198 test bank for organizational behaviour understanding and managing life at work 8th edition johns

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198 Test Bank for Organizational Behaviour

Understanding and Managing Life at Work 8th Edition Johns

Multiple Choice Questions - Page 1

Emotional stability helps support positive work performance

if

1. A) The person expresses great detachment and apathy

2 B) the person is neurotic about their responsibilities and is fanatically detail oriented

3 C) the person is more calm and has highly effective interactions with co-workers and customers

4 D) the person is obsessive with customer service quality

5 E) the person keeps sticks to their established patterns and ignores updated information

The personality dimension of conscientiousness is defined

as

1. A) the degree to which a person is responsible and achievement oriented

2 B) the degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control

3 C) the extent to which a person is outgoing and enjoys social situations

4 D) the degree to which a person thinks flexibly and is receptive to new ideas

5 E) the extent to which a person is friendly and approachable

Social cognitive theory is most strongly associated with which of the following concepts?

A company converted its machine operators from piece rate pay to hourly pay and found that accidents involving the machines were reduced to almost zero from a previously high level What can we conclude?

1. A) Unsafe working practices were extinguished

2 B) Unsafe working practices were punished

3 C) Hourly pay resulted in bigger paycheques for the machine operators

4 D) Safe working practices were positively reinforced

5 E) Safe working practices were negatively reinforced

The personality dimension of emotional stability is defined

as

1. A) the degree to which a person is responsible and achievement oriented

2 B) the extent to which a person is outgoing and enjoys social situations

3 C) the extent to which a person is friendly and approachable

4 D) the degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control

5 E) the degree to which a person thinks flexibly and is receptive to new ideas

Which of the following represents the least effective

5 E) This question cannot be answered accurately as stated

Ron is a sensitive person, and he works very hard so that his boss doesn't criticize him Criticism is a(n) of

increases the probability of a behaviour by the removal of a negative stimulus after that behaviour occurs

Which of the following is not one of the four primary

categories of learning content in organizations?

Positive reinforcement the probability of a

behaviour by applying a stimulus after that

1. A) the degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control

2 B) the degree to which a person is responsible and achievement oriented

3 C) the extent to which a person is friendly and approachable

4 D) the degree to which a person thinks flexibly and is receptive to new ideas

5 E) the extent to which a person is outgoing and enjoys social situations

Extraversion is especially important for jobs that require

1. A) extensive education and credibility e.g Ph.D

2 B) low interpersonal interaction and independence.

3 C) a lot of interpersonal interaction such as sales and customer service

4 D) being a solo practitioner

5 E) in-depth research and analysis with great independence

Personality is most commonly thought to consist of

What is the most sensible strategy for administering

punishment, as long as conditions permit?

1. A) Partially and immediately

2 B) Continuously with delay

3 C) Partially with delay

4 D) Intermittently and cautiously

5 E) Continuously and immediately

should be especially careful in administering punishment because

1. A) punishment will always lead to the emergence of other undesirable behaviours

2 B)punishment usually has no impact on the behaviour they are trying to eliminate

3 C) punishment has a tendency to provoke a strong emotional reaction on the part

of the punished individual

4 D) punishment must be administered in front of other employees, and this often results in lowered morale

5 E) over a long period of time, repeated punishment becomes positively reinforcing

Janet has shown her boss how effective she is on the job because she is naturally curious about what is happening with her company, has broad interests and has a vibrant imagination She is demonstrating great

1. A) willingness to get along with everyone

2 B) reluctance to work long hours.

1. A) intermittently and cautiously

2 B) immediately and continuously

3 C) immediately and partially

4 D) after a long delay and continuously

5 E) after a long delay and partially

If a behaviour is increasing in probability, we can be certain that it is not being

increase or maintain the probability of some

response by their the situation in question

1. A) Positive reinforcers; removal from

2 B) Negative reinforcers; modeling of

3 C) Negative reinforcers; application or addition to

4 D) Rewards; removal from

5 E) Positive reinforcers; application or addition to

Which of the following statements represents bad advice on administering punishment?

1. A) Punishment should be coupled with an indication of the correct behaviour in thesituation

2 B) The chosen punishment should be truly aversive to the individual being

punished

3 C) Do not inadvertently punish desirable behaviour

4 D) Do not reward unwanted behaviours before or after punishment

5 E) Punishment should start off with a very mild warning, gradually proceeding to stronger punishment if the offense continues.

A manager realizes that her complaints about employee horseplay seem to encourage more horseplay She resolves

to ignore their horseplay in the future In operant terms, what has she decided to do?

