scenic B plain C sensational D thrilling

20 This diamond is very expensive It’s very rare and………

21 The café is charming and small It’s very……… and I like it

A quaint B queasy C quarrelsome D overcast

22 That ring is not dull and muted It’s very………

23 This room is not dirty at all It’s………

24 That port is not nice to look at because it’s been abandoned and is very dirty It’s very………

25 That dress is unique It’s quite………

26 His grades are not good but they aren’t that bad either He’s an………student

A honor B remarkable C outstanding D average

27 The lights in this room are not bright at all The lights are very………in here

28 I don’t have a lot of time to talk to you this week I’m very……….with work at the moment

29 He is not reckless and careless He is very………

30 He is not stupid In fact, he is quite bright and………

31 The machine is not safe to use It’s very………

32 That painting is not real It is a copy so it’s………

33 The sky is not clear today It’s………

34 I am not bored and uninterested I am ……….and interested

35 The weather is not calm and peaceful It’s thundery and………

36 That question was not difficult It was………

37 She is not outgoing and sociable at first She is………

A shy B friendly C extroverted D departing

38 That painting is unlike the others It’s very ……… and unusual

A ordinary B familiar C regular D different

39 He is not weak and frail He is very………

40 He is not energetic and alert right now He is very tired and ………

41 That machine is not fragile and breakable It’s very tough and ………

42 He is not pleasant and agreeable He is rather………

A supportive B encouraging C annoying D dull

43 The Grand Canyon is not a tiny or small area It’s very………

44 Babies are not independent or self-reliant They are generally very………

A helpless B free C self-governing D freed

45 She is not humble and modest She is very………

46 She is not calm and relaxed She is very………

47 She is not dull and boring She is very sensational and………

48 He was not happy and cheerful last night He was very ………and irritable

49 That family is living on the streets They are………

50 She is not well and healthy She is………

ĐÁ P Á N BÁ I TÁ P TI NH TỪ

1 He is not tall enough to ride the roller coaster yet He is too………

 Đáp án B not tall enough = không đủ cao (= short: thấp)

2 Your baby is so cute He is………

 Đáp án A cute = adorable: đáng yêu

3 He is really daring and loves exciting, new escapades He is very………

 Đáp án D escapade: hành động phiêu lưu; adventurous:thích phiêu lưu, mạo hiểm

4 She is very neat and tidy She is very………

 Đáp án C neat and tidy = ngăn nắp và gọn gang; clean: sạch sẽ.

5 The sky is not cloudy They sky is very ……….today

 Đáp án A not cloudy = không có mây Clear: sáng sủa(trời)

6 That shirt is not dark and boring In fact, it’s very colorful and………

 Đáp án C not dark and boring = colorful and bright.

7 I can’t see anything because none of the lights are on in here It’s too……… to see

 Đáp án D none of the lights are on = dark

8 There are too many people here today It’s too………

 Đáp án B too many people = crowded

9 She is not ugly In fact, she is the opposite She is very………

 Đáp án A not ugly, gần nghĩa với attractive (lôi cuốn)

10 He is not sleepy today Rather, he is very ………….and attentive

 Đáp án B alert: tỉnh táo

11 Sometimes, he is forceful and assertive He is……….at times

A timid B unsightly C aggressive D spotless

 Đáp án C forceful and assertive: mạnh mẽ và quyết đoán Aggressive: năng nổ, xông xáo.

12 This is not an interesting book It’s too……….and tedious

 Đáp án A not interesting = dull: chán ngắt, buồn tẻ

13 She is graceful and stylish and likes simple but beautiful designs She is………

 Đáp án A Câu trên nghĩa là: Cô ấy duyên dáng, phong cách và thích những thiết kế đơn giản nhưng đẹp Cô ấy thanh lịch/ tao nhã.

14 This book is not like the others It’s very different and………

 Đáp án D distinct = different: khác biệt

15 This room is not clean at all In fact, it’s………

 Đáp án A filthy (bẩn thỉu) = not clean

16 This restaurant is extravagant and expensive It looks very………

 Đáp án D extravagant: đắt đỏ (về giá = pricey)

17 He is not a homely man Rather, he is quite………

 Đáp án A homely: thô kệch (người, nét mặt)

18 She is not trendy and modern She is………

 Đáp án C not trendy and modern (không hợp thời, không hiện đại) = old-fashioned(không hợp thời, lạc hậu)

19 She is not glamorous She is very………

A scenic B plain C sensational D thrilling

 Đáp án B not glamorous (không đẹp,quyến rũ); plain: mộc mạc

20 This diamond is very expensive It’s very rare and………

 Đáp án C precious: quý giá/ quý báu.

21 She is not well and healthy She is………

22 That ring is not dull and muted It’s very………

 Đáp án A shiny: sáng bóng

23 This room is not dirty at all It’s………

 Đáp án D spotless: sạch sẽ, tinh tươm

24 That port is not nice to look at because it’s been abandoned and is very dirty It’s very………

 Đáp án B unsightly: xấu xí, không đẹp mắt fresh: tươi mới, gorgeous: lộng lẫy, orderly: trật tự, có trật tự

25 That dress is unique It’s quite………

 Đáp án C unique: độc đáo Unusual: khác thường;

26 His grades are not good but they aren’t that bad either He’s an………student

A honor B remarkable C outstanding D average

 Đáp án D not good but not bad either = average

27 The lights in this room are not bright at all The lights are very………in here

 Đáp án D Not bright = dim: tối lờ mờ.

