John wiley sons technologies for the wireless future jun 2006

Chapter 8 editors Panagiotis Demestichas University of Piraeus,George Dimitrakopoulos University of Piraeus,Klaus M¨oßner CCSR, University of Surrey,Terence Dodgson Samsung Electronics a

TECHNOLOGIES FOR

THE WIRELESS FUTURE

TECHNOLOGIES FOR

THE WIRELESS FUTURE

Wireless World Research Forum

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List of Figures xi

Edited by Mikko Uusitalo (Nokia)

Edited by Mikko Uusitalo (Nokia)

Edited by Angela Sasse (University College London, UK)

3.2 The Role of Scenarios in The Development of Future Wireless

Edited by Stefan Arbanowski (Fraunhofer FOKUS, Germany) and Wolfgang

Kellerer (DoCoMo Euro-Labs, Germany)

Edited by Mario Hoffmann (Fraunhofer SIT), Christos Xenakis, Stauraleni

Kontopoulou (University of Athens), Markus Eisenhauer (Fraunhofer FIT),

Seppo Heikkinen (Elisa R&D), Antonio Pescape (University of Naples)

and Hu Wang (Huawei)

5.3.2 Examples of Identity Management 119

5.5.3 Security for Fast Intra/Inter-technology and Intra/Inter-domain

Edited by David Falconer (Carleton University), Angeliki Alexiou

(Lucent Technologies), Stefan Kaiser (DoCoMo Euro-Labs), Martin

Haardt (Ilmenau University of Technology) and Tommi J¨ams¨a

(Elektrobit Testing Ltd)

6.2.5 Zero-padded OFDM (ZP-OFDM) and Pseudorandom-postfix

6.3.7 Deployment of Smart Antennas in Future

6.3.8 Summary 170

Edited by Gerhard Fettweis (Vodafone Chair, TU Dresden),

Ernesto Zimmermann (Vodafone Chair, TU Dresden), Ben Allen (King’s

College London), Dominic C O’Brien (University of Oxford)

and Pierre Chevillat (IBM Research GmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory)

7.4.2 Optical Wireless Communications as a Complementary

7.5.1 Scenarios and Applications 298

Edited by Panagiotis Demestichas (University of Piraeus), George

Dimitrakopoulos (University of Piraeus), Klaus M¨oßner (CCSR, University

of Surrey), Terence Dodgson (Samsung Electronics) and Didier Bourse

(Motorola Labs)

Edited by Amardeo Sarma (NEC), Christian Bettstetter (DoCoMo)

and Sudhir Dixit (Nokia)

9.3.2 Distributed Topology Control 436

Figure 1.1 Structure of WWRF 4

Figure 5.2 Some facets of identity and potential handles 117

signals are adjusted to produce approximately – 48 dB relative

different color A new user’s spectrum is tailored to fit into the

temporarily unoccupied ‘white space’ denoted by the dashed

lines Such a segmented spectrum can be generated by a suitable

Multiple-Output – SIMO) provides logarithmic growth of the

Figure 6.16 MIMO transceiver 155

codes and a linear transformation designed with reference to

on linear trajectories around a BS Scattering clusters provide a

Figure 6.40 Stacked polarimetric uniform circular patch array

downlink can be made available at the transmitter by using the

reciprocal transceiver may reuse all components in both link

frequency domain (yellow: antenna 1, green: antenna 2) (b) In

the captured channel, the multipath fading corrupts the signals in

Figure 7.11 MB-OFDM sub-bands used in Mode 1 (a) and Mode 2 (b)

described by circle and real channels by randomized geometric

system, (c) Narrow LOS system with tracking, (d) Narrow LOS

system using multiple beams to obtain coverage, (e) Quasi-diffuse

system, (f) Receiver configuration: single-channel receiver, (g)

