28Test bank for organizational behaviour 2nd edition french

assigning an individual to a group or category and judging the person accordingly Emily has developed a negative feeling towards her supervisor over a period of time, but she is not sure

Test Bank for Organizational Behaviour 2nd

Edition French

Multiple Choice Questions

The locus of control was developed by:

1 a Pygmalion

2 b Mintzberg

3 c Rotter

4 d Freud

The use of stereotyping in judging people results in:

1 a correct evaluation of differences between individuals

2 b correctly identifying characteristics of a group

3 c accurate prediction of job performance

4 d inaccurate assessment of an individual’s performance potential

The idiographic approach to personality:

1 a believes that an individual’s personality emerges and develops with experience

2 b believes that one should do whatever it takes to get our own way

3 c seeks to identify the ways in which individual’s personality varies from others

4 d believes that extroversion-introversion is the most important personality dimension

Samantha is a 29-year-old sales consultant for a podcasting company She believes that she can accomplish anything she wishes to, and always takes action to improve her circumstances However her manager is reluctant to send her on an overseas assignment as he believes women managers would not be

accepted in the host country in question Which one of the

following concepts is relevant in Samantha’s story?

1 a introversion

2 b heredity

3 c stereotyping

4 d psychodynamic theory

The nomothetic view of personality:

1 a believes that an individual’s personality emerges and develops with experience

2 b seeks to identify the ways in which individuals’ personality varies from others

3 c gives stress to an individual’s childhood experience in determining personality

4 d believes that we behave in ways that create and maintain desired

impressions

Which of the following is not one of the ‘Big 5’ personality

dimensions?

1 a extroversion-introversion

2 b agreeableness-hostility

3 c halo-rusty halo

4 d open to experience-closed to experience

Externals are than internals

1 a less dogmatic

2 b less authoritarian

3 c less Machiavellian

4 d less reliant on their judgement

In a recent job review Simon promoted Fraser because he thinks Fraser shows the same drive that he had when he was Fraser’s age This is an example of:

1 a stereotyping

2 b the rusty halo effect

3 c projection

4 d cognitive dissonance

Cognitive dissonance occurs when:

1 a an individual experiences a feeling of dissatisfaction with their work

2 b an individual experiences a feeling of dissatisfaction with their employer

3 c there is a state of consistency between an individual’s attitudes and behaviour

4 d there is a state of inconsistency between an individual’s attitudes and behaviour

Meglino’s values schema consists of:

1 a empathy, helping and concern for others, honesty and fairness

2 b achievement, helping and concern for others, honesty and fairness

3 c empathy, achievement, honesty and fairness

4 d honesty, helping and concern for others, fairness, integrity

Which of these statements is correct?

1 a culture shock does not involve a re-evaluation of core values

2 b culture shock necessarily involves re-evaluation of core values

3 c culture shock is experienced more by females than by males

4 d culture shock is experienced more by males than by females

Which of the following is NOT included as a major factor

contributing to perceptual differences?

1 a characteristics of perceiver

2 b characteristics of perceived

3 c situation

4 d motivation

A person’s perceptual set is:

1 a when one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall impression

2 b the assignment of one’s own personal attributes to other individuals

3 c the tendency to find in another situation or person that which you

expected to find

4 d a person’s past experiences, personality and values influencing their perception

Roman always uses whatever means, foul or fair, in order to please his manager He upsets many people in the process of doing so Roman is demonstrating:

1 a stereotyping

2 b Machiavellianism

3 c selective perception

4 d authoritarianism

Work effort is best described as:

1 a willingness to turn up to work

2 b willingness to work long hours

3 c willingness to perform

4 d motivation to work

Kyla always blames others when things go wrong This is an example of:

1 a an internal locus of control

2 b an external locus of control

3 c external dogmatism

4 d a manipulative tendency

Which of the following is not an advantage of employing a diverse workforce?

