-> I study hard in order not to pass the exam.. We want to have better communication with other people.. --> We learn English in order to have better communication with other people.. --
Trang 1Phrase and Clause of Purpose I/ Clause of Purpose : Mệnh đề chỉ mục đích - So That/In Order That để mà
Form :
S + V1/s/es + O So That, In
Order That
S + can/will + V0 + O
Lưu ý:Thông thường nếu không có NOT thì dùng can /could còn có NOT thì dùng won't / wouldn't
,trừ những trường hợp có ý ngăn cấm thì mới dùng can't/couldn't
ex1: I study hard so that I can pass the exam
ex2: I study hard so that I won't fail the exam
ex3: I hide the toy so that my mother can't see it
II/ Phrase of Purpose : cụm từ chỉ mục đích - In Order To/So As To/To để mà
Form : + + Inf
S + V + O
In Order To
So As To To
+ V0
Lưu ý: Nếu có NOT thì để NOT trước TO, tuy nhiên mẫu TO không áp dụng được trường hợp có
NOT
ex1: I study hard I want to pass the exam
-> I study hard in order to / so as to /to pass the exam
ex2: I study hard I don't want to fail the exam
-> I study hard in order not to pass the exam
-> I study hard so as not to /to pass the exam
III.Các dạng bài tập:
1.Dạng bài tập 1: sau want không có tân
Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ thành 1 câu có cụm từ chỉ mục đích hoặc mệnh đề chỉ mục đích
Ex: *He gets up early every morning He wants to learn his lessons
>He gets up early every morning so as to learn his lessons (câu này đổi dưới dạng Phrases of purpose).
> Duy gets up early every morning so that he can learn his lessons (đổi dưới dạng Clauses of purpose).
* We learn English We want to have better communication with other people
> We learn English in order to have better communication with other people
> We learn English so that we will have better communication with other people
* He was in a hurry He wanted to catch the bus
> He was in a hurry to catch the bus
> He was in a hurry in order that he would catch the bus
2.Dạng bài tập 2: Nối 2 câu có cùng chủ ngữ nhưng sau “want” có tân ngữ hoặc túc từ
Ex: * He gave me his address He wanted me to visit him (want + túc từ).
> He gave me his address so that I would visit him (Clauses of purpose)
Trang 2*They whispered They didn’t want anyone to hear their conversation (“want” + tân ngữ).
> They whispered in order that no one could hear conversation
*2 câu trên nếu muốn use phrase of purpose, ta phải theo công thức sau:
in order for + O (túc từ) + to-inf
Ex: * He gave me his address in order for me to visit him
> They whispered in order for no one to hear their conversation
3.Dạng bài tập 3: Đổi một câu từ “phrase of purpose” sang “clauses of purpose” hoặc ngược lại.
Ex: * We hurried to school so as not to be late
> We hurried to school so that she wouldn’t be late
* she locked the door so that she wouldn’t be disturbed
> she locked the door so as not to be disturbed
* He studied hard in order to pass his exam
> He studied hard so that he can pass his exam
Exercise 1 Rewrite the following sentences using infinitive phrase / clause:
1) People use money so that they can buy things they need (in order to)
2) Banks are developed so that they can keep people’s money safe (in order to)
3) Mr Brown is going to the bank to borrow some money (so that )
_
4) Alice borrowed an eraser to erase a mistake in his composition (so that )
_
5) I need to buy some laundry detergent so that I will wash my clothes (in order to)
6) I moved to the front of the room so as to see better (so that )
_
7) I came to this school so that I could learn English (in order to)
_
8) He gave her the key for her to open the door (so that )
_
9) Mary took her brother to school for him to learn English (so that )
_
10) Please arrive early for us to start the meeting on time (so that )
_
11) He wrote to David of his interest in science to ask for work (so that )
12) Kathy built a high wall round her garden for the fruits not to be stolen (so that )
13) Tom was playing very softly so that he wouldn’t disturb anyone (in order not to)
14) They rushed into the burning house so that they could save the child (in order to)
Trang 315) Lan often attends English Speaking Club to practice speaking English (so that )
_ 16) He stood on the chair to see better (in order to)
_ 17) Please shut the gate for the cows not to get out of the cowshed (so that )
_ 18) The boy tiptoed into the room not to wake every body up (so that )
Exercise 2 : Hãy nối những câu sau đây dùng : SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT
1) The boys stood on the desks They wanted to get a better view
………
2) We learn English We want to have better communication with other people
………
3) We lower the volume We don't want to bother our neighbours
………
4) I will write to you I want you to know my decision soon
………
5) these girls were talking whispers They didn't want anyone to hear their conversation
………
6) The little girl feigned to be sick She hoped We didn't make her work
………
7) I spoke loudly I wanted everybody could hear me clearly
………
8) Mary often goes home as soon as the class is over She doesn't want her mother to wait for her
………
9) Tom gets up early He doesn't want to be late for school
………
10) Wellfrog hid the sweets under his pillow He didn't want his mother to see them
………
Exercise 3 Rewrite these sentences with SO THAT/IN ORDER THAT
1) We hurried to school so as not to be late
………
2) He climbed the tree in order to get a better view
………
3) Some young people like to earn their own living in order to be independent of their parents
………
4) We should do morning exercises so as to improve our health
………
5) We should take advantage of the scientific achievements of the world so as to develop our national economy
………
6) Every people in the world must unite their efforts to maintain and protect peace
………
Trang 47) She put on warm clothes so as not to catch cold.
