600 Words for TOEIC 3rd Edition

The Leader in Test Preparation ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE ■ All activities match the new TOEIC format ■ Words presented with definitions and examples used in sentences ■ Vocabulary-buildin

The Leader in Test Preparation

ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE

■ All activities match the new TOEIC format

■ Words presented with definitions and examples

used in sentences

■ Vocabulary-building practice exercises with

answer keys

■ Advice on expanding your English vocabulary

©TOEIC is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service This

publication has been neither reviewed nor endorsed by the Educational

Testing Service

ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE

Copyright © 2008, 2003,1999 by Lin Lougheed

AH rights reserved.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means without the written permission of the copyright owner.

A ll inquiries should be addressed to:

Barron’s Educational Series, Inc.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN-13: 978-0-7641-9401-6 (aik paper)

ISBN-10: 0-7641-9401-1 (alk paper)

1 Test of English for International Communication—Study guides 2 English

language—Textbooks for foreign speakers 3 English language—Examinations—Study guides 4 Vocabulary—Examinations—Study guides I Title II Title: Six hundred essential words for the TOEIC test.

Table of Contents

Strategies to Improve Your Vocabulary vi Strategies to Practice Your Vocabulary xi

Lessons 1-5 General Business

11 Job Advertising and Recruiting 65

12 Applying and interviewing 71

13 Hiring and Training 77

14 Salaries and Benefits 83

15 Promotions, Pensions, and Awards 89

iv CONTENTS

Lessons 2 6 -3 0 M anagem ent Issues

26 Property and Departments 161

27 Board Meetings and Committees 167

What the Book Is About

This book teaches you vocabulary that will help you when you take the TOEIC {Test of English for International Communication) The TOEIC measures the English proficiency of people working in international business or plan­ ning to use English to communicate with others Although the exam does not specifically test specialized vocabulary, the items on the exam are in specialized contexts.

This book will help you understand specialized contexts that are often used on the TOEIC Each chapter focuses on

a particular context that has appeared on the TOEIC The contexts are specialized, but the words are not The words are genera! vocabulary They can be used in many contexts You will learn these words in contexts that are used on the TOEIC.

How to Use This Book

This book contains 50 lessons, and each lesson introduces you to 12 new words in a specific context If you study one lesson every day, in 50 days you can learn 600 new words You will practice these words by doing exercises that look just like the questions on the TOEIC.

Word List

On the first page of each lesson, you will see a list of 12 words For each word you will see the definition of the word and two sentences using the word in context.

This page

• Introduces you to the words for the lesson

• Shows you the words in context

• Serves as a reference anytime you need to check the meaning of a word

Vocabulary in Context

Next you will see a paragraph called Vocabulary in Context You will have the opportunity to see and use the words for the lesson in context.

• Complete the paragraph using words from the word list.

• Read the paragraph over to see all the words for that lesson used in context.

• Return to the paragraph as often as you like to reinforce the meanings of the words.

You will also see sentences using these words in context.

On this page, you will

■ Learn more words

• Learn to recognize words in their different forms

■ Learn about word endings that change words into nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs

v

vi 600 ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEIC TEST

Listening Comprehension

In this section, you will practice the words for the lesson by doing exercises that are just like the listening questions

on the TOEIC.

Part 1 — You will see a photo You will choose the statement that best describes the photo.

Part 2 —You will listen to a question or statement and choose the best response.

Part 3 —You will listen to a conversation and answer three questions about it.

Part 4 —You will listen to a talk and answer three questions about it.

You will practice the words for the lesson in context because the questions, conversation, and talk all use words from the word list for each lesson You will also practice listening skills and test-taking skills that you will need when you take the TOEIC.

Reading Comprehension

In this section, you will practice the words for the lesson by doing exercises that are just like the reading questions on the TOEIC.

Part 5—You wilt choose the best word to complete each sentence.

Part 6—You will read a paragraph and choose words to complete it.

Part 7 —You will read a passage, or two related passages, and answer comprehension questions.

You will practice the words for the lesson in context because the reading passages all use words from the word list for each lesson You will also practice reading skills and test-taking skills that you will need when you take the TOEIC.

Strategies to Improve Your Vocabulary

One of the best ways to improve your vocabulary is to read, and read often When you read, you

• See words in context

• Expose yourself to new words

The more you read, the more words you will see The more words you see, the more you will learn Reading can be

a very enjoyable experience, so make sure you read things that are interesting to you Then you will have fun, improve your vocabulary, and build skills you will need for the TOEIC, all at once When you read, there are several strategies you can use to improve your vocabulary.

1 Analyze Word Parts

Words can be made of roots, prefixes (before the root), and suffixes (after the root).

Example

re (prefix) + circula (root) + tion (suffix) = recirculation

In English, many of these roots, prefixes, and suffixes come from Greek and Latin words Learning the meanings of different roots, prefixes, and suffixes will help you increase your vocabulary.

Example

re means again

reunite bring together again

reconsider think about again

retrain train again

This book will expose you to many words that use common roots, prefixes, and suffixes.

2 Recognize Grammatical Forms

Some suffixes tell you whether a word is a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb You can learn to recognize these different suffixes They will help you understand the meanings of new words.

Examples

-tion competition -y easy -ize memorize

-ance deliverance -ous mountainous -ate refrigerate

-ence independence -able capable -en lengthen

-ment government -al musical

-ism Buddhism -ic athletic

-ship friendship -ful beautiful

-ity community -less careless

-er teacher

-or inspector Adverbs

-ee attendee -ly quickly

in this book, you will see many examples of words with these suffixes.

3 Recognize Word Families

Just like brothers and sisters in the same family, words can be related, too One word can become a noun, a verb, an adjective, or an adverb by changing its suffix.

4 Make Your Own Word Journal

When you read, you will come across many new words, and you will need an organized way to record them.

• Use a special notebook just for recording your new words.

■ Make a new page each day or each time you read a new article or story.

• For each new word, write the word, a synonym, a definition, the original sentence where you found the word, and then make up your own sentence using the word.

• Every day, review the pages from the previous days.

• Photocopy the chart below to make the pages for your word journal.

Example

New Word Synonym Definition Original Sentence My Sentence

consider think about To think carefully

about something

After considering all the difficulties, they decided

to go ahead with the project.

1 considered different schools before 1 chose this one.

viü 600 ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEIC TEST

New Word Synonym Definition Original Sentence My Sentence

5 Keep a Daily Reading Log

It is important to read something in English every day, aside from class assignments It is important to read things that are interesting to you You will get more out of the experience this way It is also important to read many different kinds

of things This keeps you from getting bored, and, more important, it helps you learn a wider variety of vocabulary.

