Hướng dẫn chơi Guitar

Cuốn sách này là thành quả của rất nhiều công sức và kinh nghiệm nghề nghiệp: bởi lẽ từ lần đầu tiên xuất bản tới nay, trải qua nhiều lần tái bản, chúng tôi đã có dịp gởi các "bản câu hỏi", và xin góp ý kiến của rất nhiều các nhạc sĩ sử dụng và dạy đàn Guitar về phương pháp tự học đề ra trong sách này

ecording ™

nome recording

Setting up a home recording studio allows you

to record music in the convenience of your

home Modern home recording systems generally

include all the basic components of professional

recording equipment and often produce close

There are a number of steps you should take

to properly set up your home recording studio

Each room will produce different sound, so you

may want to experiment with various rooms to

determine which one is best for recording

Soundproof Room

It is important to make the recording room

soundproof so that as little sound as possible

passes in or out of the room To avoid sound

coming through the door from outside, pad the

top and bottom of the door with soundproofing

material

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Dampen Sound Since sound has a tendency to bounce off hard, flat surfaces, creating an echo, you need to soften

the room you plan to use for recording to ensure good audio quality To dampen the sound, cover

the floor, walls and ceilings using rugs, heavy drapes or soundproofing material Also, remove

items, such as extra furniture, that may reflect

sound and cause an echo

Remove Noisy Items

Clear the room of items

that make noise, such

as a fan or other

electronic equipment

Recording equipment

also makes noise, so try

to keep only essential equipment in the room It is a good idea to place

all your recording equipment in a separate room

from the room where you will record the sound

If you cannot remove items from the room, you

should cover the items with heavy material

Do not cover up electronic equipment such as

a computer or amplifier, however, since the

equipment may overheat and malfunction or cause

a fire

CHAPTER 15: Home Recording

with mixers

A mixer is a device that allows you to input live or

recorded sounds and then combine and manipulate

the sounds

You can plug input devices, such as a microphone, an

electric guitar or an acoustic guitar that has a pickup,

into a mixer The number of channels a mixer has

determines the number of input devices you can plug

into the mixer For example, you can obtain a mixer

with eight channels that allow you to plug in eight devices

To work with the mixer, you connect the mixer to

a recording device For information on recording

devices, see page 274 You can also connect speakers

or headphones to the mixer so you can listen while you are recording sounds or playing back previously recorded sounds

You can use the mixer to incorporate effects, such

as reverb, delay or chorus, from effect pedals, a

multi-effects unit or rack-mounted effects For

information on effects, see pages 228 to 236

Adjust EQ

You can adjust the equalization (EQ), which involves

boosting or lowering the bass (low) and treble (mid

and high) frequencies of the sound from each channel

Adjust panning

The panning allows you to control which sounds

will be sent to the left or the right speaker

Provide phantom power to microphones

You can use some mixers to provide phantom power to microphones Condenser microphones

often require phantom power For information

on condenser microphones, see page 276

Adjust fader You can adjust the fader to change the level of the sound from each channel

Use preamp

Mixers usually have a built-in preamp that

you can use to convert a low-level signal to a

high-level signal

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devices

A recording device allows you to record sound,

such as that from a guitar Recording devices are

either analog or digital Analog recording devices

are no longer commonly used, but digital recording

devices are quite popular for home recording

Analog recordings are stored on cassette tapes or

reel-to-reel tapes, while digital recordings are stored

on CDs, hard disks, MiniDiscs or Flash memory

cards Digital recordings are easier to edit and have

a higher sound quality that does not degrade over

time Digital recordings also do not have the background hiss typically heard in analog recordings Recording devices record and store each instrument

or voice as a separate track Storing recorded information as individual tracks allows you to later work with each track separately so you can manipulate or add to the recorded information

without affecting other tracks

Multi-Track Recorder

A multi-track recorder is a device that allows

you to record one track while playing back another

track at the same time Basic multi-track recorders

can record up to 4 separate tracks, while advanced

multi-track recorders can record up to 8, 16 or 24

tracks

You can connect devices, such as headphones,

electric guitars and acoustic guitars with a pickup,

to a multi-track recorder You can also connect

microphones to a recorder to record acoustic

guitars without a pickup or vocals

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4-track and 8-track recorders usually come with

