stress and pronunciation

COMPREHENSION READING: EXERCISE 1: Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees’ homes and offices.. But although the numbers are rising annually, the trend doe

LESSON 3: STRESS AND PRONUNCIATION

I STRESS:

EXERCISE 1

1 A adorable B ability C impossible D entertainment

2 A engineer B corporate C difficult D different

6 A scholarship B negative C develop D purposeful

7 A ability B acceptable C education D hilarious

8 A document B comedian C perspective D location

10 A different B regular C achieving D property

EXERCISE 2:

1 A education B community C development D unbreakable

7 A scientific B ability C experience D material

9 A offensive B delicious C dangerous D religious

 EXERCISE 3

1 A beautiful B important C delicious D exciting

5 A education B development C economic D preparation

7 A literature B entertainment C recreation D information

8 A attractive B perception C cultural D expensive

9 A chocolate B structural C important D national

 EXERCISE 4

1 A natural B department C exception D attentive

2 A economy B diplomacy C informative D information

5 A government B musician C disgusting D exhausting

6 A successful B interest C arrangement D disaster

7 A competition B repetition C equivalent D disappointment

9 A academic B education C impossible D optimistic

 EXERCISE 5

1 A industry B performance C importance D provision

6 A writer B teacher C builder D career

8 A ambitious B chocolate C position D occurrence

10 A devote B compose C purchase D advise

EXERCISE 6:

1 A remember B influence C expression D convenient

4 A successful B humorous C arrangement D attractive

5 A construction B typical C glorious D purposeful

6 A accident B courageous C dangerous D character

8 A telephone B photograph C expertise D diplomat

9 A romantic B illusion C description D incident

II PRONUNCIATION:

EXERCISE 3

9 A mechanic B machinery C chemist D cholera

 EXERCISE 4

 EXERCISE 5

2 A earning B learning C searching D clearing

 EXERCISE 6

10 A distribute B tribe C triangle D trial

III COMPREHENSION READING:

EXERCISE 1:

Telecommuting is some form of computer communication between employees’ homes and offices For employees whose job involve sitting at a terminal or word processor entering data or typing reports, the

location of the computer is of no consequence If

the machine can communicate over telephone lines, when the work is completed, employees can dial the

office computer and transmit the material to their employers A recent survey in USA Today estimates that

there are approximately 8,7 million telecommuters But although the numbers are rising annually, the

trend does not appear to be as significant as predicted when Business Week published “The Portable

Executive” as its cover story a few years ago Why hasn’t telecommuting become more popular?

Clearly, change simply takes time But in addition, there has been active resistance on the part of many

managers These executives claim that supervising the telecommuters in a large work force scattered across the country would be too difficult, or, at least, systems for managing them are not yet developed,

thereby complicating the manager’s responsibilities

It is also true that employees who are given the option of telecommuting are reluctant to accept the

opportunity Most people feel that they need regular interaction with a group, and many are concerned that they will not have the same consideration for advancement if they are not more visible in the office setting Some people feel that even when a space in their homes is set aside as a work area, they never

really get away from the office.

Questions:

Question 1: With which of the following topics is the passage primarily concerned?

A. The advantages of telecommuting

B. A definition of telecommuting

C. An overview of telecommuting

D. The failure of telecommuting

Question 2: How many Americans are involved in telecommuting?

A. More than predicted in Business Week.

B. More than 8 million

C. Fewer than estimated in USA Today.

D. Fewer than last year

Question 3: The phrase “of no consequence” means……….

A of no use B of no good C unimportant D irrelevant Question 4: The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting, EXCEPT

A. the opportunities for advancement

B. the different system of supervision

C. the lack of interaction with a group

D. The work place is in the home

Question 5: The word “executives” in line 10 refers to ……….

