Week 01 general anatomy

 The first step in Veterinary Anatomy education, the terms that indicate position and direction must be learned in quadruped animal  An anatomical planes are the hypothetical planes u

ANATOMY LECTURE

 PURPOSE

The aim of the lecture is provide the knowledge about Anatomy science and general body structures of the domestic mammals.

The lessons will be taught on systematic aspect in comperatively between the animal species

After this course, the students have basic knowledge about the animal body for the other veterinary courses such as histology, physiology, pathology, surgery

and clinics

 REFERENCE BOOKS FOR THIS COURSE

KÖNİG, H.G., LİEBİCH, H.E (2009) Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals PASQUINI, C., SPURGEON, T (1997) Anatomy of Domestic Animals

DYCE, K.M., SACK, W.O (2010) Textbook of Veterinary Anatomy

LECTURE PLAN FOR THE SEMESTER ONE

 Week 1 : General Anatomy

 Week 2 : Osteologia (Bones) - Vertebral Column + Thorax

 Week 3 : Osteologia (Bones) - Fore Limb

 Week 4 : Osteologia (Bones) - Hind Limb

 Week 5 : Osteologia (Bones) - Cranium

 Week 6 : Arthrologia (Joints) - General Terms + Classification

 Week 7 : Arthrologia (Joints) - Joints of the body

 Week 8 : Myologia (Muscles) - General Terms+Head + Neck

 Week 9 : Myologia (Muscles) - Abdomen + Limbs

 Week 10 : Body Cavities

 Week 11 : Digestive System - Digestive Canal

 Week 12 : Digestive System - Digestive Canal

 Week 13 : Digestive System - Digestive Glands

 Week 14 : Respiratory System

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Anatomy : Gr ; Ana + Tome (Temnein)

(The whole - from head to end) + (to cut and break into pieces)

 Anatomists use the scientific language «Latin and Greek»

 An internationally agreed-on vocabulary : Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria

Term of Anatomy

- Anatomy is one of the basic essential sciences of medicine

- Anatomy is the branch of biology

- Anatomy is concerned with the form, disposition and structure of organisms and their

parts.

- Anatomy prospects the NORMAL shape, color, size and position of the tissues and

organs and their relationship with the other parts

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Anatomy

 Macroscobic Anatomy - Gross Anatomy

 Microscobic Anatomy (Histology)

 Developmental Anatomy (Embriyology)

 Functional Anatomy (Physiology)

The discipline of anatomy is divided into macroscopic and microscopic anatomy

Gross anatomy (Macroscopic anatomy) is the examination of an animal's

body parts using unaided eyesight Gross anatomy also includes the branch

of superficial anatomy

Histology (Microscopic anatomy) involves the use of optical instruments

(microscope) in the study of the tissues of various structures, known as

histology, and also in the study of cells.

Physiology’s focus is in how organisms, systems, organs and cells carry out the

chemical or physical functions that exist in a living system.

ANATOMIA VETERINARIA COMPARATIVA

Anatomy

Taxonomy

Taxonomia (Yun.) = Taxis; order, organisation / Nomos; rules

Chordata Notochorda

Ungulata - (Un) - Ungulates (hoof)

Artiodactyla

Ruminantia - (Ru) - Ruminants

Bos taurus - (bo) - Cattle

Ovis aries - (ov) - Domestic sheep

Capra hircus - (cap) - Domestic goat

Suina

Sus scrofa domestica - (su) - Domestic pig

Perissodactyla

Canis lupus familiaris - (ca) - Domestic dog

Felis silvestris catus - (fe) - Domestic cat

Taxonomic Abbreviations

 The first step in Veterinary Anatomy education, the terms that indicate position and

direction must be learned in quadruped animal

 An anatomical planes are the hypothetical planes used to transect the body, in order to

describe the location of structures or the direction of movements

 In anatomy, four principal planes are used:

1-) Planum medianum (median plane)

2-) Planum sagittale (sagittal plane)