Receiver configuration: angle diversity receiver, (h) Receiver

Figure 8.9 Software updates installation 340

between modes (intermode HO) and coexistence of modes (in

relay stations connecting different modes) by way of the

cross-stack management supported by the modes convergence

The composition and (re-)configuration is handled by the

(N)-MCM The (N)-MCM is controlled by a layer-external stack

heterogeneous DSP–FPGA system Interconnect among modules

FPGA co-processor highlighting interconnect challenges between

approach (a) at the source, (b) at a receiver; alternatively, for a

form of bridging between protocols (c) at the source, (d) at a

Figure 8.29 Transmission efficiency over leaf-node links for the ‘whole

Table 3.1 Uncertainties in scenario planning 17

Chapter 1 editors Mikko Uusitalo (Nokia)

George Dimitrakopoulos and Panagiotis Demestichas(University of Piraeus)

Sung Y Kim and Byung K Yi (LGE)Larry Swanson (Intel)

Andy Aftelak (Motorola, UK)Hans Nelissen (Vodafone, NL)Jae-Young Ahn (ETRI, Korea)Axel Steinhage (Infineon Technologies, Germany)Maria Farrugia (Vodafone Group R&D, UK)David Pollington (Vodafone Group R&D, UK)

Wolfgang Kellerer (DoCoMo Euro-Labs, Germany)

Mika Kemettinen (Nokia, Finland)Michael Lipka (Siemens, Germany)Kimmo Raatikainen (High Intensity Interval Training(HIIT)/University of Helsinki/Nokia, Finland)Olaf Droegehorn (University of Kassel, Germany)Klaus David (University of Kassel, Germany)Fran¸cois Carrez (Alcatel CIT, France)Heikki Helin (TeliaSonera, Finland)Sasu Tarkoma (HIIT/University Helsinki, Finland)Herma Van Kranenburg (Telematica Instituut, TheNetherlands)

Roch Glitho (Ericsson Canada/Concordia University,Canada)

Seppo Heikkinen (Elisa, Finland)Miquel Martin (NEC Europe, Germany)

Nicola Blefari Melazzi (Universit`a degli Studi diRoma – Tor Vegata, Italy)

Jukka Salo, Vilho R¨ais¨anen (Nokia, Finland)Stephan Steglich (TU Berlin, Germany)Harold Teunissen (Lucent Technologies, Netherlands)

Stauraleni Kontopoulou (University of Athens),Markus Eisenhauer (Fraunhofer FIT),

Seppo Heikkinen (Elisa R&D), Antonio Pescape(University of Naples) and Hu Wang (Huawei)

Stauraleni Kontopoulou (University of Athens),Markus Eisenhauer (Fraunhofer FIT),

Seppo Heikkinen (Elisa R&D), Antonio Pescape(University of Naples) and Hu Wang (Huawei)

(Lucent Technologies), Stefan Kaiser (DoCoMoEuro-Labs), Martin Haardt (Ilmenau University ofTechnology) and Tommi J¨ams¨a (Elektrobit TestingLtd)

Universit¨at Ilmenau)Bernard H Fleury, Jørgen Bach Andersen, Patrick C F.Eggers, Jesper Ø Nielsen, Istv´an Z Kov´acs (AalborgUniversity, Denmark)

Juha Ylitalo, Pekka Ky¨osti, Jukka-Pekka Nuutinen,Xiongwen Zhao (Elektrobit Testing, Finland)Daniel Baum, Azadeh Ettefagh (ETH Z¨urich,Switzerland)

Moshe Ran (Holon Academic Institute of Technology,Israel)

Kimmo Kalliola, Terhi Rautiainen (Nokia ResearchCenter, Finland)

Dean Kitchener (Nortel Networks, UK)Mats Bengtsson, Per Zetterberg (Royal Institute ofTechnology – KTH, Sweden)

Marcos Katz (Samsung Electronics, Korea)Matti H¨am¨al¨ainen, Markku Juntti, Tadashi Matsumoto,Juha Ylitalo (University of Oulu/CWC, Finland)Nicolai Czink (Vienna University of Technology,Austria)

