SỰ PHỐI HỢP CỦA CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH MAIN CLAUSE VÀ MỆNH ĐỀ PHỤ SUBORDINATE CLAUSE Present simple Future simple Present simple Present progressive Present tenses Present perf
Trang 1Teacher: Long Anh Tuấn 0942 111 642 P a g e | 1
A LÝ THUYẾT
- Một câu có thể bao gồm một mệnh đề chính (main clause) và một hoặc nhiều mệnh đề phụ (subordinate
clause) Khi trong câu có từ hai mệnh đề trở lên, thì các động từ phải có sự phối hợp về thì
I SỰ PHỐI HỢP CỦA CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH (MAIN CLAUSE) VÀ MỆNH
ĐỀ PHỤ (SUBORDINATE CLAUSE)
Present simple
Future simple
Present simple Present progressive Present tenses Present perfect
Future simple
am/ is/ are + going to + V0
Past simple (có thời gian xác định ở quá khứ)
Past simple
Past simple Past perfect Past tenses Past progressive
Future in the past (would + V0)
was/ were + going to + V0
Present simple (diễn tả một chân lý, một sự thật hiển nhiên hoặc
một thói quen ở hiện tại)
Present perfect Present simple
Past perfect Past simple
Ex: I work so hard that I am always tired.
She will think that I have taken her book.
Tom promises that he will visit me again.
He says that he is going to eat it.
She says she was born in 1980.
We knew that the bridge was unsafe.
I thought that she was cooking then.
He saw that he had made a mistake.
I asked him why he hadn’t bought that book.
We thought that it would rain.
Copernicus proved that the earth moves round the sun
He didn’t get the job because his English isn’t good.
I have forgotten what he looks like.
They had done all that was necessary.
LESSON 11: SỰ PHỐI HỢP THÌ
Trang 2Teacher: Long Anh Tuấn 0942 111 642 P a g e | 2
II SỰ PHỐI HỢP CỦA CÁC ĐỘNG TỪ TRONG MỆNH ĐỀ CHÍNH (MAIN CLAUSE) VÀ MỆNH
ĐỀ TRẠNG NGỮ CHI THỜI GIAN (ADVERBIAL CLAUSE OF TIME)
- Mệnh đề trạng ngữ chi thời gian thường được bắt đầu bằng các liên từ chỉ thời gian như: when, while,
whenever, as, before, after, as soon as, till/until, just as, since, no sooner than, hardly/scarcely when/ before, as long as, once, by the time, v.v.
- Cách phối hợp thì trong câu có mệnh đề trạng ngữ chi thời gian:
Present tenses Present tenses
Past tenses Past tenses
Future tenses Present tenses
1 Present tenses: Tất cả các thì hiện tại (tùy theo ngữ cảnh).
Trang 3Ex: The phone always rings when you are having a bath.
The mixture hardens as it cools.
He visits us whenever he is in town.
I’m ready to go out as soon as it stops raining.
Let me know once you have finished.
I often read a newspaper while I am waiting for the bus
He never goes home before he has finished his work.
Wait here until I come back.
I’m starting a job in sale after I finish/ have finished college.
Once you know how to ride a bike you never forget it.
2 Past tenses: Tất cả các thì quá khứ (tùy theo ngữ cảnh).
Ex: It was raining hard when I got there.
They arrived at the station after the train had left.
He slammed the door as he went out.
I had no sooner closed the door than somebody knocked
Would you follow me wherever I went?
By the time I arrived, they had already left.
I had hardly closed the eyes when the phone rang.
They arrived while we were having dinner.
Once he had found somewhere to live he started looking for work
3 Future tenses: Tat cả các thì tương lai (tùy theo ngữ cảnh).
Ex: We will give you a call as soon as we arrive/ have arrived.
After she graduates, she will get a job.
By the time he comes, we will have already left.
On Sunday I’ll be lying on the beach while you are studying
I’ll remember that day as long as I live.
Once you’ve passed your test I’ll let you drive my car.
LƯU Ý
- Không dùng các thì tương lai (future tenses) trong mệnh đề trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian Dùng thì hiện tại đơn (Present
simple) thay vì thì tương lai đơn (Future simple), thì hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present progressive) thay vì thì tương lai tiếp diễn (Future progressive) và thì hiện tại hoàn thành (Present perfect) hoặc thì hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Present perfect progressive) thay vì thì tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect) hoặc tương lai hoàn thành tiếp diễn (Future perfect progressive).