………
8) He hurried to the station so as not to miss the train
………
9) She locked the door in order not to be disturbed
………
10) I tried to be on time so as not to make our teacher sad
………
Exerciese 4: CHOOSE THE CORRECT ANSWER
1/ “I spoke slowly The foreigner could understandme” Means
a I spoke slowly so that the foreigner could understand me
b I spoke slowly in order to the foreigner could understand me
c I spoke slowly that the foreigner could understand me
d I spoke slowly to make the foreigner could understand me
2/ He had to explain the lesson very clearly………
a in order that his student to understandit b so that his students could understand it
c so as his students to understand it d so that his students to understand it 3/ He studies very hard ………
a in order to fail the examination b so that to get knowledge
c so as not to pass examination d in order that he could be illiterate
4/ We have to start early………we won’t be late
a so that b so as to c because d although
5/ They were talking in whispers………… nobody could hear them
a in order to b so that c in order that d b and c arte correct 6/ He hurried to the station He didn’t want to miss the train
a he hurried to the station so that he couldn’t miss the train
b he hurried to the station in order that he couldn’t miss the train
c he hurried to the station not to miss the train d all are correct 7/ She went to the library in order that she could borrow some books
a.she went to the library so as to borrow some books
b.she went to the library that she could borrow some books
c.she went to the library so that she could borrow some books d all are correct 8/ The schoolboys are in hurry……….they will not be late for school
a so as to b to c in order that d for
9/ We set off early……… we wouldn’t get stuck in the traffic
a although b so that c because d in case
10/ I shouted in order that I could warn everybody of danger
a I shouted to warn everybody of danger
b I shouted so as to warn everybody of danger
c I shouted so that to warn everybody of danger
d a and b are correct
Trang 5Choose the best answer for the following sentences:
1 I moved to the front of the room _ I could see better
2 The boy tiptoed into the room _ wake everybody up
A so as to B in order that C so as not to D in order to
3 He turned out the light waste electricity
4 I am lighting the fire so that the house _ be warm when they return
5 Mary worked hard _ pass the examination
A as so to B so as to C so that to D in order not to
6 She is taking science course at school order to choose science for her profession
7 She weighed herself _ know the pull of the earth exerting on her
8 He hurried so that he miss the train
9 He does morning exercises regularly _ to improve his health
10 Mary took her brother to school for him English
Exercies 5:Match the sentences in the most appropriate way and then write two sentences as
one using to-infinitive.