An individual's personality encompasses

1. A)a relatively stable set of psychological characteristics

2 B) all aspects of the individual's consciousness

3 C) all aspects of the individual's physical and emotional response to their

environment

4 D) behaviours which are mostly learned through childhood experience

5 E) a constantly shifting set of personal characteristics

When we say that organizations sometimes confuse rewards with reinforcers, we mean that

1. A)only monetary rewards work as effective reinforcers

2 B) people differ as to which rewards are reinforcing

3 C) rewards cannot serve as reinforcers

4 D) the rewards are not made contingent on a desired behaviour

5 E) the reinforcers are not backed up with attractive rewards

A person with low self-esteem will likely

1. A) be able to deal with negative feedback

2 B) respond well to mentoring

3 C) be less susceptible to external and social influences

4 D) react well to ambiguous stressful situations

5 E) be less pliable than someone with high self-esteem

Learning is

1. A) not directly related to behaviour or experience

2 B) related to behaviour more than experience

3 C) a relatively permanent change in behaviour potential due to experience

4 D) concerned with both permanent and temporary changes

5 E) a relatively temporary change in behaviour potential due to experience

Which of the following statements concerning extinction is false?

1. A) Behaviours learned under delayed or partial reinforcement schedules are more difficult to extinguish than those learned under continuous, immediate

1. A) Managers seldom use punishment to control organizational behaviour

2 B) Punishment differs from negative reinforcement in that punishment removes a nasty stimulus following some behaviour

3 C) Managers should punish subordinates in front of other employees to set an example

4 D) While punishment signals which behaviours are inappropriate, it fails to

illustrate correct behaviour

5 E) Punishment involves the same process as extinction

The personality dimension which helps foster cooperation and nurturing of others as well as involve teamwork is

1. A) Emotional stability

2 B) Conscientiousness

3 C) Agreeableness

4 D) Friendliness.

5 E) Collaborativeness

decreases the probability of a behaviour by the application of a negative stimulus after that behaviour occurs

5 E) There is insufficient information to accurately answer this question

To reduce the probability of some unwanted behaviour we can use

The personality dimension of agreeableness is defined as

1. A) the degree to which a person is responsible and achievement oriented

2 B) the degree to which a person thinks flexibly and is receptive to new ideas

3 C) the degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control

4 D) the extent to which a person is friendly and approachable

5 E) the extent to which a person is outgoing and enjoys social situations

Gary Reynolds is the CEO of Reynolds Software Limited He attributes his success to careful planning, hard work, and a good business education In terms of locus of control, Gary

is most likely a(n)

In learning terms, a model is a person who

1. A) imitates the behaviour of others

2 B) administers a high degree of positive reinforcement

3 C) seeks a mentor

4 D) engages in self-management

5 E) has his or her behaviour imitated

The personality dimension of extraversion is defined as

1. A) the degree to which a person is responsible and achievement oriented

2 B) the extent to which a person is outgoing and enjoys social situations

3 C) the degree to which a person thinks flexibly and is receptive to new ideas

4 D) the degree to which a person has appropriate emotional control

5 E) the extent to which a person is friendly and approachable

The concepts of modelling and self-regulation both assume

1. A) that extinction is superior to punishment

2 B) that cognitive learning cannot occur

3 C) that people can reinforce themselves

4 D) that all workers prefer the same reinforcers

5 E) that learning can occur without reinforcement

A person who is a high self-monitor will

1. A) be prone to uncontrollable emotional outbursts

2 B) ignore the situation when determining how to behave

3 C) observe the situation when determining how to behave

4 D) have difficulty regulating their behaviour in social situations

5 E) be rather rigid in his or her leadership style.

Personality will have the most impact in which situation?

1. A) strong situations with well defined roles, rules, and contingencies

2 B) weak situations of loosely defined roles with few rules

3 C) situations of medium strength

4 D) both weak and strong situations

5 E) weak situations with well defined roles, rules, and contingencies

Recent studies suggest that extraversion is related to

absenteeism in a positive direction This means that

1. A) extraverts tend to be absent more often than introverts

2 B) extraverts tend to be absent less often than introverts

3 C) people become more extraverted through higher absenteeism

4 D) the more introverted a person is, the more absent they are

5 E) the more extraverted a person is, the less absent they are

A manager who scolds her employees for being late with the hope that this will stop them from being late is using

To obtain the best compromise between the speed of

acquisition of a desired response and resistance to its

extinction, which reinforcement strategy should be used in training? (In other words, how do we get the fastest learning combined with the strongest resistance to extinction?)