Ex: She’ll pay us back when she gets a job [NOT when she’ll get ]
I’ll relax when I’m lying by the pool [NOT when I’ll be lying ]
Let’s carry on until we’ve finished [NOT until we’ll have finished]
- Trong trường hợp dùng liên từ since phải lưu ý:
Trang 4+ Động từ trong mệnh đề chính thường được chia ở thì hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect) hoặc hiện tại hoàn
thành tiếp diễn (present perfect progressive); động từ trong mệnh đề phụ có since thường được chia ở thì quá khứ
đơn (past simple) hoặc thì hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect), tùy theo nghĩa.
Ex: We haven’t seen her since she left school.
She has been playing tennis since she was eight.
I’ve known her since I’ve lived in this street.
+ Trong cấu trúc It is/was since , ta có thể dùng thì quá khứ đơn (past simple), hiện tại hoàn thành (present perfect) hoặc quá khứ hoàn thành (past perfect) sau since.
Ex: It’s a long time since I last saw them.
It’s years since I’ve ridden a bike.
It was exactly five years since her father had died.
B BÀI TẬP
Exercise 1: Supply the correct verb form.
1 He think that it _(rain) tonight
2 She said that she _(get) married soon
3 Bill said that he _(lose) his bicycle
4 He knew that I _(come) the following week
5 I was taught that the sun _(be) bigger than the moon
6 The boy knew that an hour _(have) sixty minutes
7 I didn’t know what time it _(be), so I _(turn)
on the radio
8 I wonder whether I _ (lock) the door or not
9 They hoped that it _ (end) soon
10 This is the house that Jack _ (build) three years ago
11 He is saving his money so that he _ (take) a long vacation
12 I see that Henry _ (write) his composition now
13 The students had thought that the test _ (be) rather difficult
14 They have found that the road _ (be) very long
15 I saw that I _ (make) a mistake
16 We find that we _ (take) the wrong way
17 I want to know how long she _ (live) here
18 I didn’t know who _ (help) him
19 Do you hear what she _ (just/say)?
20 They believe that the police _(capture) the thief soon
21 Mrs Smith complains that her neighbor _ (make) too much noise,
Trang 522 Tom promised he _ (not do) it again.
23 Miss White swear that she _ (never/see) that man before
24 She has told me her name _ (be) Mary
Exercise 2: Choose the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1 I see that Tom (writes/ is writing) his composition
2 He says that he (looks/ will look) for a job next week
3 They think he (was/ would be) here last night
4 He tells us that he (was/ has been) to the mountains before
5 I hoped that he (will be/ would be) able to attend
6 He wants to do it before his father (will come/comes)
7 People have said that the sun (rise/rises) in the East
8 He says he (does/ will do) it some time
9 He asked the guard what time the train usually (starts/ started)
10 He told me in the morning that he (is going/ was going) with US the following day
11 He says that he (finished/ will finish) the project by May
12 I realized that they (are/ were) older than they looked
13 I hear that Kate (accepted/ has accepted) a new position
14 They told me they (have never seen/ had never seen) her before
15 We know that you (move/ will move) to France next year
16 In Britain, the weather is very varied People (never know/ have never known) what it (is/ will be) like the next day
17 He (is/ had been) ill for a long time before he died
18 She didn’t tell me the reason why she (didn’t come/ hadn’t come) to school the day before
19 I had no map, that’s why I (got/ get) lost
20 I hope it (does not rain/ will not rain) when we start early tomorrow
Exercise 3: Complete these sentences, using the future simple or the present simple of the verbs in brackets.
1 I (phone) you when I (get) home from work
2 I want to see Margaret before she (go) out
3 We’re going on holiday tomorrow I (tell) you all about it when
we (come) back
4 Brian looks very different now When you (see) him again, you (not / recognize) him
5 We must do something soon before it (be) too late
6 I don’t want to go out without you I (wait) until you (be) ready
Trang 67 Sue has applied for the job but she isn’t very well qualified for it I (be) surprised if she (get) it
8 I’d like to play tennis tomorrow if the weather (be) nice
9 I’m going out now If anybody (phone) me while I (be) out, can you take a message?
10 It’s raining hard We (get) wet if we (go) out As soon as it (stop) raining, we (leave)
Exercise 4: Complete the sentences with the correct tense of the verbs in brackets.