* Read for 20-30 minutes each day.

* Read things that are interesting to you.

* Read on a variety of topics.

* Read books, magazines, newspapers, and web pages.

The following steps will help you read in a way that will improve your vocabulary:

1 Read without stopping Do not stop to look up unknown words You can understand the general idea of a pas­ sage without understanding every word.

2 Underline or highlight unknown words, or write them on a separate piece of paper,

3 Guess the meaning of unknown words Use the context and your knowledge of prefixes and suffixes and word families to do this.

4 Choose five key words and write them in your reading log These should be unknown words that are important for understanding the meaning of the passage.

5 Look up the five key words in your dictionary.

6 Write a one-paragraph summary of the passage Try to use the five key words in your summary.

x 600 ESSENTIAL WORDS FOR THE TOEIC TEST

Photocopy the chart below to make pages for your reading log.

Title: _

Date:

No of pages read:

Source: (book, web, magazine, etc.)

Key words:

Summary:

Strategies to Practice Your Vocabulary

The more you use your new vocabulary words, the better you will remember them There are a number of things you can do to practice and review new vocabulary words.

1 Review Every Day

Every time you sit down to work with this book, you should look over the words from the previous lesson Do the same every time you work with your Word Journal or Daily Reading Log.

* Review words from previous lessons

* Note words that you are unsure of

* Include these words in the following suggested practice activities

2 Read Out Loud

Saying your vocabulary words out loud is another way to reinforce them You can read word lists out loud, and you can also read the passages that contain your vocabulary words You can read out loud

* The word lists from each lesson in this book

* The Vocabulary in Context paragraphs in this book

* The passages you read for your Daity Reading Log

* The word lists in your Word Journal

3 Categorize Words

Make a list of words that you want to review Be sure to include the words that have given you difficulty Divide the words into categories For example, you could make a list of things you have or do at home, things you have or do at

an office, things you see or do at a store Any one word might appear in more than one category.

* Choose a list of words to review

* Divide the list into categories

* Use the words from each category to write a paragraph

* Using the same words, think of new categories and make new lists

keys money jobs parking spaces

Word

Associations

warning Places where you see warnings:

elevators electric wires subways cigarette packages

Study the following definitions and examples.

1 abide by v., to comply with; to conform

a The two parties agreed to abide by the judge’s decision.

b For years he has abided by a commitment to annual employee raises.

2 agreement n., a mutual arrangement, a contract

a The landlord and tenant were in agreement that the rent should be prorated to the middle of the month.

b According to the agreement, the caterer will also supply the flowers for the event.

3 assurance n., a guarantee; confidence

a The sales associate gave his assurance that the missing keyboard would

be replaced the next day.

b Her self-assurance made it easy to see why she was in charge of the negotiations.

4 cancellation n., annulment; stopping

a The cancellation of her flight caused her problems for the rest of the week.

b The cancellation clause appears at the back of the contract.

5 determine v., to find out; to influence

a After reading the contract, I was still unable to determine if our company was liable for back wages.

b The skill of the union bargainers will determine whether the automotive plant will open next week.

6 engage v., participate; involve

a Before engaging in a new business, it is important to do thorough research.

b He engaged us in a fascinating discussion about current business law.

7 establish v., to institute permanently; to bring about

a Through her many books and interviews, Dr Wan established herself as

an authority on conflict resolution.

b The merger of the two companies established a powerful new corporation.

8 obligate v., to bind legally or morally

a The contractor was obligated by the contract to work 40 hours a week.

b I felt obligated to finish the project even though I could have exercised my option to quit.

9 party n ,a person or group participating in an action or plan; the persons or

sides concerned in a legal matter

a The parties agreed to a settlement in their contract dispute.

b The party that prepares the contract has a distinct advantage.

10 provision n., a measure taken beforehand; a stipulation

a The father made provisions for his children through his will.

b The contract contains a provision to deal with how payments are made if John loses his job.

11 resolve v., to deal with successfully; to declare; n., conviction

a The mediator was able to resolve the problem to everyone’s satisfaction.

b The businessman resolved to clean out all the files by the end of the week.

12 specific adj., particular

a The customer’s specific complaint was not addressed in his e-mail.

b In a contract, one specific word can change the meaning dramatically.

1

W ORDS IN CONTEXT

Read the following passage and write the words in the blanks below.

abide by cancel establishment provide agreement determine obligates resolve assurance engaging parties specifies

Contracts are an integral part of the workplace In simple terms, contracts are an (1) _ between two or more (2) _ that (3) _ terms and ( 4 ) _ the parties to follow them Contracts often include the amount that a client will pay contractors and what services will be provided For example, in your office, you may have a contract that provides ( 5 ) _ that your copier machine or phones will be repaired within a certain amount of time This service can either be done off-site or at your ( 6 ) _ A con­ tract often states ways to ( 7 ) _ if quality of work delivered is acceptable Well-written contracts usually (8 ) _ ways to (9 ) _ problems like these when they happen Before ( 1 0 ) _ in a con­ tract, both parties should think carefully, as they will have to (11) _ the conditions specified in it A contract usually specifies how the two parties can (1 2 ) _ it if either

party fails to meet the terms.

LESSON 1: CONTRACTS 3

W ORD FAMILIES

verb agree If both parties agree to the terms, we can finalize the contract.

noun agreement As soon as the labor agreement was signed, the factory resumed production

of new cars and vans.

adjective agreeable The parties are agreeable to the terms.

verb assure I assure you that our drug-testing policy is applied fairly.

noun assurance What assurance is there that the company will still be in business?

adverb assuredly He spoke assuredly, but his follow-up memo showed less conviction.

verb cancel The man canceled his magazine subscription and got his money back.

noun cancellation Writers usually receive a cancellation fee even if their articles are not published adjective canceled The canceled concert ended up costing our agency millions.

verb obligate The terms of the contracts obligate us to work for at least one more month noun obligation The factory managers have a legal and moral obligation to provide a safe

noun provider W e must negotiate a new contract with our Internet service provider.

noun provision The provision for canceling the contract is in the last clause.

verb specify The contract specifies the percentage of raise the workers will see next year noun specification The work was done according to our specifications.

adjective specific We have not chosen a specific location for the reunion.

Look at the picture and listen to the

sentences Choose the sentence that

best describes the picture.

1 ® <D © ©

Part 2 Question— Response

Listen to the question and the three responses Choose the response that best answers the question.

