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John wiley sons john andsons objectorientedsoftwaretechnologiesintelecommunicationsfromtheorytopractice isbn 0471623792 jun 2000 s corner

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Object Oriented Software Technologies in Telecommunications: From theory to practice.

Edited by Iakovos Venieris, Fabrizio Zizza and Thomas Magedanz

Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons Ltd Print ISBN 0-471-62379-2 Electronic ISBN 0-470-84186-9

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