A telecommuters B managers C employees D most people

Question 6: The word “them” in line 11 refers to

A systems B telecommuters C executives D responsibilities

Question 7: The reason why telecommuting has not become popular is that the employees……

A. need regular interaction with their families

B. are worried about the promotion if they are not seen at the office

C. feel that a work area in their home is away from the office

D. are ignorant of telecommuting

Question 8: It can be inferred from the passage that the author is

A a telecommuter B the manager C a statistician D a reporter

Question 9: The word “reluctant” in line 13 can best be replaced by

A opposite B willing C hesitate D typical

Question 10: When Business Week published “The Portable Executive”, it implied that………

A. systems for managing telecommuters were not effective

B. there was resistance on the part of many managers about telecommuting

C. the trend for telecommuting was optimistic

D. most telecommuters were satisfied with their work

EXERCISE 2:

Clean freshwater resources are essential for drinking, bathing, cooking, irrigation, industry, and for plant and animal (1) Unfortunately, the global supply of freshwater is (2) unevenly Chronic water shortages (3) in most of Africa and drought is common over

much of the globe The (4) of most freshwater supplies - groundwater (water located below the soil surface), reservoirs, and rivers - are under severe and (5) _ environmental stress because of overuse, water pollution, and ecosystem degradation Over 95 percent of urban sewage in (4)…………countries is (7)……… untreated into surface waters such as rivers and harbors

About 65 percent of the global freshwater supply is used in (8)……….and 25 percent is used in industry Freshwater (9)………….therefore requires a reduction in wasteful practices like(10)

…… irrigation, reforms in agriculture and industry, and strict pollution controls worldwide

Question 1: A survive B survived C surviving D survival

Question 2: A delivered B distributed C provided D given

Question 3: A exist B lie C show D stay

Question 4: A resources B springs C sources D starting

Question 5: A increasing B growing C climbing D ascending

Question 6: A growing B miserable C poverty D developing

Question 7: A recharged B discharged C charged D discharging

Question 8: A farming B planting C agriculture D growing

Question 9: A reservation B conservation C preservation D retention

Question 10: A ineffective B illogical C irrational D inefficient

ANSWER KEY – LESSON 3: STRESS AND PRONUNCIATION

I STRESS:

II PRONUNCIATION:

EXERCISE 1

EXERCISE 2

EXERCISE 3

EXERCISE 4

EXERCISE 5

III COMPREHENSION READING:

MISTAKE IDENTIFICATION:

0

III IDENTIFY MISTAKES:

1 The earth is the only planet with a large number of oxygen in its atmosphere

2 Venus approaches the Earth more closely than any other planet is

3 Robert Frost was not well known as a poet until he reached the forties

4 The amounts of oxygen and nitrogen in the air almost always remain stable, but the amount

of water vapor vary considerably

5 The American frontiersman, politician, and soldier Davy it is not only inexpensive but

installation is easy

EXERCISE 2:

The traditional definition of literacy is considered to be the ability to read and write, or the ability to use language to read, write, listen, and speak In modern contexts, the word refers to reading and writing at a level (1)……… for communication, or at a level that lets one understand and

communicate ideas in a literate society,' so as to take (2)……… in that society The United Nations, Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) has drafted the following definition:

“Literacy is the ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate and compute, using printed and written' materials (3)…… with varying contexts Literacy involves a continuum of learning to enable an Individual to achieve his or her goals, to develop his, or her (4) and potential, and to participate fully in the wider society."

Many policy analysts consider literacy rates a crucial measure of a region's human capital This claim is made on the (5)…… that literate people can be trained less expensively than illiterate people, generally have a higher socio-economic (6) …… and enjoy better health and employment prospects Policy makers also argue that literacy increases job opportunities and access to higher education In Kerala, India, for example, female and child mortality rates declined (7) in the 1960s, when girls who were educated in the education reforms after 1948 began to raise families Recent researchers, (8) argue that correlations such as, the one listed above may have more to do with the effects of schooling rather than literacy in general Regardless, the (9) ……of educational systems worldwide includes a basic (10) _ around communication through test and print, which is the foundation of most definitions of literacy

Question 1: A adaptable B suitable C adequate D important Question 2: A comfort B control C part D honor

Question 3: A associated B worked C appropriated D related

Question 4: A ability B knowledge C performance D behavior Question 5: A foundations B ways C grounds D basics

Question 6: A condition B request C state D status

Question 7: A dramatically B extremely C actually D accurately Question 8: A additionally B however C therefore D consequently Question 9: A focus B demand C majority D main

Question 10: A content B concept C contact D context