Tiếng anh giữ vai trò quan trọng trong cuộc sống hằng ngày. Chúng ta phải không ngừng học và ôn tập lại những kiến thức đã học. Thì trong tiếng Anh là một trong những yếu tố quan trọng quyết định đến việc viết câu đúng, sử dụng đúng mục đích đúng thời điểm làm nâng cao hiệu quả giao tiếp hơn nữa.
Trang 1TENSES 1.
Hiện tại đơn (Simple present)
* Công thức:
Cách dùng: He/ She/ It + doesn’t- isn’t We/ You/ They/ I + don’t I + am (not)
Chỉ thói quen ở hiện tại Chỉ sự thật, hiển nhiên, chân lý
Chỉ hành động trong tương lai được đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch
Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th
Dấu hiệu:
every (every day, every week, every night,… ) often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, normally, occasionally, as a rule…… twice a week, once a week….
EXERCISES: Complete these sentences using SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE
1 I (be) at school at the weekend
2 She (not/ study) on Fridays
3 My students (be/ not/ always) hard working
4 He (have) a new haircut today
5 I (usually /have) breakfast at 7.00
6 She (live) in a house?
7 Where (be) your children?
8 My sister (work) in a bank
9 Dog (like) meat
10 She (live) in Florida
11 It (rain) almost every day in Manchester
12 We (fly) to Spain every summer
13 My mother (fry) eggs for breakfast every morning
14 The bank (close) at four o'clock
15 John (try) hard in class, but I (not think) he'll pass
16 Jo is so smart that she (pass) every exam without even trying
17 My life (be) _ so boring I just (watch) TV every night
18 My best friend (write) to me every week
19 You (speak) English?
20 She (not live) in HaiPhong city
2 Hiện tại tiếp diễn (Present progressive/ continuous)
* Công thức:
S + am / is / are + V-ing
S + am / is are + not + V-ing Wh- + am / is / are + S + V-ing…?
Cách dùng:
Chỉ hành động đang diễn ra trong lúc nói
Chỉ hành động dự kiến và có kế hoạch thực hiện trong tương lai gần
Ex: We are having a birthday party next week
Chỉ hành động có tính chất tạm thời
Với chữ always đế diễn tả một hành động làm bực bội người khác, hay một lời phàn nàn…
Ex: He is always talking in the class
Hai hành động xảy ra song song ở hiện tại
Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now
Trang 2
Dấu hiệu:
Câu bắt đầu bằng một mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent! Be quiet! Be careful
hoặc các từ: now, right now, at the moment, at present, today, while, next…(chỉ một dự định)
EXERCISE 1:
1 Look! The car (go) ……… so fast
2 Listen! Someone (cry) ……… in the next room
3 Your brother (sit) ……… next to the beautiful girl over there at present?
4 Now they (try) ……… to pass the examination
5 It’s 12 o’clock, and my parents (cook) ……… lunch in the kitchen
6 Keep silent! You (talk) ……… so loudly
7 I (not stay) ……… at home at the moment
8 Now she (lie) ……… to her mother about her bad marks
9 At present they (travel) ……….to New York
10 He (not work) ……… in his office now
EXERCISE 2:
1 What time _they (get up) _?
2 What they (do) in the winter?
3 Today, we (have) English class
4 Her favourite subject (be) English
5 Now, my brother (like) _eating bananas
6 Look! Aman (call) _you
7 Keep silent ! I (listen) to the radio
8 you (play) _badminton now?
9 Everyday, my father (get up) _ at 5.00 a.m, but today, he (get up)
at 6.00 am
10 Every morning , I (watch) _tv at 10.00, but today I (Listen) to music at 10.00
11 Everyday , I (go) to school by bike but today I go to school by motorbike
12 Every morning, my father (have) a cup of coffe but today he (drink) milk
13 At the moment, I(read) _a book and my brother (watch) _ TV
14 Hoa (live) in Hanoi, and Ha (live) in HCM City
15 Hung and his friend (play) _badminton
16 They usually (get up) _at 6.oo in the morning
17 Ha never (go) fishing in the winter but she always (do) _ it in the summer
18 My teacher (tell) Hoa about Math
19 There (be) animals in the circus
20 _he (watch) TV at 7.00 every morning?
3 Hiện tại hoàn thành (Present perfect):
Công thức:
S + have / has + V3/-ed
S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed…?