1.Trees were planted along the street a He wants to look smart
2 I swept the broken glass off the path b This was done to reduce traffic noise
3 He bought a truck c She wants to finance her studies
4 Laura went to the bank d I wanted to prevent an accident
5 The staff are working at weekend e He wanted to hear the football results
6 Tom turned on the radio f I wanted to report that my car had been stolen
7 Just this once Mike is going to wear a suit g They want to complete the project in time
8 Jessica is borrowing some money h We wanted to buy some fruit
9 We went to the market i He did this to carry out his business
10 I phoned to the police station j She wanted to cash a cheque
1/ Clause of result : so/ such …………that
- S + V+ SO + ADJ / ADV + THAT + S + V quá đến nỗi mà
- S + V + SUCH + ( A/ AN ) + ADJ + NOUN + THAT + S + V quá đến nỗi mà
CLAUSE AND PHRASE OF RESULT
Trang 6EX : It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything
The student had behaved so badly that he was dismissed from the class
It was such a hot day that we decided to stay at home
There are such beautiful pictures that everybody will want one
* NOTES :
so many/ few + plural noun + that
so much/ little + uncountable noun + that
so + adj +a/an + singular noun + that
Ex : The Smiths had so many children that they formed their own baseket ball team
He has invested so much money in the project that he can’t abandon it now
2/ Phrase of result : TOO/ ENOUGH
a) S + V+ TOO + adj / adv ( for + o ) + TO INFINITIVE quá đến nỗi mà
b) S + V+ adj / adv + ENOUGH + ( for +o) + TO INFINITIVE đủ để làm gì
c) S + V + ENOUGH + NOUN + ( for +O) To ÌNFINITIVE đủ để làm gì
Ex: 1/ He is so short that he can’t play basketball.
He is too short to play baseket ball
He isn’t tall enough to play baseket ball
2/ It was so dark that I couldn’t see anything
It was too dark for me to see anything
It was n’t bright enough for me to see anything
3/ He dont have enough money to buy this house
I Use SO or SUCH, TOO, ENOUGH :
1 The sun shone _ brightly that she had to put on her glasses
2 There were _ few students registered that the class was cancelled
3 We had _ wonderful memories of that place that we decided to return
4 It was a nice day that we decided to go to the beach
5 The book looked _ interesting that we decided to read it
6 Ray called at _ an early hour that we weren’t awke yet
7 There were many people on the bus that we decided to walk
8 The benefit was _ great a success that the promoters decided to repeat it
9 I’ m not rich _ to help you
10 This room is _ dark for us to study
11 He’s _ excellent worker! he deserves to get promoted
12 mmm… This pizza is _ tasty I think I’ll have another piece
13 That wall is _ high for me to climb I need a ladder
14 They had _ terrible weather in England that they came back in two days
15 I was _ hot coffee that I couldn’t drink it
16 You don’t need to hurry up, we have _ time to finish this exercise
17 It was _ small a car for all of us, so we had to go in two cars
18 Alonso didn’t drive fast _ to overtake Schumacher in the last race
Trang 719 Don’t worry about her She is clever _ to realise what she has to do
20 She didn’t speak loudly _ for the audience to hear her
II Complete the sentences using “enough”, “too” or the combinations of “enough/too” and
other words.
1 I think I have drunk (much) _ for tonight If I drank more, I wouldn’t be able to drive later on
2 She’s eighteen, so she’s (old) _order a beer
3 The generation gap between us is (strong) _to be broken We’re like chalk and cheese
4 You smoke (much) _You should smoke less
5 We can’t eat all this butter in a week! There’s (much) _
6 These earrings are (ugly) ! I will never wear them!
7 They have cut off the power: I don’t have (light) _finish reading this book
8 I’ve eaten _these canapés My stomach aches terribly as a result
9 It’s not surprising that you have failed your exams You’ve been going out (often)
10 This barrow is not (big) carry all this rubble We need a bigger one
11 He’s (short) _be a basketball player He’s only 1.60 meters tall
12 He’s (tall) be a policeman He’s 1.80 meters tall
13 The music’s (loud) If you turn up the volume control, it will
be (loud) _us; so, please don’t!
14 ‘How many flowers do we need to go around?’
‘We have _ Don’t worry about it We have the right amount.’
15 This field (large) _cultivate crops You don’t need another field!
16 ‘Are there (wafers) _?’ ‘Yes, there are We won’t be able to eat them all.’