Chapter 7 editors Gerhard Fettweis, Ernesto Zimmermann (TU Dresden),

Ben Allen (King’s College London),Dominic C O’Brien (University of Oxford) and

P Chevillat (IBM Research GmbH, Zurich ResearchLaboratory)

for Telecommunications, Heinrich-Hertz Institut,Germany)

Peter Zillmann, Denis Petrovic, Katja Schwieger, MarcusWindisch (TU Dresden, Germany)

Olivier Seller, Pierre Siohan, Fr´ed´eric Lallemand,Guy Salingue, Jean-Benoˆıt Pierrot (France T´el´ecomR&D)

Merouane Debbah, David Gesbert, Raymond Knopp(Institut Eur´ecom, Sophia Antipolis, France)Liesbet van der Perre (IMEC Belgium)Tony Brown, David Zhang (University of Manchester,UK)

Wasim Malik, David Edwards, Christopher Stevens(University of Oxford, UK)

Laurent Ouvry, Dominique Morche (LETI, France)Ian Oppermann, Ulrico Celentano (University of Oulu,Finland)

Marcos Katz (Samsung, Korea)Peter Wang, Kari Kalliojarvi (Nokia Research Centre)Shlomi Arnon (Ben-Gurion University of the Negev,Israel)

Mitsuji Matsumoto (Waseda, Japan)Roger Green (University of Warwick, UK)Svetla Jivkova (Bulgarian Academy of Sciences,Bulgaria)

P Coronel, W Schott, T Zasowski (IBM ResearchGmbH, Zurich Research Laboratory, Switzerland)Mohammad Ghavami, Ru He (King’s College London,UK)

Werner Sorgel, Christiane Kuhnert, Werner Wiesbeck(IHE, Germany)

Marco Hernandez (Yokohama National University,Japan)

Kazimierz Siwiak (Time Derivative Inc, USA)Ben Manny (Intel Corp, USA)

Lorenzo Mucchi, Simone Morosi (University ofFlorence, Italy)

M Ran (Holon Academic Institute of Technology,Israel)

Chapter 8 editors Panagiotis Demestichas (University of Piraeus),

George Dimitrakopoulos (University of Piraeus),Klaus M¨oßner (CCSR, University of Surrey),Terence Dodgson (Samsung Electronics) andDidier Bourse (Motorola Labs)

Malamateniou, Apostolos Katidiotis, Kostas Tsagkaris(University of Piraeus, Greece)

Karim El Khazen, David Grandblaise, ChristopheBeaujean, Soodesh Buljore, Pierre Roux, GuillameVivier (Motorola Labs, France)

Stephen Hope (France T´el´ecom, UK)J¨org Brakensiek, Dominik Lenz, Ulf Lucking, BerndSteinke (Nokia, Germany)

Hamid Aghvami, Nikolas Olaziregi, Oliver Holland, QiFan (King’s College London, UK)

Nancy Alonistioti, Fotis Foukalas, Kostas Kafounis,Alexandros Kaloxylos, Makis Stamatelatos, ZachosBoufidis (University of Athens, Greece)

Jim Hoffmeyer (Western Telecom Consultants, Inc,USA)

Markus Dillinger, Eiman Mohyeldin, Jijun Luo, EgonSchulz, Rainer Falk, Christian Menzel (Siemens,Germany)

Ramon Agusti, Oriol Sallent (Universitat Politechnica deCatalunya Barcelona, Spain)

Miguel Alvarez, Raquel Garcia – Perez, Luis M

Campoy, Jose Emilio Vila, W Warzansky (Telefonica,Spain)

Byron Alex Bakaimis (Samsung Electronics, UK)Lars Berlemann, Jelena Mirkovic (RWTH AachenUniversity, Germany)