Cách dùng :
Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ nhưng không có thời gian xác định
Ex: I haven‘t met him before.
Chỉ hành động vừa mới xảy ra, hay vừa mới hoàn tất
Chỉ hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai
Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years.
Dấu hiệu: ever, recently (gần đây), lately (mới đây), just (vừa mới), already (đã rồi)
Since mốc thời gian: từ, từ khi for khoảng thời gian,
so far, up to now, up to the present, until now: cho tới bây giờ
before (trước đây), yet, (dùng trong câu phủ định và câu hỏi) many
times, several times: nhiều lần
how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five times…
Trang 3in the last / past + số năm in the last five years: trong năm năm qua
EXERCISE 1:
1 There is no more cheese I (eat)……… it all, I’m afraid
2 The bill isn’t right They (make)………… a mistake
3 Don’t you want to see this programme? It ……….(start)
4 It’ll soon get warm in here I (turn)……… the heating on
5 ………they (pay)…… money for your mother?
6 Someone (take)……… my bicycle
7 Wait for few minutes, please! I (finish)……… my dinner
8 ………You ever (eat)………… Sushi?
9 She (not/come)……… here for a long time
10 I (work………… ) here for three years
11 ………… you ever ………… (be) to New York?
12 You (not/do) ………….your project yet, I suppose
13 I (just /see)……….… Andrew and he says he …… (already / do)……… about half of the plan
14 I ……… (just/ decide)……… … to start working next week
15 He (be)……….… at his computer for seven hours
16 She (not/have) ……….……any fun a long time
17 My father (not/ play)……… any sport since last year
18 I’d better have a shower I (not/have)……… one since Thursday
19 I don’t live with my family now and we (not/see)……… …… each other for five years
20 I…… … (just/ realize)………… that there are only four weeks to the end of term
EXERCISE 2 : Rewrite these sentences using present perfect
1) This is the first time he went abroad
=> He hasn't
2) She started driving 1 month ago
=> She has
3) We began eating when it started to rain
=> We have
4) I last had my hair cut when I left her
=> I haven't
5) The last time she kissed me was 5 months ago
=> She hasn't
6) It is a long time since we last met
=> We haven't
7) When did you have it?
=> How long ?
8) This is the first time I had such a delicious meal
=> I haven't
4 Hiện tại hoàn thành tiếp diễn
* Công thức:
S + have / has + been + V-ing
S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ing Wh- + have / has + S + been + V-ing …?
Cách dùng :
Một hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ, kéo dài đến hiện tại và có thể tiếp tục trong tương lai nhưng nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động
Ex: I’ve been working here for ten years now.
Dấu hiệu: for + khoảng thời gian + now, since + mốc thời gian
EXERCISE: Read the situations and complete the sentences.
1 It's raining The rain started two hours ago It ……… (rain) for two hours.
Trang 42 We are waiting for the bus We started waiting for 20 minutes We (wait) for 20 minutes.
3 I'm learning Spanish I started classes in December I (learn) Spanish since December
4 Mary is working in London She started working there on 18 January She ……… (work) there since 18 January
5 Our friends always spend their holidays in Italy They started going there years ago
They (go) there for years
5 Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past)
* Công thức:
Cách dùng :
Một hành động xảy ra và chấm dứt ở thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ.
Ex: We bought this car two years ago.
Một thói quen trong quá khứ
Một chuỗi hành động trong quá khứ
Ex: I entered the room, turned on the light, went to the kitchen and had dinner
Dấu hiệu:
yesterday ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,…….) last _ ( last year, last night, last week, last month….)
_ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, (in 1999, in 2001…) in + year in the past, in the old times, một năm nàođó…
trong:trướcquáđây,khứ:ngày xưa
EXERCISES: Complete these sentences with past simple
1 Yesterday, I (go)……… to the restaurant with a client
2 What time you (go) to bed last night?
3 You (go) to Dalat for last tet vacation/
4 He (have) a lot of friends in Ho Chi Minh city 3 years ago?
5 His uncle (take) him to see Tri Nguyen aquarium last week?
6 Liz (buy) a lot of souvenirs yesterday?
7 They (put) the fish in the big bag last Sunday?
8 I (not go) ……… to school last Sunday
9 (she /get) ……… married last year?