28 I don’t have a lot of time to talk to you this week I’m very……….with work at the moment

 Đáp án A don’t have a lot of time (kết quả) = be busy (nguyên nhân).

29 He is not reckless and careless He is very………

 Đáp án D not reckless and careless = cautious: thận trọng, cẩn trọng

30 He is not stupid In fact, he is quite bright and………

 Đáp án C not stupid, quite bright and clever: không ngốc ngếch, khá hoạt bát và khôn ngoan.

31 The machine is not safe to use It’s very………

A dangerous B expecting C sound D secure

 Đáp án A not safe = dangerous

32 That painting is not real It is a copy so it’s………

 Đáp án C not real = fake

33 The sky is not clear today It’s………

A cloudy B harmful C reliable D bubbly

 Đáp án A not clear = cloudy

34 I am not bored and uninterested I am ……….and interested

 Đáp án D not bored >< excited

35 The weather is not calm and peaceful It’s thundery and………

 Đáp án B stormy: giông tố, thundery: sấm chớp đùng đùng.

36 That question was not difficult It was………

 Đáp án C easy = not difficult

37 She is not outgoing and sociable at first She is………

A shy B friendly C extroverted D departing

 Đáp án A not outgoing and sociable = shy: bẽn lẽn, e thẹn

38 That painting is unlike the others It’s very ……… and unusual

 Đáp án D be unlike others = be different

39 He is not weak and frail He is very………

A feeble B puny C strong D tired

 Đáp án C not weak and frail: không yếu đuối, không ẻo lả.

40 He is not energetic and alert right now He is very tired and ………

A exhausted B aware C watchful D ready

 Đáp án A not energetic and alert: thiếu sinh lực, thiếu tỉnh táo Exhausted: kiệt sức, mệt lừ.

41 That machine is not fragile and breakable It’s very tough and ………

 Đáp án B not fragile and breakable: không yếu ớt, không dễ vỡ tough and well-built:dẻo dai và lực lưỡng.

42 He is not pleasant and agreeable He is rather………

 Đáp án C not pleasant and agreeable: không thoải mái và khó ý, annoying = khó chịu, làm bực mình.

43 The Grand Canyon is not a tiny or small area It’s very………

 Đáp án B tiny and small: bé tí và nhỏ Vast: rộng lớn, mênh mông.

44 Babies are not independent or self-reliant They are generally very………

A helpless B free C self-governing D freed

 Đáp án A helpless = không tự lo liệu được; self-reliant = tự lực.

45 She is not humble and modest She is very………

A arrogant B lazy C nervous D open

 Đáp án A humble and modest: nhún nhường và khiêm tốn Arrogant: kiêu ngạo

46 She is not calm and relaxed She is very………

A frantic B lonely C slow D lonesome

 Đáp án A frantic: điên cuồng, điên rồ.

47 She is not dull and boring She is very sensational and………

A glamorous B ill C general D sick

 Đáp án A sensational and glamorous:gây náo động dư luận và đẹp say đắm.

48 He was not happy and cheerful last night He was very ………and irritable

 Đáp án B grumpy and irritable: gắt gỏng và cáu kỉnh.

49 That family is living on the streets They are………

 Đáp án C homeless: vô gia cư

50 The café is charming and small It’s very……… and I like it

A quaint B queasy C quarrelsome D overcast

 Đáp án A quaint: cổ kính, có nét cổ

BUỔI 2: TÍNH TỪ (tiếp)

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences for each situation Use the word given + the ending –ing or –ed

1 The film wasn’t as good as we had expected (disappoint-)

a The film was ………

b We were ……… with the film

2 Diana teaches young children It’s a very hard job but she enjoys it (exhaust-)

a She enjoys her job but it’s often………

b At the end of a day’s work, she is often………

3 It’s been raining all day I hate this weather (depress-)

a This weather is………

b This weather makes me………

c It’s silly to get……… because of the weather

4 Clare is going to the United States next month She has never been there before (excit-)

a It will be an………experience for her

b Going to new places is always………

c She is really……… about going to the United States

Exercise 2: Choose A, B, C or D that best fits the blank

5 He is much admired for his skills

A technical B technician C technically D techniques

6 Thanks very much for your response

7 My teacher always smiles at me in a way whenever I see her

A friendly B friendship C friend D friendliness

8 It would be for you to stay here

9 The country has had many disasters recently

A nature B natural C naturalist D natured

10 All of us were at her success

A surprise B surprised C surprising D surprisingly

11 The river has been seriously

A pollution B pollutant C polluted D unpolluted

12 She has been played an part in the smooth running of the business

A essential B essentially C essence D essentials

13 The system is impossible to deal with most of the time

A practical B practically C practice D practicality

14 He said he wanted to speak to me

A privacy B privately C privatize D private