Part 3 Conversation

Listen to the dialogue Then read each question and choose the best answer.

4 What problem do the speakers have with the

computer company?

(A) It won't renew the contract.

(B) It can’t repair the computer.

(C) It sends incorrect bills.

(D) It charges them for extra spare parts.

5 When will the contract run out?

(A) In two months.

(B) In nine months.

{C) In one year.

(D) In four years.

6 What does the woman suggest doing?

(A) Asking the company to write a new contract (B) Canceling the contract.

(C) Renewing the contract.

(D) Waiting until the contract runs out.

(D) Someone who has canceled his agreement.

8 Which part of the contract are they looking at?

(A) A cancellation clause.

(B) The assurance of quality.

(C) The agreement on payment.

(D) A provision in case of bankruptcy.

9 When can the parties sign the contract?

(A) In two days.

(B) At the end of the week.

(C) Next week.

(D) In thirty days.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences

Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

LESSON 1 : CONTRACTS 5

10 The two sides were no closer to a fin a l at

midnight than they were at noon.

(A) agreement (C) agree

(B) agreeable (D) agreed

11 Our union representative members that

our rights would be defended.

(A) assured (C) assuredly

(B) assurance (D) assure

12 If yo u your reservation 48 hours in

advance, you will not be billed.

(A) will cancel (C) cancellation

Part6 Text Completion

Choose the word or phrase that best completes the sentence,

Rental Property for Everyone

More and more people are investing in rental property these days Whether you have a small apartment in your house

to rent, or decide to invest in an apartment or office building, rental property can provide extra income for you and your family What does every landlord need to know?

Leases

A lease is an 16 between a landlord and a tenant Standard leases are available at most office supply stores, and many property owners find them quite satisfactory Read the standard lease carefully to determine if it meets the needs of your situation You may want to make some additional 17 You may want to add a pet clause, for exam­ ple, or make different specifications pertaining to the security deposit If you decide to make changes to the standard lease, you should meet with a lawyer The lease is the most important tool you have if you need to resolve a dispute with your tenant When you have a lease written by a lawyer, you 18 that you have the protection you need.

Part 7 Reading Comprehension

Questions 19-23 refer to the following letter and form.

Santos O ffice C leaners

112 Main St.

Windsor, Ontario Decem ber 15,20—

Mr James Harrison

17 Hartland Hoad

Windsor, Ontario

Dear Mr Harrison,

We are very sorry that you have decided to cancel your

cleaning service contract with us In order to assure

that we provide our customers with the best possible

service, we always try to determine the reasons for

contract cancellations Please take a few minutes to fill

out the enclosed form This is for our information only;

completing the form does not obligate you to buy any

product or enter into any new agreement with our

company We appreciate your cooperation If at any

time in the future you decide to renew your contract

with us, please don't hesitate to contact me.

□ daily

S weekly

□ monthly

□ other Reason for contract cancellation (choose one):

□ no longer need service

□ signed contract with a different company

IS payment dispute not satisfactorily resolved

□ specific complaint not resolved

□ other Comments: I was always satisfied with the service provided by your employees However I am frustrated

by your inability to resolve the payment issues. _

19 What is the purpose of the letter?

(A) To find out why Mr Harrison no longer wants

this service.

(B) To ask Mr Harrison to renew his contract.

(C) To advertise new services provided by the

company.

(D) To offer the customer a better contract.

20 What is Ms Santos’s business?

(A) Customer relations.

(B) Cleaning service.

(C) Contract review.

(D) Conflict resolution.

21 Why did this customer cancel the contract?

(A) The company damaged something in his

office.

(B) The employees provided unsatisfactory

service.

(C) He had a disagreement about his bill.

(D) He doesn’t want this type of service anymore.

22 The word assure in letter one, line 2, is closest in

meaning to (A) guarantee.

(B) important.

(C) repeated.

(D) particular.

Study the following definitions and examples.

1 attract v., to draw by appeal

a The display attracted a number of people at the convention.

b The new advertising attracts the wrong kind of customer into the store.

2 compare v., to examine similarities and differences

a Once the customer compared the two products, her choice was easy.

b The price for this brand is high compared to the other brands on the market.

3 competition n., a contest or struggle

a In the competition for afternoon diners, Hector’s has come out on top.

b The company has decided not to join the growing competition for dominance in the semiconductor market.

4 consume v., to absorb; to use up

a The business plans consumed all of Fritz’s attention this fall.

b This printer consumes more toner than the downstairs printer.

5 convince v., to bring to believe by argument; to persuade

a The salesman convinced his customer to buy his entire inventory of pens.

b Before a business can convince customers that it provides a quality product, it must convince its marketing staff.

6 currently adv., happening at the present time; now

a We are currently exploring plans to update the MX3 model.

b Currently, customers are demanding big discounts for bulk orders.

7 fad n., a practice followed enthusiastically for a short time; a craze

a The mini dress was a fad once thought to be finished, but now it is making a comeback,

b Classic tastes may seem boring but they have proven to resist fads.

8 inspiration n,, a thing or person that arouses a feeling

a His work is an inspiration to the marketing department,

b Marta’s high sales in Spain were an inspiration to other European reps.

9 market v., the course of buying and selling a product; n., the demand for a

10 persuasion n.f the power to influence; a deep conviction or belief

a The seminar teaches techniques of persuasion to increase sales.

b Under his persuasion, she returned to school for her MBA.

11 productive adj., constructive; high yield

a The unproductive sales meeting brought many staff complaints.

b Alonzo is excited about his productive staff.

12 satisfaction n., happiness

a Your satisfaction is guaranteed or you’ll get your money back.

b We will print the advertisement to your satisfaction.

7

W ORDS IN CONTEXT

Read the following passage and write the words in the blanks below.

attract consumers fad persuaded compared convince inspire product competes current market satisfied

Yassir is getting ready to realize his dream: opening a business that sells plants on the Internet After completing a business plan that helped him to determine that there was demand for his (1 ) _ in the (2 ) , Yassir is ready

to start promoting his business Having (3) _ the bank that there was a market—that there were consumers willing to buy plants on the Internet—he needed to find these

LESSON 2: MARKETING 9

W ORD FAMILIES

verb attract The store’s poor location did not help it attract customers.

noun attraction Having a clown in the toy store was a foolproof attraction for getting kids to

enter.

adjective attractive Lou ran his store on an old-fashioned premise: quality merchandise at attractive

prices.

verb compare She compared the prices before she made a decision.

noun comparison There was no comparison in the quality of the two brands.

adjective comparable To get an average for home costs, the agent sought prices on comparable

homes.

noun competition Try to think of yourself as someone who leads the competition.

verb compete We competed against three or four other agencies to get this contract.

adjective competitive His competitive character made him quite successful in his department.

verb consume The analyst was able to consume new information quickly.

noun consumer The government tracks consumer spending closely.

adjective consumable He ran a study of the use of consumable goods.

verb market The sales department disagreed about how to market their newest product noun marketing A good director of marketing can find a way to sell even an unattractive product adjective marketable Once the sales manager decided to change the packaging, the product became

much more marketable.

noun satisfaction Our highest priority is customer satisfaction.

verb satisfy Henri was perfectly satisfied with his new fishing rod.

adjective satisfactory The rods were not in satisfactory condition.