built-in mixers However, 16-track and 24-track recorders often do not have built-in mixers, so

you would need to connect an external mixer

to the recorder For information on mixers, see page 273 Many advanced recorders also have built-in effects, such as reverb, delay and chorus,

or built-in amplifier modeling, which allows

you to imitate the sound of different amplifiers Multi-track recorders can store recordings onto cassette tapes, CDs, hard disks, MiniDiscs or Flash memory cards Digital multi-track recorders allow you to perform limited editing tasks, such

as moving or deleting parts of a song With analog

multi-track recorders, the only way to edit a

recording is to cut and splice the tape

MiniDisc Recorder

MiniDisc recorders are becoming

increasingly popular MiniDisc

recorders are very small and

compact, but they can deliver

high-quality recordings By simply

plugging a microphone into a

Computer

You can use your computer as a recording device

Your computer must have a sound card that allows

you to plug in microphones and other line-level

devices, such as electric guitars and acoustic guitars

with a pickup Less expensive sound cards have

only one microphone input and one line-level

input, but more expensive sound cards can have

up to 24 inputs The sound quality is also better

with more expensive sound cards

You must use recording software to turn your

computer into a multi-track recorder Most

recording software includes mixer software that

offers most of the same features as an external

mixer Some people, however, use an external

mixer to make it easier to send signals into the

computer For example, if you need to connect

several devices to a computer with only one input,

you can plug all the devices into an external mixer

and then connect only the mixer to the computer

to avoid having to constantly plug and unplug

devices

Recording software also often has built-in effects,

such as reverb, chorus and delay To share your

CHAPTER 15: Home Recording

MiniDisc recorder, you can record

a live performance or your own music so you can then play the recording back to hear yourself

play or share your music with

others

music with others, recording software allows you

to create MP3 or Wave files or burn CDs of your music Popular recording software for PCs includes

Guitar Tracks, SONAR and Cool Edit For Macs, popular recording software includes Cubase, Logic and Digital Performer

your tracks, such as looping, or repeating specific bars over and over

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Q microonone

Selecting the proper type of microphone is crucial for

obtaining the best results in your home recordings

Generally, a higher-quality microphone increases the

quality of the sound you are able to record

Types of Microphones

Microphones come in two basic types—condenser

and dynamic Condenser microphones are

generally more expensive and more delicate than

dynamic microphones Condenser microphones

also have greater dynamic ranges and better

frequency responses compared to dynamic

microphones A greater dynamic range allows a

microphone to pick up the quietest or loudest

sounds, while a better frequency response allows it

to pick up a wider range of low and high

frequencies Condenser microphones require

batteries or an external power source to function,

while dynamic microphones do not

Condenser microphones are more commonly used

for acoustic guitars, while dynamic microphones

are more often used for electric guitars Since the

sounds generated by acoustic guitars are more

subtle, you also usually need to use better-quality

microphones for acoustic guitars than electric

Microphones have two common types of pick

up patterns—omnidirectional and directional Omnidirectional microphones are good for picking

up the sound of an entire room, while directional microphones are better for picking up sounds that are directly pointed toward the microphone

Directional microphones are most commonly

used for guitars

Recommended Microphones

Microphones recommended for use with electric

guitars include Shure SM57 and Sennheiser MD421, For acoustic guitars, some recommended

microphones include AKG 460, AKG 414,

Neumann KM184 and Audio-Technica 4033

Positioning Microphones

There are no set rules for positioning microphones

You should experiment with different microphone

positions to achieve the sound you want

For a more defined sound, place the microphone

about an inch from the guitar or speaker This is

Acoustic Guitars

Start by positioning the microphone close to the

sound hole If you strum the strings loudly, move

the microphone further away from the sound hole

To get less pick noise, position the microphone

where the neck joins the body If fret noise occurs

when you move your fingers on the strings, place

the microphone closer to the bridge

Microphone Accessories

You will need a microphone stand to hold a

microphone and a microphone cable to connect

a microphone to other devices, such as a mixer

or recording device A special adapter is usually

CHAPTER 15: Home Recording

known as close miking If you move the microphone further back, you reduce the amount

of bass and sound level, but you get more of

the sound of the room This is known as distant

miking

Electric Guitars

Start by placing the microphone one inch in front

of the center of the speaker You can also position the microphone behind or to the side of the

speaker Placing the microphone behind the speaker results in a more muffled sound