10 What (you /do) ……… last night? - I (do) ………my homework
11 Tuan (have) a new bike yesterday
12 Yesterday, I (get) ……… up at 6 and (have) ……… breakfast at 6.30
13 She (not buy) a new ruler yesterday
14 He (not talk) with his parents about his vacation in Da Lat last year
15 They (not come) school yesterday?
16 The windows (not close) yesterday?
17 We (not return) at home at 7 pm last Monday
18 Lan and Hoa (be) your school two years ago?
19 This hat (be not) new yesterday
20 My parents (be not) teachers two years ago
21 He (be not) a mechanic last Monday
22 (be/ he) an engineer yesterday No, he (be not)
23 (be/ it) hot last week?
24 The windows (be) open last Monday
25 (be/ you) a teacher two years ago? Yes, I (be)
Trang 56 Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous):
* Công thức:
(+) S + was / were + V-ing (-) S + was / were + not + V-ing (?) Wh- + was / were + S + V-ing…?
Cách dùng :
Một hành động đang diễn ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: What were you doing at 7 pm yesterday?
Một hành động đang xảy ra trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra cắt ngang
Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home
Hai hành động xảy ra song song trong quá khứ
Ex: While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books
Dấu hiệu:
At + giờ + thời gian trong quá khứ
At this/ that time + thời gian trong quá khứ Khi hai mệnh đề nối với nhau bằng chữ when hoặc while…
Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động ngắn dùng quá khứ đơn; hành động dài dùng quá khứ
tiếp diễn
Last night, when they were having dinner, she entered their room
EXERCISE:
1 At this time last year, they (build) ……… this house
2 I (drive) ……… my car very fast when you called me
3 I (chat) ……… with my friends while my teacher (teach) ………the lesson yesterday
4 My father (watch) ………TV when I got home
5 At this time yesterday, I (prepare) ……… for my son's birthday party
6 What (you /do) ……… at 8 pm yesterday?
7 Where (you /go) ……… when I saw you last weekend?
8 They (not/ go) ……… to school when I met them yesterday
9 My mother (not/ do) ……… the housework when my father came home
10 My sister (read) ……….books while my brother (play) ……… football yesterday afternoon
7 Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect)
* Công thức:
(+) S + had + V3/-ed (-) S + hadn’t + V3/-ed (?) Wh- + had + S + V3/-ed…?
Cách dùng :
Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ
Ex: He had left the house before she came.
Một hành động xảy ra trước một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ
Ex: We had had lunch by two o‘clock yesterday.
By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels
Dấu hiệu : before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as= because, by + thời gian trong quá khứ
Note: Hai hành động xảy ra trong quá khứ: hành động trước dùng QKHT, hành động sau dùng QKĐ
Ex: She had finished her work before she went out
1) Before/ By the time/ As soon as/ When + S+ QKĐ, S+ QKHT.
2) After + S + QKHT, S + QKĐ
3) S + QKĐ + as/ because + S + QKHT + (before).
Trang 6EXERCISE: Put the verb in brackets in the Past Simple or Past Perfect:
1 They (go) ……… home after they (finish) ……… their work
2 She said that she (already, see) ……… Dr Rice
3 After taking a bath, he (go) ……… to bed
4 He told me he (not/eat) ……… such kind of food before
5 When he came to the stadium, the match (already/ begin) ………
6 Before she (watch) ……… TV, she (do)……… homework
7 What (be) ……… he when he (be) ……… young?
8 After they (go) ………, I (sit) ……… down and (rest) ………
9 Yesterday, John (go) ……… to the store before he (go) ……… home
10 She (win) ……… the gold medal in 1986
11 Our teacher (tell) ……… us yesterday that he (visit) ……… England in 1970
12 Alan (have)……….hardly(prepare)……… for dinner when her husband (go) …… home
13 No sooner (have)……….I (watch)……… TV than the phone (ring)…………
14 Before I (watch) ……… TV, I (do) ……… my homework
15 After I (wash)……….my clothes, I (sleep) ………
8.
Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn:
* Công thức:
(+) S + had been + V-ing (-) S + hadn’t been + V-ing (?) Wh- + had + S + been + V-ing …?