Look a t the picture and listen to the sentences

Choose the sentence that best describes the picture.

5 How will the store attract more customers?

(A) By giving them trial products.

(B) By giving them discounts.

(C) By selling new products.

(D) By featuring happy customers in ads *

Listen to the dialogue Then read each question and choose the

4 Why does the store need to be more competitive? 6.

(A) There’s currently a recession.

(B) Productivity has dropped lately.

(C) There’s a new competitor nearby.

(D) New employees have little experience.

Part 4 Talk

Listen to the talk Then read each question and choose the best answer.

9 Where will the listeners be this afternoon? (A) At home.

(B) In a workshop.

(C) At a store.

(D) With a client.

8 What are they trying to identify?

(A) Their weaknesses.

(B) How to price their service.

(C) Their strong points.

(D) Who the competition is.

7 Who would listen to this talk?

(A) Customers.

(B) Competitors.

(C) Students.

(D) Salespeople.

LESSON 2: MARKETING 11

READING

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences

Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

10 Marketing specialists have conducted extensive

11 Smart shoppers w ill _similar brands of an

item before making a decision.

(A) compare (C) comparative

(B) comparison (D) comparable

15 A careful analysis of th e products on the market indicated that our product lacked innovation and optional features.

(A) compete (C) competed (B) competing (D) competition

12 If our work isn’t to yo u r _ , please notify us

within 60 days.

(A) satisfy (C) satisfaction

(B) satisfactory (D) satisfied

Part 6 Text Completion

Choose the word o r phrase that best completes the sentence.

Dear Valued Customer,

Smart consumers like yourself are concerned about your family’s nutrition Health is a top priority, and so is value You want high-quality food products at competitive prices That’s why we are introducing Farm Fresh, our new line of 100% natural and organic frozen dinners We know you’ll love the great natural taste of Farm Fresh dinners such as Turkey and Wild Rice, Wild Salmon with Spring Greens, and Country Chicken with Vegetables Farm Fresh dinners are

16 packaged with 100% recyclable materials But we don’t have to use a lot of fancy words to convince you to enjoy Farm Fresh frozen dinners We will let their great taste 17 you to keep coming back for more Please use the enclosed coupons to buy up to six Farm Fresh dinners of your choice at 25% off the usual retail price We know you 18 by the great taste and the great price.

Sincerely,

Rosa Martello

National Frozen Foods, Inc.

17 (A) persuade

(B) persuades

(C) to persuade

(D) will persuade

Part 7 Reading Comprehension

Questions 19-23 refer to the following report.

Catherine Cosmetics Company

Sales Department Meeting Report

March 2 9 ,2 0 —

We reviewed the sales figures for the past quarter We are currently experiencing a signif­

icant drop in sales in our hair care products This has been going on since the beginning of the year when we introduced the improved version o f our top-selling hair care line,

Catherine's Cutis Our advertising has not been successful in convincing more consumers

to buy these products We know there is a market for products such as these manufactured with 100% natural ingredients and no testing on animals In fact, our competitors are doing quite w ell in this area and have been for a number o f years We know from our research that the popularity o f all-natural cosm etic products is more than just a passing fad, and this

is why we decided to branch out into this area We have carefully compared our products

to those o f our three largest competitors We have looked at product ingredients, packag­

ing, target consumers, pricing, and sales strategies Our product is similar, or even better,

in all ways but one Our packaging is significantly less eye-catching than that of our com­

petitors, and it does not convey the important aspects o f the products to the consumer, that

is, that these products are entirely made with natural ingredients Therefore, in order to attract more customers, we recommend employing a new designer to create better pack­

aging for the Catherines Cutis line o f products.

19 When did the sales department have a meeting?

(A) At the beginning of the year.

(B) In March.

(C) A quarter of a year ago.

(D) At the end of last year,

20 Which of the following might be part of the

Catherine's Curis line of products?

(A) Shampoo.

(B) Hand lotion.

(C) Nail polish.

(D) Lipstick.

21 According to the report, why are fewer people

buying Catherine's Curis products?

(A) The prices are too high.

(B) The ingredients aren’t natural.

(C) The packages aren’t attractive.

(D) The type of product is not popular.

22 The word market in line 5 is closest in meaning to

(A) product (B) factory (C) purchase (D) demand

23 The word fad in line 8 is closest in meaning to

(A) need (B) fashion (C) event (D) wish

Study the following definitions and examples.

1 characteristic adj., revealing of individual traits; n., an individual trait

a The cooking pot has features characteristic of the brand, such as “heat- resistant” handles.

b One characteristic of the store is that it is slow in mailing refund checks.

2 consequence n„ that which follows necessarily

a The consequence of not following the service instructions for your car is that the warranty is invalidated.

b As a consequence of not having seen a dentist for several years, Lydia had several cavities.

3 consider v., to think about carefully

a The customer considered buying the DVD player until he learned that the warranty coverage was very limited.

b After considering all the options, Della decided to buy a used car.

4 cover v., to provide protection against

a Will my medical insurance cover this surgery?

b Her car insurance provided for complete coverage against collision.

5 expiration n., the end

a Have you checked the expiration date on this yogurt?

b We can expect that the expiration of our Japan contract will impact sales next year.

6 frequently adv., occurring commonly; widespread

a Appliances frequently come with a one-year warranty.

b Warranties for this kind of appliance are frequently limited in their coverage.

7 imply v., to indicate by inference

a The guarantee on the iPod implied that all damages were covered under warranty for one year.

b The travel agent implied that our hotel was not in the safest part of the city, but, when pressed for details, he said the location was fine.