Using Multiple Microphones

You can use more than one microphone For example, you can position one microphone close

to the guitar or speaker to get the sound of the

guitar and another microphone further away to get the sound of the guitar as well as the room You can later mix the two sounds together to achieve

a grander sound

required to connect a microphone to a recording device You may need to buy the stand and cable separately since microphones typically do not

come with accessories

277

his chapter is a great

access guitar information

where to find and how to interpret

You can use the chord and scale diagrams provided as a quick reference when you want to know how to play a specific chord or scale There is also

a comprehensive glossary of terms you will encounter when learning to play the guitar

resource when you want to

quickly Read this chapter to learn

guitar information on the Internet

on Tne internet

Reading Tablature on the Internet

Many resources on the Internet provide tablature for

popular songs you can play on your guitar Tablature,

often called guitar tab, is a notation system that

visually depicts the strings on the guitar and

indicates the strings you need to press down and at

Horizontal and Vertical Lines

In tablature on the Internet, the dashed horizontal

lines represent the six strings on the guitar The top

line represents the 1st string, and the bottom line

represents the 6th string The vertical lines, called

bar lines, help to break down tablature into smaller,

more manageable units of time, called bars or

The numbers on the lines indicate at which frets

you position your fingers For example, the number

3 indicates you should press the string down just

behind the third fret A zero (0) indicates that you

play the string without pressing it down If there is

no number on a line, you should not play that

string

Read the numbers from left to right When two or

more strings have numbers in the same vertical

position, you should play the strings at the same

time

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which frets you need to position your fingers

On the Internet, tablature is written using a standard system of characters and numbers, so any computer will be able to interpret and display the characters

and numbers

Letters and Symbols

Tablature often includes letters or symbols with the numbers to indicate articulation techniques For information on articulation techniques, see pages 134 to 141 The following is a list of the

most frequently used letters and symbols:

Letter or | Articulation

h hammer on | 5h7 - Press down the string at

the 5th fret and then hammer your finger on at the 7th fret

the 2nd fret and then pull your finger off the string

b bend string | 5b7 - Press down the string

at the 5th fret and then bend the note until the pitch is the same as the note at the 7th

fret

/or\ | slide up or | 3/5 -Slide your finger along

slide down | the string from the 3rd fret to

the 5th fret

string at the 7th fret

CHAPTER 16: Quick Reference

Reading Chord Notation on the Internet

Many Internet sources provide information on the

chords you need to play songs, along with partial

lyrics for the songs Chord notations, such as

C: X32010, are often given for chords used in a

song

Each character in a chord notation represents one

string on the guitar, from the 6th string to the 1st

string, moving from left to right An X indicates

you should not play that string and a 0 indicates

you play that string without holding it down A

number greater than zero indicates the fret at

which you hold down the string

Popular Guitar Web Sites

www.chordfind.com - This site allows you to

select a chord to display the fingering for the

chord on the neck of a guitar There is also a

left-handed version available for each chord

www.fender.com - Fender, the makers of the

popular Stratocaster and Telecaster electric guitars,

maintains this site

www.gibson.com - This site provides information

about Gibson acoustic and electric guitars

www.harmony-central.com - This site provides

product reviews, articles and answers to frequently

asked questions about guitars and accessories,

and more

www.jimdunlop.com - The Dunlop Web site is a

good place to find guitar accessories, such as

picks, straps and capos

Example of Chord Notation

www.lasido.com - Visit this site to find information from the makers of Godin electric guitars and Seagull acoustic guitars

www.looknohands.com/chordhouse - At this site, you can view and print chord diagrams for

specific chords

www.martinguitar.com - You can find information

on the popular Martin acoustic guitars at this site

www.olga.net - OLGA (On-Line Guitar Archive)

offers a huge library of files to help you play songs

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