Cách dùng :
Một hành động xảy ra trước một hành động khác hoặc trước một thời điểm trong quá khứ nhưng nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục của hành động
Ex: We had been waiting for two hours before she came
Dấu hiệu : before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian trong quá khứ
1 I was very tired when I arrived home (I/work/hard all day) ……… all day.
2 The two boys came into the house They had a football and they were both very tired (they/play/football)
………
3 I was disappointed when I had to cancel my holiday (I/look/forward to it) ……… ………
4 Ann woke up in the middle of the night She was frightened and didn’t know where she was (she/dream)
……… ………
5 When I got home, Tom was sitting in front of the TC He had just turned it off (he/watch/a film)
……… ………
Trang 7Tương lai đơn (Simple future):
* Công thức:
S + will / shall + V1
S + won’t / shan’t + V1 Wh- + will / shall + S + V1…?
Cách dùng :
Một hành sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai (không có dự
tính) Ex: - They will come here next week.
The football match will be over at 7 o‘clock
Một lời đề nghị hay một yêu cầu (ở thể nghi vấn)
Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me?
Một quyết định đưa ra vào thời điểm nói
Ex: The bag is very heavy – I‘ll help you
Dấu hiệu :
next… ( next week, next month, … ), someday, tomorrow, soon, in + năm trong tương lai, in the future …
Note: Để diễn tả một hành động có dự định hay một dự đoán trong tương lai, ta có thể dùng BE GOING
TO + V1:
S + am / is / are + going to + V1
Ex: - Why do you buy a lot of suger? – I‘m going to make a cake
Look at those clouds! It is going to rain
KHÔNG DÙNG THÌ TƯƠNG LAI SAU: WHEN, WHILE, AFTER, BEFORE, BECAUSE,…
EXERCISE:
1 A: “There's someone at the door.”
B: “I _ (get) it.”
2 Joan thinks the Conservatives (win) the next election
3 A: “I’m going to move my house tomorrow.”
B: “I _ (come) and help you.”
4 If she passes the exam, she _ (be) very happy
5 I _ (be) there at four o'clock, I promise
6 A: “I’m cold.”
B: “I _ (turn) on the fire.”
7 A: “She's late.”
B: “Don't worry she _ (come).”
8 The meeting _ (take) place at 6 p.m
9 If you eat all of that cake, you _ (feel) sick
10 They _ (be) at home at 10 o'clock
10.
Tương lai tiếp diễn (Future continuous):
* Công thức:
S + will / shall + be + V-ing
S + won‟t / shan‟t + be + V-ing Wh- + will / shall + S + be + V-ing …?
Cách dùng :
Một hành sẽ đang xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai
Ex: - At 9a.m tomorrow, we will be studying Math
Dấu hiệu :
at + giờ trong tương lai (at 10 p.m tomorrow, at 7 pm tonight…)
at this time/at this moment + thời gian tương lai (at this time next summer…)
Exercise: Complete these sentences using the future continuous tense.
1 This time next year I (live) in London
2 At 8PM tonight I (eat) _ dinner with my family
Trang 83 They (run) _ for about four hours Marathons are incredibly difficult!
4 Unfortunately, I (work) on my essay so I won’t be able to watch the match
5 She (study) _ at the library tonight
6 (you/wait) at the station when she arrives?
7 I (drink) at the pub while you are taking your exam!
8 (she/visit) _ her Grandmother again this week?
9 At 3PM I (watch) that movie on channel four
10 (they/attend) _ your concert next Friday? It would be lovely to see them
11 Tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect) :
* Công thức:
(+) S + will have + V3/-ed
(-) S + won‟t have + V3/-ed (?) Wh- + will + S + have + V3/-ed…?
Cách dùng :
Một hành động sẽ hoàn thành trước một thời điểm hay một hành động khác trong tương lai
Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters
Before you go home tonight, I will have prepared dinner
Dấu hiệu :
by + mốc thời gian, by the time, before …– by then: tính đến lúc đó
– by this October,…: tính đến tháng 10 năm nay
– by the end of this week/month/year: tính đến cuối tuần này/tháng này/năm nay
– by the time + 1 mệnh đề ở thì hiện tại đơn
EXERCISE:
1 (your sister /get) ……… pregnant for 7 months?