8 promise n., a pledge, a commitment; v., to pledge to do, bring about, or

provide

a A warranty is a promise the manufacturer makes to the consumer.

b The sales associate promised that our new mattress would arrive by noon

10 reputation n., the overall quality of character

a Even though the salesperson showed me a product I had never heard of,

I bought it because of the good reputation of the manufacturer.

b The company knew that the reputation of its products was the most important asset it had.

11 require v., to deem necessary or essential

a A car warranty may require the owner to have it serviced by a certified mechanic.

b The law requires that each item clearly display the warranty information.

12 variety n., many different kinds

a There’s a variety of standard terms that you’ll find in warranties.

b A variety of unexpected problems appeared after the product had been on the market for about six months.

13

W ORDS IN CONTEXT

Read the following passage and write the words in the blanks below.

characteristics coverage consequences expire consider frequently

implies reputations promise required protect vary

Warranties are a seller’s (1 ) _ to stand behind its products Most major purchases like computers or cars come with a warranty, as do smaller purchases, like stereos or other electronic housewares Warranties are not ( 2 ) _ by law, but are (3) _ found on most products If you are making a purchase, you should {4 ) _ the individual (5) of a warranty, as each can ( 6 ) in the amount of ( 7 ) it provides At the minimum, warranties are required to promise that the product will do what it (8 ) _ that it will do; for exam­ ple, that a blender will blend or a hair dryer will dry hair Most war­ ranties are good for a fixed time, then they ( 9 ) _ , You can ( 1 0 ) _ yourself by buying products from companies with good (1 1 ) _ and taking good care

of your new purchase There are (1 2 ) _ to not tak­ ing care of a product, as most warranties require that you use the product in a certain manner.

LESSON 3: WARRANTIES 15

W ORD FAMILIES

adjective characteristic One characteristic of the new Lexus is its computerized seat settings.

verb characterize This line is characterized by its bold flavor and spicy aftertaste.

adverb characteristically Characteristically, she accused middle-level management of the accounting

error.

verb consider You should consider carefully whether a product will meet your needs.

noun consideration After long consideration, Heloise decided that the five-year warranty would be

sufficient.

adjective considerable The fee for the extra year of protection was a considerable expense.

verb imply She implied that she had graduated from Harvard.

noun implication What are the implications of the accident?

adjective implicit It is implicit in her demands that if she doesn’t get the promotion, she will leave

the company.

verb protect Juan protected the warranty by taking excellent care of his lawn mower.

noun protection For your own protection, you should have a warranty that provides for a

replacement product.

adjective protective Alfredo is very protective of the condition of his car and gets all the preventive

maintenance his warranty requires.

noun reputation The good reputation of the manufacturer inspired Maria Jose to try the new

product.

adjective reputable Because the company had a reputable name, 1 did not spend sufficient time

reading the details of the warranty.

adjective reputed The new store is reputed to carry items that are not of the highest quality.

verb require The warranty requires that you send the watch to an approved repair shop to

W ORD PRACTICE

LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Part 1 Photo

Look a t the picture and listen to the sentences

Choose the sentence that best describes the picture.

(A) There are no consequences.

(B) The warranty is no longer effective.

(C) Protection is decreased by 50%

(D) She will have full coverage.

4 How long is the basic warranty effective?

(A) Thirty days.

(C ) Refuse the basic warranty

(D) Buy a different car.

Part 4 Talk

Listen to the talk Then read each question and choose the best answer.

7 What is the point of the talk?

(A) Items under warranty must be fixed.

(B) If an item is misused, the warranty may be

invalidated.

(C) Machines with unusual wear are difficult to

repair.

(D) Customers often don’t understand warranties.

8 Who is the audience for this talk?

(A) A factory repairperson.

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences

Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

11 Jacques and Louisa will only purchasing

appliances that come with a money-back

guarantee.

(A) consideration (C) considering

(B) consider (D) considerable

12 If there is an y _ _ of the director’s

involvement, we need to follow up swiftly and

(A) reputation (C) reputing (B) reputable (D) reputed

15 If the appliance breaks down within two years of purchase, the manufacturer is _ to send you a replacement at no charge.

(A) requiring (C) requirement (B) requisite (D) required

Part 6 Text Completion

Choose the word o r phrase that best completes the sentence.

One-Year Limited Warranty

This warranty 16 the purchaser from all malfunctions of the product due to defects in materials or workmanship Only the original purchaser of the product is covered Resale of the product automatically invalidates this warranty This warranty 17 the manufacturer to repair any defective product or to refund the full purchase price to the pur­ chaser, at the manufacturer’s discretion The manufacturer’s liability does not exceed the purchase price of the prod­ uct This warranty does not imply that the purchaser has any rights in the case of a defective product beyond those stated herein This warranty 18 one year from the date of purchase A receipt or other proof of purchase is required in order to make claims under the terms of this warranty.

Part 7 Reading Comprehension

Questions 19-23 refer to the following two letters.

Kitchen Electronics, Inc.

We received the defective toaster which you returned

to us asking for a full refund under the terms o f the

one-year warranty Unfortunately, the warranty on the

toaster expired a month ago The terms o f the war­

ranty do not cover your product once it has expired

Consequently, we will not be able to send you a

refund However, we will be able to send you a refur­

bished toaster o f the same model in exchange for the

defective one if you desire Please let us know if such

an arrangement would be satisfactory to you.

Please don’t hesitate to contact me if you have any

questions We appreciate your business.

194294 Honeywell Boulevard Victoria Springs, AL

Dear Mr Bodine,

I have received your letter offering to send me a refurbished toaster in place o f my defective one I had not realized that my warranty had already expired After considering the matter, I have decided to accept the refurbished toaster Your company has a good rep­ utation, and I frequently use your products In feet, this is the first time 1 have ever had a problem with anything I have purchased from you Therefore, I am sure that the refurbished toaster will work as w ell as a brand new one However; I would like to be assured that the refurbished toaster will be protected by a warranty the same as a new toaster would be I f this is the case, then please send me the toaster as soon as possible Thank you.

Sincerely,

SơặUUc fS & tdetut*

Sophie Bordeaux

19 Why did the customer return the toaster?

(A) It doesn’t work.

(B) It was too expensive.

(C) She wants a brand new one.

(D) She prefers a different model.

20 When did she purchase the toaster?

(A) A month ago.

(B) Last October.

(C) Exactly one year ago.

(D) A little over a year ago.

21 What will she get in place of the returned toaster?

(A) Nothing.

(B) A refund.

(C) A brand new toaster.

(D) A different, repaired toaster.