1 While Dad (watch) TV last night, Mum (read) the newspaper
2 They’ll have stopped serving meals by the time we (get) to the restaurant
3 When I (finish) all this work, I’ll go for a walk
4 She got a job after she (graduate)
5 I had had a cup of tea before I (leave) for work
6 I (be) late to work three times since my watch (break)
7 Mohammad (never/ hear) about Halloween before he came to the U.S
8 As Pauline (get) out of bed, she fell over
9 The village (have) no electricity until a new generator is installed
10 By the time I (leave) the room, I had turned off the lights
11 The first time I (go) to New York, I saw a ballet
12 Have a good time when you (go) to Paris next week
13 While I (make) Sandy’s birthday card, I cut my finger
14 David (not/ be) able to work since he (break) his leg
15 By the time he comes, we (already/leave)
16 When Sandra found the letter, someone (already/open) it
17 Whenever I (see) her, I say hello
18 I will never speak to him again as long as I (live)
19 As soon as we (see) the tornado, we ran to the basement of the town hall
20 We’re going to tidy after everyone (go)
21 Trevor tried to fix the shelves while Laura (be) out shopping
22 By the time we got to the party, most of the other guests (go)
23 You have to wait until the light (change) to green
24 As soon as the other passengers get on the bus, we (leave)
25 After the old man (seem) unwell for some time, he died
Trang 7Exercise 5: Use the words in brackets, make logical connections between the ideas in column A with the
ideas in column B Punctuate carefully and pay attention to verb tenses.
Sample: 1 As soon as our taxi sets here, we can leave.
2 I turned off the TV before I left the room.
1 Our taxi will get here, (as soon as) a She was leaving the store.
2 I turned off the TV (before)
b It destroyed everything in its path.
3 I parachuted from a plane, (the first time) c We can leave.
4 My boss stormed into my office, (while) d I left the room.
5 Ceylon had been independent for 24 years, (after) e Its name was changed to Sri Lanka.
6 Jack fell off his bicycle, (since)
f We can eat.
7 Ms Johnson will return your call, (as soon as) g She’ll have some free time.
8 John will learn how to use a computer, (once)
h I’ll finish my research project.
9 I won’t return this book to the library, (until)
i I was both terrified and exhilarated.
10 Sue dropped a carton of eggs, (as)
j I get sleepy.
11 Anna will go to class, (the next time) k I was talking on the phone to an important
client.
12 The flooding river raced down the valley, (when) l It closes.
13 The rice will be done, (just as soon as) m He’ll be able to work more efficiently.
14 When I go to bed at night, I like to read, (until) n He’s had to use crutches to walk.
15 I must get to the post office (before) o She’ll remember to take her grammar book.
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Exercise 6: Put the verbs into the correct form.
1 Last night I (go) to a party When I (get) there, the room was full
of people Some of them (dance), and others (talk) One young woman (stand) by herself I (never/ meet) her, so
I (introduce) myself to her
2 Next month I have a week’s vacation I (plan) to take a trip First
I (go) to Madison, Wisconsin, to visit my brother After I (leave) Madison, I (go) to Chicago to see a friend who (study) at the university there She (live) in Chicago for three years, so
she (know) her way around the city She (promise) to take me to many interesting places I (never/ be) in Chicago, so
I (look) forward to going there
Trang 93 Hello This (be) Kitty Beamish I (speak) to you from Oxford, where the finals of the World Quiz Championships will be held tomorrow The favorite is Claude Jennings of Cornwall, the man who (know) everything Twelve months ago
no one (hear) of Claude Jennings, although he (take) part in quiz competitions for years Now suddenly he is a big star So far this year he (answer) every single question correctly And he is popular, too When he (arrive) here two days ago, hundreds of fans (wait) at the station to welcome him Since his arrival Claude (read) encyclopedias in his hotel bedroom He is clearly the man to watch And now back to the news desk
4 It (happen) last August at the airport A few weeks before, a group of
us (decide) to go to Greece together for a holiday We (wait) in the queue at passport control when suddenly I (realize) that
I (forget) my passport It (be) quite a shock
I (hurry) to a phone and (ring) my parents
They (work) in the garden, but luckily my mother (hear) the phone They (find) the passport and immediately (drive) to the airport with it I (meet) them at the information desk We (have)
no time to talk, but I (say) goodbye to them earlier that morning I