Alexis Bisiaux (Mitsubishi, France)Alexandre de Baynast, Michael C., Joseph, R Cavallaro,Predrag Radosavljevic (Rice University, USA)Antoine Delautre, JE Goubard (Thales Land & JointSystems, France)

Tim Farnham, Shi Zhong, Craig Dolwin (Toshiba, UK)Peter Dornbush, Michael Fahrmair (University ofMunich, Germany)

Stoytcho Gultchev (CCSR, University of Surrey, UK)Mirsad Halimic, Shailen Patel (Panasonic, UK)Syed Naveen (I2R, Singapore)

Jorg Vogler, Gerald Pfeiffer, Fernando Berzosa, ThomasWiebke (Panasonic, Germany)

Christian Prehofer, Qing Wei (DoCoMo, Germany)

Jacques Pulou, Peter Stuckmann, Pascal Cordier,Delphine Lugara (FTRD, France)

Gianluca Ravasio (Siemens IT, Italy)

and Sudhir Dixit (Nokia)

J Nielsen (Ericsson, Sweden)

P Santi (IIT/CNR, Italy)

R Schmitz, M Stiemerling, D Westhoff (NEC,Germany)

A Timm-Giel (University Bremen, Germany)

Nim CHEUNGPresident, IEEE Communications Society

On behalf of the IEEE Communications Society (ComSoc), I would like to congratulatethe Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) for publishing its 3rd book titled ‘Technolo-gies for the Wireless Future – Volume 2’ This book contains the up-to-date collection ofWWRF’s white papers developed during the past 12 to 18 months The materials covercontributions by hundreds of experts around the world from virtually every sector ofthe communications and information industry The book includes an in-depth coverage

of technology topics such as ultra wide band, air interfaces, advanced modulation andantenna systems, and multidimensional radio channel measurement and modeling This

is accompanied by an equally rich set of systems chapters on architecture, user interface,network and service management, and emerging areas such as self-organization, cognitiveradio, and spectrum management I am glad to see a chapter on security, trust, maliciouscode, and identity management This chapter is particularly timely to address vulnerabil-ity issues for the open air interface I also enjoyed reading the survey of internationaland regional initiatives in B3G and 4G activities, as well as the projected landscape ofthe wireless world circa 2005, 2010, and 2017 While it is almost impossible to predictwhat will happen 12 years from today, I am intrigued by the statement ‘7 trillion wirelessdevices serving 7 billion people by 2017’ – the designated key technological vision ofWWRF Overall, I believe this book will serve as a useful reference for both experiencedresearchers and professionals new in the field

The IEEE Communications Society has been partnering with WWRF in a wide range

of publication and conference activities over the past several years ComSoc’s formerpresident Roberto de Marca and WWRF’s Rahim Tafazolli and Mikko Uusitalo coedited

a special issue in the IEEE Communications Magazine entitled ‘WWRF Visions andResearch Challenges for Future Wireless World’ in September 2004 WWRF was a tech-nical cosponsor of ComSoc’s highly successful Symposium on New Frontiers in DynamicSpectrum Access Networks (IEEE DySPAN 2005) at Baltimore, Maryland in November

2005 I look forward to continuing the collaborations between our two organizations in thedissemination of research and development results in advanced wireless technology Suchcollaborations will undoubtedly accelerate the realization of WWRF’s goal that ‘futuresystems should be developed mainly from the user perspective with respect to potentialservices and applications’

Xiao-Hu YOUProfessor, Southeast UniversityChair, China 863 FuTURE Project

It is my great honor to write this foreword for the new ‘Book of Visions’ of the WWRF

As this book was being written, it was right at the time that the B3G R&D had arrived at

an important stage In October 2005, the ITU gave ‘Beyond 3G’ the formal nomination as

‘IMT Advanced’ In 2007, WRC’07 will allocate the frequency spectrum for the Beyond3G Led by these milestones, countries around the world are working hard toward thegoal of creating an even more splendid future for wireless communications