22 The word considering in line 4 of the second letter

is closest in meaning to (A) reading about (B) thinking about (C) talking about (D) worrying about

23 The word frequently in line 6 of the second letter is

closest in meaning to (A) often

(B) rarely (C) never (D) occasionally

Study the following definitions and examples.

1 address n., a formal speech; v., to direct to the attention of

a The article praised her address to the steering committee.

b Marco's business plan addresses the needs of small business owners.

2 avoid v., to stay clear of; to keep from happening

a To avoid going out of business, owners should prepare a proper business plan.

b Lloyd’s errors in accounting could have been avoided by a business con­ sultation with his banker.

3 demonstrate v„ to show clearly and deliberately; to present by example

a Alban’s business plan demonstrated that he had put a lot of thought into making his dream a reality.

b The professor demonstrated through a case study that a business plan can impress a lender.

4 develop v., to expand, progress, or improve

a Lily developed her ideas into a business plan by taking a class at the community college.

b The restaurant Wanda opened ten years ago has developed into a national chain.

5 evaluate v., to determine the value or impact of

a It’s important to evaluate your competition when making a business plan.

b The lenders evaluated our creditability and decided to loan us money.

6 gather v., to accumulate; to conclude

a We gathered information for our plan from many sources.

b I gather that interest rates for small businesses will soon change.

7 offer n., a proposal; v., to propose; to present in order to meet a need or satisfy a requirement

a Devon accepted our offer to write the business plan.

b Jackie must offer her banker new statistics in order to encourage the bank to lend her money toward her start-up business.

8 primarily adv., first; most importantly

a We are primarily concerned with convincing the board of directors to apply for the second loan.

b The developers are thinking primarily of how to enter the South American market.

9 risk n., the chance of loss or damage

a The primary risk for most start-up businesses is insufficient capital.

b Expanding into a new market is a big risk.

10 strategy n., a plan of action

a A business plan is a strategy for running a business and avoiding problems.

b Let’s develop a strategy for promoting our ice cream parlor.

11 strong adj., powerful; economically or financially sound

a The professor made a strong argument for the value of a good business plan.

b Even in a strong economic climate many businesses fail, so do your planning carefully.

W ORDS IN CONTEXT

Read the following passage and write the words in the blanks below:

address develop offered strategy avoid evaluation primary strength demonstrate gathering risks substitute

Every business must ( t ) _ a business plan The business plan’s (2) _ purpose is to improve the entrepreneur’s control over the business and to help him ( 3 ) common mistakes It is not an overstate­ ment to say that a business will fail or succeed on the (4) of its business plan, so there is no ( 5 ) for a well-prepared plan The business plan documents the (6) _ for growing the business Think of the business plan as a road map that describes in which direction the company is going, what its goals are, and how it is going

to get there.

In developing the plan, the entrepreneur will conduct research to determine a systematic and realistic ( 7 ) _ of the company’s chances for success in the marketplace In creating the plan, the entrepreneur must research the company's target market and define its potential The entrepreneur must be able to prove through research that customers in the market need the good or ser­ vice that is ( 8 ) _ and that a sufficient number of potential customers exists to support the business.

A business plan also looks at the ( 9 ) _ the busi­ ness faces Chief among these is competitors The business plan must analyze the company's competition by (1 0 ) _ information on competitors’ market share, products, and strategies The plan should (11) _ what distinguishes the entrepreneur’s products or services from others already in the market

It is also common for businesses to fail because the owner fails to invest or seek sufficient capital to run the business A good business plan should (1 2 ) _ this issue as well.

LESSON 4: BUSINESS PLANNING 21

W ORD FAMILIES

verb avoid It is b e s t to a vo id g e t-ric h -q u ic k schem es

noun avoida n ce Y our a vo id a n ce o f th e se issu e s w ill n ot m ake them go aw ay

a d je ctive a voided T h e avoide d q ue stio n becam e m ore im p o rta n t o v e r tim e

ve rb d e m o n stra te L e t m e d e m o n stra te how th is co m p u te r program w orks

noun d e m o n stra tio n A fte r th e le ctu re , th e re w a s a d e m o n stra tio n o f new m a rke tin g te ch n iq u e s

a d je ctive d e m o n stra tive T he d e n s e ly encoded p rogram m ing w as d e m o n stra tive o f th e co m p ute r

la n g u a g e o f th e era

>rb deve lo p O u r a ssig n m e n t is to d e ve lo p a co g e n t b usine ss plan

noun d eve lo p m e n t T he plan w a s u n d e r d e ve lo p m e n t and w o u ld n o t be re a dy fo r m onths

noun d e ve lo p e r T h e jo b d e v e lo p e r w a s ke pt b usy try in g to p lace th e re ce nt co lle g e g ra du a te s

verb e valua te P lease re vie w th e se a rtic le s and e va lu a te th e ir u se fu ln e ss fo r o u r plan

noun e va lu a tio n Yoko fe a re d th e p ro fe s s o r’s e v a lu a tio n o f her busine ss plan

noun e va lu a to r T he independent evalua tor review ed o ur business plan and gave us good

feedback

v e rb stra te g ize Instead o f g oing in to a p an ic, le t’s stra te g iz e th e b e st w ay to m eet th e d ea d lin e.noun stra te g y T h e b u sin e ss plan la ys o u t a s tra te g y fo r fu tu re gro w th

a d je ctive s tra te g ic T h e h a n d o u t o u tlin e d th e s tra te g ic p o in ts to c o v e r in a b u sin e ss plan

noun s u b stitu tio n T he s u b s titu tio n o f gasse s is n o t so e a sy in th is e xpe rim en t

ve rb su b s titu te D on’t try to s u b s titu te in tu itio n fo r good p la nn in g

a d je c tiv e su b stitu te d C u stom ers co m p lain w h e n e ve r th e s u b stitu te d p ro d u ct is o f le sse r va lu e, even

th o u gh w e d o n ’t c h a rg e them fo r it

Look a t the picture and listen to the

sentences Choose the sentence

that best describes the picture.

(A ) S he has gath ered to o m uch data

(B) S he has take n on to o m uch risk

(C ) S he has m ade m any o b vio u s m istakes

(D ) S he is se rio u s-m in d e d and ca utio u s 5

5 H ow w ill th e m an h elp A le xa?

(A ) By d oing m a rke t research

(B ) By se a rch in g fo r an o ffice

(C ) By p o in tin g o u t h er m ista ke s

(D ) By n om ina tin g h e r fo r an aw ard

6 A cco rd in g to th e m an, w h a t is the m ost im p o rta n t

(A ) L on g-term grow th plans

(B ) An o ffe r fo r a leveraged buyout

Part 5 Incomplete Sentences

Choose the word that best completes the sentence.