(run) all the way to the plane I was just in time When I (get) there, the passengers (sit) on their seats ready for take-off When
they (see) me, everyone (start) clapping
5 The weather has been terrible lately It (rain) off and on for two days, and the
temperature (drop) drastically It (be) really cold today Just three days ago, the sun (shine) and the weather (be) pleasant The weather certainly (change) quickly here I never know what to expect Who know? When I (wake) up tomorrow morning, maybe it (snow)
6 Mark Twain, the author of the ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’, (be) one of
America’s best-loved storytellers He (grow) up in a small town on the Mississippi River As a young boy, he (greatly/ admire) the pilots of the riverboats and dreamed about being a riverboat pilot on the mighty river He pursued his dream, and by the age of 22, he
himself (become) a riverboat pilot Later in life, when
he (become) a writer, many of his stories (contain) elements of his own experiences He (write) many humorous stories and articles about life on the Mississippi River before he (die) in 1910 at the age of 74 Sadly,
Twain (work) on a new story for several months before his death, but
he (finish/ never) it Over the years since his death, his boyhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, (become) a favorite place for Americans to visit to learn about Twain and life on the Mississippi at the turn of the 19th century
Trang 107 The actress Vanessa Kemp (disappear) Yesterday she (fail) to arrive at the Prince Charles Theatre in London’s West End for her leading role in the comedy ‘Don’t look now!’ Ms Kemp, who (live) in Hampstead, (leave) home
at four o’clock yesterday afternoon for the theatre, a journey she (make) several times the week before Two people who (walk) past her home at the
time (see) her leave But no one (see) her since then At half past seven she still (not/ arrive) at the theatre At eight o’clock the theatre manager had to break the news to the audience, who (wait) patiently for the play to start Since yesterday, theatre staff and friends (try) to contact Ms Kemp, but
they (have) no success so far The police (take) the matter
seriously, but they (believe) that she is unlikely to be in any danger Her friends all (want) to hear from her soon
Exercise 7: Choose the correct answer.
1 As soon as Martina saw the fire, she the fire department
a was telephoning b telephoned c had telephoned d has telephoned
2 Before Jennifer won the lottery, she any kind of contest
a hasn’t entered b doesn’t enter c wasn’t entering d hadn’t entered
3 Every time Prakash sees a movie made in India, he homesick
a will have felt b felt c feels d is feeling
4 Since I left Venezuela six years ago, I to visit friends and family several times
a return b will have returned c am returning d have returned
5 While he was washing his new car, Mr Brown a small dent in the rear fender
a has discovered b was discovering c is discovering d discovered
6 Yesterday while I was attending a sales meeting, Matthew on the company’s annual report
a was working b had been working c has worked d works
7 After the horse threw her to the ground for the third time, Jennifer picked herself up and said, “I
on another as long as I live.”
a never ride c will never ride b have never ridden d do not ride
8 Ever since Maurice arrived, he quietly in the corner Is something wrong?
a sat b has been sitting c had been siting d will have sit
9 After Nancy for twenty minutes, she began to feel tired
a jogging c has been jogging b had been jogging d has jogged
10 Peter, since you got home from football practice?
a have you eaten b will you eat c are you eating d do you eat
11 By the time the young birds the nest for food, they will have learned how to fly
a will leave b will have left c are leaving d leave
12 The last time I in Athens, the weather was hot and humid
a had been b was c am d will have been
13 After Jessica her degree, she intends to work in her father’s company
a will finish b will have finished c finishes d is finishing
14 By the time I go to bed tonight, I my work for the day
a will finish b have finished c will have finished d finish
15 When my parents for a visit tomorrow, they will see our new baby for the first time
a will arrive b arrived c will have arrived d arrive
16 Susan looked down to discover a snake at her feet When she saw it, she
a was screaming b had screamed c screamed d screams
17 By the time Alfonso finally graduated from high school, he seven different schools because his parents moved frequently
a attended b was attending c had attended d had been attending
18 Until you learn to relax more, you your ability to speak English