This book encompasses almost every aspect of the future development of mobile munication technologies, such as the future vision of wireless communications, serviceinfrastructures, user interface and demand, information security and trust, and air interface,

com-ad hoc networks and ultra wide band communications It may be viewed as a concentration

of the research achievements of the WWRF in the Beyond 3G wireless communicationarea in recent years I am fully convinced that these achievements will exert active andprofound influences on the global development of the B3G technologies

To my great pleasure, the first chapter of the book introduces some advances in the B3GR&D in China As part of the global B3G R&D, China launched its B3G research program,the National 863 FuTURE Project, in 2001 While making significant progresses in theB3G R&D, we also established a close cooperative relationship with the 6th FrameworkProgramme of the European Union A group of Chinese research institutions had enteredthis program as collaborative companions The two sides also held two joint workshops

in Beijing and Shanghai, respectively These events enhanced the mutual understandingand promoted further cooperation, between China and the other countries in the world,

in the area of future mobile communications

In October 2005, China Future Mobile Communications Forum was declared to befounded in Shanghai As the cooperative counterpart unit of the WWRF, the FuTUREForum is ready for a further clasp with the WWRF to make greater contributions tothe development and the standardization of the global B3G wireless communicationtechnologies

One of the important factors contributing to the success of mobile communications, fromthe very beginning, has been a good understanding of users’ requirements In its firstgeneration, mobile networks offered users the freedom to communicate irrespective oftheir locations and the joy of instant access to telephony services This provided a com-petitive edge over the fixed wire line communication networks Continual assessment ofusers’ requirements and the important role that mobile communications play in our dailylives brought about the 2nd and 3rd generations of standards However, because of thewidespread availability of the Internet and high-speed data on mobile networks, the usersare becoming more accustomed to the use of such services in carrying out both privateand professional aspects of their lives The users’ expectations from mobile networks arebecoming more demanding and this trend is expected to intensify in the future To con-tinue with the successful approach adopted in mobile/wireless communications, a betterunderstanding of the users’ needs and requirements is essential to identify appropriatefuture technologies However, as it is very difficult to accurately predict how such needswould evolve, the envisaged future systems must possess sufficient flexibility to be able

to handle efficiently unforeseen needs, new services, and applications

This is the very approach taken in the writing of this book, starting with the cation of users’ future requirements based on today’s observation on the usage of mobilecommunications and extrapolations of that to the next 10 to 15 years The book structurealso reflects that of the WWRF Working Groups and presents the contents of some ofthe White Papers produced in the last 18 months The White Papers are the outcome

identifi-of a large number identifi-of presentations, discussions, and contributions made by internationalresearchers representing both industry and academia who are active in advanced research

on future mobile/wireless communications This is a follow-on book to Volume-1 lished in 2004, but with more emphasis on the user requirements and an in-depth analysis

pub-of the important technologies

The book starts with an introduction to worldwide and regional activities on Beyond3G and 4G and gives a comprehensive overview of the WWRF organizational structureand mode of operation Chapter 2 presents the WWRF-developed vision and requirements

in the future wireless world based on observations made today and their extrapolation toyears 2010 and 2017 In Chapter 3, a number of usage scenarios are identified and dis-cussions are presented on how these scenarios should be used in the future development

of wireless technologies and in particular, the problems and research issues associatedwith the advanced user interface in future mobile devices Chapters 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 9are more technology-oriented chapters addressing various subsystems of a mobile net-work In particular, Chapters 4 and 5 cover important areas of future service platforms,generic service elements and enabling technologies, user security and trust requirements,and identify important research issues associated with them as well as challenges in user