1 a diverse perspectives bring creativity and innovation

2 b where there is a shortage of skilled labour, diversity has recruitment benefits

3 c problems are solved using a wide range of ideas and perspectives

4 d in diverse workforces individual are stereotyped

Dogmatic superiors tend to:

1 a reject authority

2 b accept subordinates based on how much the subordinates agree with accepted authority

3 c alternate between being rigid and flexible

4 d use a flexible approach as managers

The fundamental attribution error occurs when:

1 a we overestimate the influence of personal factors on others’ behaviour

2 b we assign an individual to a group of category and judge them

accordingly

3 c we assign our own personal attributes to another individual

4 d we behave in ways that will create and maintain desired impressions Projection is:

1 a the assignment of one’s own personal attributes to other individuals

2 b the tendency to find in another situation or person that which you

expected to find

3 c when one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall impression

4 d assigning an individual to a group or category and judging the person accordingly

Emily has developed a negative feeling towards her supervisor over a period of time, but she is not sure what to do about it At what stage of attitude formation is she?

1 a cognitive

2 b affective

3 c perceptive

4 d behavioural

Internals are than externals

1 a more alienated

2 b more rootless

3 c better in learning and problem solving tasks

4 d more dependent

Simon also promoted Moira Simon assumes that because Moira

is polite, punctual and neat she must also be a dedicated and diligent worker This is an example of:

1 a stereotyping

2 b the halo effect

3 c selective perception

4 d expectancy

A halo effect occurs when:

1 a an individual is assigned to a group or category and judged accordingly

2 b one attribute of a person or situation is used to develop an overall

impression

3 c one assigns one’s own personal attributes to another individual

4 d an individual overestimates the influence of personal factors on others’ behaviour

Impression management is:

1 a the assignment of an individual to a group or category and judging them accordingly

2 b the assignment of our own personal attributes to another individual

3 c an attempt to behave in ways that will create and maintain desired impressions

4 d an overestimation of the influence of personal factors on other’s

behaviour

Which of these statements is correct?

1 a values are more specific than attitudes

2 b attitudes are more positive than values

3 c values are less specific than attitudes

4 d attitudes are more negative than values

Felipe is a young man who appears very sensitive to the other employees’ moods and concerns He is outgoing and always happy to have lots of company and social time with work

colleagues Which of the following pairs of concepts best describe Felipe?

1 a extroversion, emotional intelligence

2 b introversion, emotional intelligence

3 c Machiavellianism, emotional intelligence

4 d closed to experience, emotional intelligence

The ‘rusty halo’ effect involves:

1 a one attribute of a person or situation leading to a negative overall

impression

2 b one attribute of a person or situation leading to a positive overall

impression

3 c the tendency to find in another situation or person that which you

expected to find

4 d the assignment of an individual to a group or category and judging them accordingly

Which of these statements is correct?

1 a cultural self-awareness is a pre-requisite for understanding other cultures

2 b cultural self-awareness is a hindrance to understanding other cultures

3 c cultural self-awareness was a term coined by Rotter

4 d cultural self-awareness was a term coined by Machiavelli

Which of these statements is correct?

1 a stereotypes are not always inaccurate

2 b stereotypes are always accurate

3 c stereotypes are always inaccurate

4 d stereotypes are always the result of culture shock

Cindy and Roberta were watching a game of tennis The referee called ‘out’ – but Cindy disagreed with the call However, Roberta agreed with the referee’s decision This is an example of:

1 a stereotyping

2 b negotiating

3 c perception

4 d psychometric testing

Ian and Lars are working hard and to the best of their abilities, but are still not achieving the high performance levels expected of them This is because there may be:

1 a a lack of organizational support

2 b an improper allocation of rewards

3 c low motivation

4 d rusty halo effect

‘The Prince’ is the basis of a personality dimension called:

1 a dogmatism

2 b Machiavellianism

3 c authoritarianism

4 d extroversion

What is NOT part of the performance equation?

1 a satisfaction causes performance

2 b motivation causes performance

3 c motivation causes satisfaction

4 d rewards cause both performance and satisfaction

Dudley is a 64 year-old man who has done just about every job there is to do in the organization and is able to fill in for most employees when they are absent from work Despite this, he lacks confidence, has a poor opinion of himself and keeps to himself as much as possible Which personality traits best

describe Dudley?