3-) Planum transversum (transversal plane)

4-) Planum horizontale (horizontal plane)

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DIRECTIONAL TERMS and PLANES

 The essential (touchstone) points in the animal body

- Cranium : Head or skull

- Rostrum : Beak (in birds), Muzzle (in mammals)

- Cauda : Tail

- Dorsum : Back of the trunk or limb

- Venter : Abdomen or stomach

- Palma : Palm of the hand (forelimb)

- Planta : Sole of the foot (hindlimb)

- Medianus : Middle of the body

- Latus : Side (or flank) of the body

DIRECTIONAL TERMS and PLANES

Planum Medianum (Median-Midsagittal Plane)

 In quadruped animals, the median plane is a plane perpendicular to the

ground in head-tail direction

 It divides the body into symmetrical left and right halves.

- Median : In the middle, Center point or direction in the body

- Dexter : Right side

- Sinister : Left side

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Planum Sagittale (Sagittal Planes)

 The sagittal plane is numerous planes parallel to median plane in head-tail

direction.

 The term originates from in latin term «sagitta» (arrow) The position of the

archer is parallel the median plane.

 The planes divides the body into insight - outside according to the median

plane.

- Medial : Near the medianus

- Lateral : Near the flank (side)

Planum Transversum (Transverse Plane)

 In quadruped animals, the transverse plane is a plane perpendicular to the median

plane and the long axis of the body (and limbs).

 The plane divides the body into anterior-posterior to the tail from the head

 The plane divides the head into anterior-posterior to base of skull from the muzzle

 The plane also divides the limbs into up-down to the long axis of the limbs

- Cranial : the structures lie toward the head

- Caudal : the structures lie toward the tail

- Rostral :the structures are close to muzzle

- Proximal : the structures are near the body

- Distal : the structures are stand away from the body

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Planum Horizontale (Horizontal-Dorsal-Frontal Planes)

 In quadruped animals, the horizontal plane is a plane perpendicular to the median

plane but parallel the long axis of the body or the ground (horizon).

 The plane divides the body into superior-inferior to the abdomen from the back

 The plane divides the heat into superior-anterior to the sinciput from the jaw

 The plane also divides the limbs anterior-posterior parallel the long axis of the limb

- Dorsal : the structures lie toward the back

- Ventral : the structures lie toward the abdomen

- Frontal : the structures lie toward the forehead

- Mandibular : the structures lie toward the jaw

- Palmar : near the palm in forelimb

- Plantar : near the sole in hindlimb

Planum Horizontale (Horizontal-Dorsal-Frontal Planes)

 In quadruped animals, the horizontal plane is a plane perpendicular to the median

plane but parallel the long axis of the body or the ground (horizon).

 The plane divides the body into superior-inferior to the abdomen from the back

 The plane divides the heat into superior-anterior to the sinciput from the jaw

 The plane also divides the limbs anterior-posterior parallel the long axis of the limb

- Dorsal : the structures lie toward the back

- Ventral : the structures lie toward the abdomen

- Frontal : the structures lie toward the forehead

- Mandibular : the structures lie toward the jaw

- Palmar : near the palm in forelimb

- Plantar : near the sole in hindlimb

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General Terms in Anatomy

 Dorsal – Ventral

 Cranial – Caudal

 Lateral – Medial

 External – Internal

 Superficial – Profund

 Dexter – Sinister

 Anterior – Posterior

 Superior – Inferior

SYSTEMATIC ANATOMY

 SYSTEMA LOCOMOTORIUM (Locomotor system)

 Osteologia (Bones)

 Arthrologia (Joints)

 Myologia (Muscles)

 SYSTEMA DIGESTORIUM (Digestive system)

 SYSTEMA RESPIRATORIUM (Respiratory system)

 SYSTEMA UROGENITALE (Urogenital system)

 SYSTEMA VASORUM (Circular system)

 SYSTEMA NERVOSUM (Nervous system)

 AESTHESIOLOGY (Special Sense Organs)