1. A)Begin with self-management and then go to modeling

2 B) Begin with negative reinforcement and gradually change to continuous positive reinforcement

3 C) Begin with immediate and continuous reinforcement and gradually go to delayed and partial reinforcement

4 D) Continuous reinforcement

5 E) Begin with delayed and partial reinforcement and gradually go to immediate and continuous reinforcement.

Edward has recently been told that he is very effective at networking with potential customers However, his follow-up after initial contact is sloppy and his files are not up to date

In order to be more effective on the job he needs to keep working on the part of this personality

are two strategies that can be used to reduce the probability

of learned behaviour They are

1. A)extinction and punishment

2 B) negative reinforcement and punishment

3 C) negative reinforcement and extinction

4 D) organizational behaviour modification and reinforcement

5 E) modeling and positive reinforcement

Persistent learning is best achieved through

1. A) punishment

2 B)partial, immediate reinforcement

3 C) continuous, delayed reinforcement

4 D) continuous, immediate reinforcement

5 E) partial, delayed reinforcement

A supervisor complimented each of his workers as he or she arrived promptly to work every morning Due to time

constraints, the supervisor had to stop this practice,

resulting in a much higher rate of tardiness among his

workers Which of the following statements best explains this situation in operant terms?

1. A)The supervisor's negative reinforcement strategy was stopped, thus

extinguishing the behaviour of arriving promptly

2 B) The supervisor was using a delayed reinforcement strategy, and behaviour learned under such conditions is easily extinguishable

3 C)The supervisor was using a continuous, immediate reinforcement strategy, and behaviour learned under such conditions is easily extinguishable

4 D) The supervisor was using a partial reinforcement strategy, and behaviour learned under such conditions is easily extinguishable

5 E) The supervisor was inadvertently punishing his workers by not complimenting them, so the workers didn't arrive on time any more

85 Free Test Bank for Organizational Behaviour

Understanding and Managing Life at Work 8th Edition Johns Multiple Choice Questions - Page 2

According to research on organizational behaviour

modification, which combination of factors has the strongest effect on task performance?

1. A) money, social recognition, and performance feedback

2 B) money, social recognition, formal recognition

3 C) money, peer recognition, performance feedback

4 D) formal recognition, social recognition, performance feedback

5 E) money, formal recognition, performance feedback

Which of the following is the most widely accepted

perspective within organizational behaviour?

1. A)the personality approach

2 B) the dispositional approach

3 C) the five-factor approach

4 D) the interactionist approach

5 E) the situational approach

To make behaviour most resistant to extinction, it should be learned under reinforcement

1. A) continuous and immediate

2 B) negative

3 C) continuous and delayed

4 D) partial and immediate

5 E) partial and delayed

Which of the following most accurately indicates the forms

of positive reinforcement that have been found to be

effective for organizational behaviour modification?

1. A) only money

2 B) money and feedback but not social recognition

3 C) social recognition and feedback but not money

4 D) money, feedback, and social recognition

5 E) money and social recognition but not feedback

Research on behaviour modelling training has concluded that it has a positive effect on

1. A) learning and skills

2 B) learning only

3 C) learning and behaviour

4 D) learning and behaviour

5 E) learning, skills, and behaviour

When individuals attain their goals, they are likely to set even higher and more challenging goals, a process known

5 E) discrepancy production

What are the components of career development?

1. A) career decision making and career management

2 B) career planning and career management

3 C) career management and career advancement

4 D) career choice and career planning

5 E) career planning and career decision making

Which of the following is an example of a motivational trait?

Luke has just provided opportunities for trainees to practise using newly learned behaviours What does he need to do next?

1. A) provide a model or models displaying the effective use of those behaviours

2 B) describe to trainees a set of well-defined behaviours to be learned

3 C) provide feedback and social reinforcement to trainees

4 D) take steps to maximize the transfer of those behaviours to the job

5 E) collect self-observation data

Which of the following represents the findings of research

on organizational behaviour modification?

1. A) performance feedback has stronger effects on performance than money and social recognition

2 B) money and social recognition have stronger effects on performance than performance feedback

3 C) social recognition has stronger effects on performance than money and

5 E) all of the above

Which of the following best describes the effects of

organizational behaviour modification on task performance?

1. A) The effects are strongest in manufacturing organizations

2 B)The effects are strongest in military organizations

3 C) It depends on the type of positive reinforcement used

4 D) The effects are strongest in service organizations

5 E) The effects are the same in all organizations

According to the approach, organizational

behaviour is a function of both dispositions and the

1. A)bidirectional reciprocal causation

2 B) triadic bidirectional causation

3 C) cognitive reciprocal causation

4 D) triadic reciprocal causation

5 E) triadic cognitive causation

Which of the following is an emotional disposition that

predicts people's general emotional tendencies?