17 You’re being (nasty)! Can’t you behave yourself once and for all?
18 Don’t go out! It’s (windy) _ Can’t you wait until it dies down?
III Complete the following sentences using the structure “too + adj + to infinitive”
1 The coffee is extremely hot I can’t drink it
2 The coat is very short He can’t wear it
Trang 83 The food was extremely hot We couldn’t eat the food
_
4 This exercise is very difficult She can’t do this exercise
_
5 The suitcase is very heavy The children can’t carry it upstairs
IV Complete the following sentences using the structure “adj + enough + to infinitive”
1 My brother is very strong He can lift this box
_
2 The man is very rich He can buy this expensive car
_
3 That play is very interesting You should see that play
_
4 The weather was wonderful We could walk round the lake
_
5 The food is extremely good The children can eat it
_
V.Complete the following sentences using the structure “so + adj + that”
1 The coffee is extremely hot The children can’t drink it
2 My brother is very strong He can lift this heavy table
_
3 That play is very interesting You should see it
4 The suitcase is very heavy Nobody can carry it upstairs
_
5 My brother is very intelligent He can do this difficult exercise
6 The man is extremely poor He can’t buy a new bike for his wife
VI Complete the following sentences using the structure “such…that”
1 This coat is very short He can’t wear it
Trang 92 The tea is very hot The children can’t drink it
_
3 The tests were quite difficult We couldn’t do them
_
4 The boy is very lazy Every body hates him
_
5 The girl is very intelligent She can do this difficult exercise
6 The shoes are very expensive I can’t buy them
VII.Choose the best option to complete each of the following sentence:
1 These two girls _ that I can’t tell them apart
a are so like b are so alike c are too like d alike enough
2 I don’t think our daughter is _ to understand this matter
a too young b is such young c not enough old d not age enough
3 Mrs Harrions is _ he owns many places
a so a rich man that b such an rich man that c such a rich man that d that so rich a man
4 The ceiling is
a too high for me to reach b too high for me to reach it
c so high for me reaching d enough high for me reaching
5 The woman was so beautiful _
a that I couldn’t help looking at b that I couldn’t help looking at her
c for me looking at her d that for me to look at
6 It is _ that I would like to go to the beach
a such a nice weather b too nice weather c such nice weather d such weather nice
7 These are that I can’t finish them
a a such long assignments b such long assignments
c such a long assignments d too long assignments
8 It is _ that I have read it twice
a such an interesting book b so interesting a book c too interesting a book d a & b
9 He I was scrared
a drove too fast that b drove so fastly that c drove so fast that d drove such fast that
10 She dances _everybody adores her
a such beatifully that b so beautiful that c so beautifully that d too beautifully that
11 It is _to go swimming
12 Jane is to do this exercise
a no intelligence enough b not intelligent enough
c not enough intelligent d so intelligent enough
13 I am a car
Trang 10a not rich enough to buy b too rich enough to buy c too poor to buy d a & c
14 It’s home from here
a too far walking b too far for walking c far to walk, too d too far to walk
15 The bed isn’t clean enough
a to lie in it b to lie in c for lying in d in which to lie
16 The piano was too heavy _
a for nobody to move b for nobody moving c for anyone to move d for anyone to moving
17 Have you got _ for everyone to moving?
18 He _ to be offered the job
a was such in experienced b was too inexperienced c not experienced enough d b & c
19 _ to go to the cinema
a It was late so that b That it was late c It was too late d Such too late
20 We don’t to go there now
a have time enough b enough time c have too time d have enough time
21 This song is simple enough for us to sing
a This song is so simple that we can sing b This song is so simple that we can sing it
c This song is so simple for us to sing d It is such a simple song that we can sing
22 The bag was too heavy for him to carry
a The bag wasn’t enough light for him to carry b The bag was so heavy that h couldn’t carry
c It was such a heavy bag for him to carry d It was such a heavy bag that he couldn’t carry it
23 The cake was too hot for him to eat
a The cake was so hot that for him to eat b The cake was so hot that he could eat
c The cake was so hot that he couldn’t eat it d The cake was so hot that he can’t eat it
24 Because they made too many mistakes, they failed in the exam
a They made so many mistakes that they failed in the exam
b They made so many mistakes as they failed in the exam
c They made so much mistakes that they failed in the exam
d They made too many mistakes that they failed in the exam
25 The story is short enough for her to read
a It is such a short story that she can read it b It is such a short story that she can read
c The story is too short for her to read d It is such a short story for her to read
VIII Identify one error:
1.She was such old that she couldn’t run
2 These days aren’t enough long for a good holiday
A B C D
3 There were so much books on the shelves that I didn’t know which one to choose
4 The soup was so hot for me to eat
A B C D
5 All the students in the class are enough good to pass the final exam
* LƯU Ý : nếu S 1 là vật mà O 2 (tân ngữ của MĐ sau that) nó nhắc lại dùng it
- Trong cấu trúc: so/such … that, ta giữ lại từ “it”