1 a Internal locus of control and poor self-concept

2 b Introverted and high in self-esteem

3 c High self-esteem and external locus of control

4 d Introverted and low in self-esteem

The locus of control measures:

1 a the ways in which a person goes about gathering and evaluating information

2 b a person’s emphasis on authority

3 c the extent to which a person feels able to affect his or her life

4 d the relatively enduring ways in which one individual differs from another Stereotyping is:

1 a assigning an individual to a group or a category and judging the person accordingly

2 b overestimating capabilities of a group

3 c underestimating capabilities of a group

4 d treating every individual the same way

The individual performance equation comprises:

1 a individual attributes, organizational support and work effort

2 b work effort, personal goals and organizational support

3 c individual attributes, organizational support and personal goals

4 d personal goals, work effort and individual attributes

Value congruence occurs when:

1 a individuals express positive feelings on encountering others with similar values

2 b individuals express negative feelings on encountering others with similar values

3 c an individual experiences a state of inconsistency between their values and behaviour

4 d an individual changes their future behaviour to align with their values

In response to others, ‘internals’:

1 a are more reliant on their own judgement

2 b are less reliant on their own judgement

3 c have less self-control

4 d are more rigid

True - False Questions

The affective component of an attitude is a specific feeling

regarding personal impact

1 True

2 False

Locus of control measures the internal-external orientation of a person

1 True

2 False

Cultural values and norms do not play a substantial role in the development of an individual’s personality and behaviours

1 True

2 False

A Machiavellian is someone who views and manipulates others purely for personal gain

1 True

2 False

A script schema is a framework that describes the appropriate sequence of events in a given situation

1 True

2 False

Older people tend to be inflexible

1 True

2 False

In order to deal effectively with people from other cultures it is necessary to understand the influence of one’s own culture

1 True

2 False

Examples of individual attributes are demography, personality and competency

1 True

2 False

No one perception is ‘right’ in any objective sense and the ways in which we view the world can be influenced by our cultural

background

1 True

2 False

One of the components of the individual performance equation is organizational support

1 True

2 False

Personality is the overall profile or combination of traits that

characterise the unique nature of a person

1 True

2 False

Psychodynamic theories of personality believe that it is composed

of thoughts and drives emanating from the unconscious

1 True

2 False

Situational constraints refer to the forces within an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of effort expended

at work

1 True

2 False

Perception is the process by which people select, organize, interpret, retrieve and respond to information from the world around them

1 True

2 False

People with an internal orientation believe that they control their own fate or destiny

1 True

2 False

Cognitive dissonance is not a state of perceived inconsistency between a person’s expressed attitude and his or her actual behaviour

1 True

2 False

Dogmatism is a personality trait that focuses on a rigidity of a person’s beliefs

1 True

2 False

The cognitive component of an attitude consists of the beliefs, opinions, knowledge and information a person possesses

1 True

2 False

People’s values develop as a product of the learning and

experiences they encounter in the cultural setting in which they live

1 True

2 False

Culture shock is commonly experienced by global managers

1 True

2 False

Free Text Questions

What are some of the situational constraints that may not allow workers to perform adequately? Give reasons for your answers.

Answer Given

Examples might include: • Lack of time; • Inadequate budgets; • Inadequate tools and equipment; • Insufficient/inadequate instructions; • Unfair levels of expected performance; • Inflexibility of procedures

Explain any differences and similarities between authoritarianism and dogmatism.

Answer Given

Both deal with the rigidity of a person’s beliefs although these may take different forms Dogmatism thus may not necessarily relate to issues of authority

Explain locus of control and the different work outcomes that might relate to each of the orientations in that theory.

Answer Given

This refers to the general conceptions people have concerning whether events are controlled primarily by themselves as opposed to which they are determined externally

What do you understand by the terms ‘halo’ and ‘rusty halo’

effect Give two examples to demonstrate your understanding.

Answer Given