LESSON 4: BUSINESS PLANNING 23

10 You c a n n o t le a rning how to use th e new

so ftw a re as it w ill be needed in d a ily o p e ra tio n s

fro m now on

(A) a void (C ) avoidin g

(B) a voide d (D ) avoida n ce

13 A fte r you turn in y o u r b u sin e ss pla n, you w ill

re ce ive a w ritte n _ o f y o u r w o rk w ith in tw o

w eeks

(A) e v a lu a to r (C ) e va lu a te(B) e v a lu a tiv e (D ) e va lu a tio n11.1 d o n ’t w a n t to in tru d e , but w ould you like m e to 14 If w e th in k _, w e can co m e up w ith a plan th a t

p ro m ise s su ccess

(A ) stra te g iz e (C ) s tra te g ic a lly(B ) s tra te g ic (D ) s tra te g is t

_ how to use th a t m achine?

(A ) d em o n stra te (C ) d e m o n stra tive

(B ) d e m o n stra tio n (D ) d e m o n stra to r

12 W h ile you a r e _ y o u r b u sin e ss pla n, it is a

good id e a to keep a re so u rce lib ra ry o f va lu a b le

m a teria ls

(A ) d e ve lo p (C ) deve lo p ing

(B ) d eve lo p m e n t (D ) d e v e lo p e r

15 It is now le g a l t o _a g e n e ric brand d ru g fo r

a p re scrip tio n m e d icin e if you have th e p a tie n t’s

To; S tephen S aunders, P resident

From : W illa R ichardson, M a rketing D epartm ent

Re: C hanges in m arket

In o rd er to a d d re ss th e ch an g es th a t a re c u rre n tly ta k in g p la ce in th e m arket, I b e lie ve w e need to m o d ify o u r b usi­ness pla n I 16 d a ta fo r th e p a st se ve ra l m onths T he in fo rm a tio n c le a rly show s th a t yo u n g e r and yo u n g e r peo­

p le are beco m in g in te re ste d in p urcha sin g p ro d u cts su ch as o urs W e need to d e ve lo p a 17 to reach th is yo u n g e r age group W e need to re d ire c t som e o f o u r re so urces tow ard th is goa l I th in k th a t if w e m ake th is a p rio rity o v e r th e next year, w e w ill have a m uch 18 p o sitio n a g a in st o u r co m p e tito rs If w e d o n ’t, w e risk lo sin g th e m a rke t sh are

th a t w e a lre a d y have I w ould like to share th e re su lts o f m y re se arch w ith you It d e m o n stra te s th e need to fo c u s o u r ene rg y tow ard th is yo u n g e r age g ro up P lease le t m e know if w e can m eet th is w eek to d iscu ss it

(D ) have been g a th e rin g (D ) s tro n g e st

17 (A ) s tra te g y

(B) s tra te g iz e

(C ) s tra te g ic

(D) s tra te g ic a lly

Part 7 Reading Comprehension

Questions 19-23 refer to the following article.

W hen developing a plan for a new business, the entrepreneur quite naturally wants to eliminate all risk W hile It is impossible to avoid some risk, the goal is to minimize it as much as possible How can

w e do this? Thorough research and careful plan­

ning are the keys There are two parts to good research, fir st, you must demonstrate that there is

a need for the product or service you plan to offer

Are there enough people out there who would be willing to pay for it? Second, you must look at your competition What do you have to offer that your competitors do not? Is your product or service o f better quality in some way? Is it cheaper or more easily available? Is there a niche in the market that your competitors are not addressing? If what you have to oiler is identical to what your competitors are offering, your business is not likely to he suc­

cessful These are some things to consider when evaluating how well you can measure up against the competition Once you have evaluated a need for your product or service and determined how yours will be different from your competitors', you are ready to begin the next part o f your plan—

financing.

19 W hat is th is a rtic le m o stly about?

(A ) F in a ncin g new b usine sse s

(B) H ow to p rice p roducts

(C ) The need fo r re se arch

(D) T he b e st m a rke tin g stra te g ie s

20 W hat d oe s th e a u th o r sa y a bout risk?

(A) W e sh ou ld try to reduce it

(B) W e m ust a void it

(C ) W e can e lim in a te it w ith c a re fu l p la nn in g

(D) It is th e key to su ccess

21 A ccording to th e a rtic le , w h a t can lead to th e

fa ilu re o f a new busine ss?

(A) O ffe rin g a c h e a p e r p ro du ct

(B) S e llin g th e e xa ct sam e p ro d u ct a s th e

c o m p e tito rs se ll

(C ) S e llin g o n ly to a niche in th e m arket

(D ) O ffe ring o n ly s e rvice s and n o t p roducts

22 T he w ord addressing in lin e 15 is clo s e s t in

m eaning to(A) fo cu sin g on(B) ca llin g on(C ) g ivin g up(D) sta yin g a w a y from

23 T h e w o rd demonstrate in line 7 is c lo s e s t in

m eaning to(A) fe lt(B ) cre a te d(C ) rem oved(D ) show n

Study the following definitions and examples.

1 accommodate v., to fit; to p ro vide w ith so m e th in g needed

a T h e m eeting room w as la rg e enough to a ccom m odate th e va rio u s needs

o f th e g ro up s using it

b B ecause th e d e a d lin e fo r re se rvin g room s w as past, th e h o te l m anager

co uld n ot a ccom m odate o u r need fo r m ore room s

2 arrangement n „ th e plan o r o rg a n iza tio n

a T he tra v e l a rra n ge m e nts w ere ta ke n c a re o f by S ara, Mr B illin g s 's

ca pable a ssista n t

b T h e a rra n g e m e n t o f sp e a ke rs w a s a lp h a b e tica l to avoid any h u rt fe e lin g s