2 My grandfather (write) ……… this novel for 2 months by the end of this month
3 She (not/ work) ……… for this company for 5 years by the end of this year
4 I (do) ……… my homework for 2 hours by the time my father gets home from work
5 My mother (cook) ……… dinner for 3 hours by the time our guests arrive at my house
Note: Một số cách hòa hợp thì giữa mệnh đề chính và mệnh đề trạng ngữ thời gian:
1 TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN + until / when / as soon as + HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
I will phone you when I arrive the airport
2 TƯƠNG LAI ĐƠN + after + HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH
He will go home after he has finished his work
3 QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN + while / when / as + QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (hành động ngắn – dài)
It started to rain while the boys were playing football
4 QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN + while + QUÁ KHỨ TIẾP DIỄN (hai hành động song song)
Last night, I was doing my homework while my sister was playing games
5 HIỆN TẠI HOÀN THÀNH + since + QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN
I have worked here since I graduated.
6 TƯƠNG LAI HOÀN THÀNH + by / by the time + HIỆN TẠI ĐƠN
He will have left by the time you arrive
7. QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH + by the time / before + QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN (hành động trước – sau trong QK) He had left by the time I came.
8 QUÁ KHỨ ĐƠN+ after + QUÁ KHỨ HOÀN THÀNH(hành động trước – sautrong QK)
Trang 9TENSES PRACTICE
1 When I last saw him, he _ in London.
A has lived B is living C was living D has been living
2 We _ Dorothy since last Saturday.
A don‘t see B haven‘t seen C didn‘t see D hadn‘t seen
3 The train half an hour ago.
A has been leaving B left C has left D had left
4 Jack the door.
A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting
5 My sister for you since yesterday.
A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked
6 I Texas State University now.
A am attending B attend C was attending D attended
7 He has been selling motorbikes .
A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years
8 Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago.
A discovered B has discov ered C had discovered D had been discovering
9 He fell down when he towards the church.
10 We _ there when our father died.
A still lived B lived still C was still lived D were still living
11 They table tennis when their father comes back home.
A will play B will be playing C play D would play
12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years.
A shall have worked B shall work C have been working D shall be working
13 I _ in the room right now.
A am being B was being C have been being D am
14 I to New York three times this year.
15 I‘ll come and see you before I _ for the States.
A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave
16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend.
A has happened B was happened C had happened D would have been happened
17 John a book when I saw him.
18 Her brother in Canada at present.
19 I to the same barber since last year.
20 Her father when she was a small girl.
21 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived.
22 By the age of 25, he two famous novels.
23 While her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week.
A was reading B wrote C was written D had written
24 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play.
25 Since _, I have heard nothing from him.
A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left
26 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag.
27 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years.
A will have learned B will learn C has learned D would learn
28 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book.
Trang 1029 Henry _ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner.
30 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner.
A finish B finishes C will finish D finishing
31 How long _ able to drive? – since 1990.
A could you B have you been C were you D are you
32 They since eight o‘clock.
A are talking B have been talking C talked D talk
33 My brother _ in the army from 1990 to 1995.
34 At this moment, I _ that we have a good chance of victory.
A was feeling B am
35 I _ the money from him yet.
A haven‘t received B don‘t receive C will receive D am receiving
36 This is the most interesting book _
A I‘ve read B I had read C I‘ve ever readed D I‘ve ever read
37 I him ten days ago.
38 At present, that author a historical novel.
A is writing B was writing C has written D had written
39 By next month, I _ my first novel.
A will finish B am going to finish C finish D will have finished
40 Mr John _ to Los Angeles in 1992.
41 They the exercise when their teacher comes back.
A are doing B will be doing C do D would do
42 By Christmas, I for the company for five years.
A shall have been working B shall work
C have been working D shall be working
We exam at 8 o‘clock next Monday.
A will take B will be taking C take D would take
44 By the end of next year, my son _ English for six months.
A will learn B will have learned C has learned D had learned
45 I will contact you as soon as I _the information.
46 Ask her to come and see me when she _ her work
A finish B has finished C finished D finishing
47 Tom and Mary for Vietnam tomorrow
48 He always for a walk in the evening
49 Her brother in Canada at present
50 Last week, my professor promised that he today
II Choose the underlined part in each sentence (A, B,C, or D ) that needs correcting.
1 After Mrs Wang had returned to her house from work, she was cooking dinner
A B C D
2 Jimmy threw the ball high in the air, and Betty catching it when it came down
A B C D
3 Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it.
A B C D
4 Last week Mark told me that he got very bored with his present job and is looking for a new one.
A B C D
5 Having fed the dog, he was sat down to his own meal.
A B C D
6 When I turned on my computer, I was shocked to find some junk mail, and I just delete it all.