3 association n., an o rg a n iza tio n o f persons o r g ro u p s having a com m on

in te re s t; a re la tio n s h ip o r so cie ty

a M em bership in a tra d e o r p ro fe ssio n a l a sso cia tio n p ro vid e s b usiness

co n ta cts and m u tua l su pp o rt

b Local te le p h o n e co m p an ie s fo rm e d an a sso cia tio n to se rve com m on

g oa ls, m eet th e ir com m on needs, and im prove e fficie n cy

4 attend v., to go to ; to pay a tte n tio n to

a W e e xp e ct m ore than 100 m em bers to atte n d th e annual m eeting

b T h e hote l m a n ag e r a tte n d e d to a ll o ur needs prom ptly

5 get in touch v., to m ake co n ta ct w ith

a A s soon as w e a rrive a t th e h o te l, w e w ill g e t in tou ch w ith the m anager

a bo u t th e unexpected guests

b T h e re g istra tio n d e sk is a good ce n tra l lo ca tion fo r peo p le to g e t in tou ch

w ith each other

6 hold v., to a ccom m odate; to co nduct

a T h is m eeting room h o ld s a t le a s t 80 peo p le com fortably

b S he holds an annual se m in a r th a t is ve ry popular

7 location n., a p o sitio n o r site

a T h e lo ca tion o f th e m eeting w as changed fro m th e Red R oom to th e

G reen R oom

b D isney W orld w as the p e rfe ct lo ca tion fo r th e a nn u al m eeting sin ce m any

m em bers co u ld bring th e ir fa m ilie s

8 overcrowded a d j., to o crow ded

a A s soon as th e g u e sts e nte re d th e d in in g room fo r dinner, S ue Lin co uld see th a t the room w ould becom e overcro w de d

b To avoid b eing o vercro w de d , w e lim ite d the n um ber o f g u e sts th a t

m em bers co uld bring

9 register n., a re co rd ; v., to record

a A ccording to th e re gister, m ore th a n 250 people a tte n d e d th e afte rn o on sem inar

b H o tels ask all g ue sts to re g iste r and g ive a hom e add re ss

10 select v., to choose fro m a g ro u p ; a d j., s p e c ia lly chosen

a T he c o n fe re n ce p a rtic ip a n t se le cte d th e m arketing se m in a r fro m th e

v a rio u s o ffe rin g s

b T he w in n e rs w ere a se le c t group

11 session n., a m eeting

a T he m orning se ssio n s tend to fill up firs t, so sign up early

b D ue to th e p o p u la rity o f th is co urse, w e w ill o ffe r tw o se ssio ns

12 take part in v., to jo in o r p a rtic ip a te

a T he fo rm a t fo r th e se ssio n is v e ry in form a l, w hich m akes it e a s ie r fo r people to ta k e p a rt in th e d iscu ssio n

b W e could n ot g e t eno u gh p eo p le to ta ke p a rt in th e m eeting, so

w e ca nce le d it

25

WORDS IN CONTEXT

Read the following passage and write the words in the blanks below.

accom m odate a tte n din g lo ca tio n se le ct

a rra n ge m e nts g e t in tou ch o vercro w de d se ssio ns

a sso cia tio n s hold re g is te r take p a rt in

M any ( 1 ) and org an iza tion s hold annual co n ­ferences so th a t th e ir m em bers can (2 ) w ith each

o th e r and (3) edu ca tion a l program s W henplanning a conference, event co ordin a tors try to have a va rie ty of(4) so p eo p le (5) can( 6 ) a w orkshop o r m eeting th a t best su its th e irneeds W hen m aking ( 7 ) fo r a conference, the ylook fo r a site th a t w ill (8 ) all th e ir needs The siteshould be able to (9) the num ber o f people

e xp e cte d to a tte n d , w ith o u t th e m e e tin g ro o m s b e ing(1 0 ) G ood even t co ordin a tors to u r the site before

m aking a final decision because brochures cannot show all the nec­

e ssary deta ils H aving m eetings in a fun (1 1 ) can

re a lly encourage people to (1 2 ) fo r the m eeting

LESSON 5: CONFERENCES 27

W ORD FAMILIES

ve rb accom m o da te T h e hote l s ta ff w a s a b le to accom m o da te o ur m any n eeds fo r th e co nfe re nce noun accom m o da tio n T h e a ccom m o da tio ns a t th e h o te l in clu de sw im m ing pool, gym , and re stau ra n t

a d je c tiv e accom m o da tin g T he c o n fe re n ce c e n te r m a nager w a s e xtre m e ly a ccom m o da tin g and trie d to

m ake o u r sta y ple asa n t

noun a rra n g e m e n t N obody could u nd e rstan d th e se atin g arra n ge m e nt

v e rb a rra n ge W e w ill a rra n g e th e c h a irs in a circ le

a d je ctive arranged T he a rra n ge d flo w e rs d id n ’t lo o k like th o se w e ch o se fro m th e ca ta lo g

noun a sso cia tio n A ny a sso cia tio n w ith th e fo rm e r co m p an y w ill p ut us in a n e g a tive lig h t

v e rb a ssociate D o you th in k cu sto m e rs w ill a sso cia te th e fa ile d u p sta rt w ith o urs?

a d je ctive a ssociate d T he a sso cia te d co sts w ill p u t th is p ro je c t o u t o f o u r reach

verb attend G illia n a tte n d e d th e re ce p tio n fo r v is itin g am bassa d ors

noun atte n de e M ore than 500 a tte n d e e s packed th e ballro om

noun a tte n da n ce A tte n da n ce w as lo w fo r th is y e a r’s annual m eeting

verb se le ct S ince th e re are o v e rla p p in g w o rksh op s, p a rticip a n ts w ill have to se le c t w hich

one m ost a p p e a ls to them noun se le ctio n H is d in n e r se le ctio n o f stu ffe d q u a il sounded b e tte r on th e m enu th a n it looked

on th e p la te

a d je ctive se le ctive T he p la nn in g co m m itte e w as v e ry s e le ctive a b o u t w ho re ce ived in v ita tio n s

v e rb re g iste r H e re g iste re d fo r his cla sse s v ia th e Inte rn e t

noun re g iste r T h e h o te l’s re g is te r show ed th a t o n ly h a lf th e m em bers had a rrive d

noun re g is tra tio n R e g istra tio n is a d e ta il-o rie n te d and c ru cia l p a rt o f running any m eeting

W ORD PRACTICE

Part 3 Conversation

Listen to the dialogue Then read each question and choose the best response.

4 W h y are th e y having d iffic u lty a rra n gin g a site fo r

th e co nfe re nce ?

(A ) it’s a b usy tim e o f year

(B ) T h e y p ro cra stin a te d

(C) T h e ir g ro u p is large

(D ) T h e c o o rd in a to r has been sick 5

5 W hen w ill th e co n fe re n ce ta k e p la ce?

(A) A t th e end o f th is m onth

Look at the picture and listen to the sentences

Choose the sentence that best describes the

(A ) A ccom m odating d isa b le d people

(B) Legal re s p o n s ib ility fo r o ff-s ite e ven ts

se ssio n