identity management in future heterogeneous networks Chapter 6 provides a hensive overview of new air-interface technologies and new deployment concepts forwide area networks together with related technologies in achieving high spectral andpower efficiencies using advanced technologies such as MIMO, cross-layer optimizationschemes, and research issues for resource management Chapter 7 addresses technologiesand research issues for short-range wireless communications and provides a thoroughoverview of ultra wide band technology and its future perspectives This chapter alsoprovides a comprehensive overview of requirements and technical challenges encountered

compre-in optical wireless communications as well as wireless sensor networkcompre-ing, and identifies anumber of interesting research topics Chapter 8 presents an in-depth discussion on recon-figurability covering aspects such as application scenarios for reconfigurability, essentialelement management, and Software-defined Radio together with reconfigurable networkarchitecture and support services, and the use of Cognitive Radio for spectrum manage-ment Chapter 9 outlines issues concerning self-organization in communication networks,

in particular for Ad hoc and Sensor Networks, and provides an interesting discussion onthe potential limitation of self-organization

I would like to thank and acknowledge the contributions of all the researchers and expertsfrom all over the world who passionately and openly shared their ideas in WWRF meetingsand influenced the contents of this book The number is too large to be practically listedhere.

The book would not have come to existence without the hard work and continuousencouragement of the WWRF Steering Board members

I would like to acknowledge the hard work of the Working Groups and Special InterestGroups Chairs in driving and directing the vision within their groups and assisting me inediting the chapters of this book They are listed below:

Dr Mikko Uusitalo – Nokia Group, Finland – Chair of WWRF

Professor Angela Sasse – University College London, UK – Chair of Working Group 1

Dr Stefan Arbanowski – FOKUS, Germany – Chair of Working Group 2

Professor David Falconer – Carleton University, Canada – Chair of Working Group 4Professor Gerhard Fettweiss – University of Dresden, Germany – Chair of WorkingGroup 5

Professor Panagiotis Demestichas – University of Piraeus, Greece – Chair of WorkingGroup 6

Dr Mario Hoffmann, Fraunhofer SIT, Germany – Chair of Special Interest Group 2

Mr Amardeo Sarma, NEC – Europe, Germany – Chair of Special Interest Group 3

Professor Rahim Tafazolli

Centre for Communication Systems Research – CCSR

The University of Surrey, UK

Introduction

Edited by Mikko Uusitalo (Nokia)

Currently, there are approximately two billion mobile phone users worldwide A rapidlygrowing fraction of them is using third generation mobile phones There were about

50 million 3G subscribers in the beginning of August 2005 Research on what will comebeyond the third generation has been active since the change of the millennium

Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) [1] was established in 2001 to facilitate theroad towards the generation beyond the third By joining forces early, the communitycould better understand what is relevant in research and thereby reduce risks in researchinvestments This should ease future standardization Interactions in WWRF have alsocreated research cooperation of a magnitude bigger than 100 million euros This is notformally linked to WWRF There are also many independent ongoing initiatives All theseactivities have contributed to starting a discussion on 3G long-term evolution in 3GPP [2]since the end of 2004 and in 3GPP2 [3] since the beginning of 2005

However, over the years it has become evident that the future is much more complexthan a new cellular radio and the related infrastructure There has been great focus on userperspective and technologies to make the life of the user simpler with better quality of life.There has been substantial innovation in radio lately In 2003, WWRF Working Group

WG on short-range radio was established to reflect this There is also a major trend towardthe convergence of digital industries In future, the telecommunications industry will bejoined by information technology (IT), consumer electronics, broadcasting and media,and entertainment industries to form a common digital industry Content will be in digitalform and usable across the media and industries The same generalization will apply

to services and applications The different industries have different modes of operationand their convergence will change these One example of converging industries is theemergence of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.XX [4]standards from the communication needs of IT

On the basis of the experience of the third generation, future systems should be oped mainly from the user perspective with respect to potential services and applications

 2006 Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF)

including traffic demands Therefore, the WWRF was launched in 2001 as a global andopen initiative of manufacturers, network operators, Small and Medium-size Enterprises(SMEs), R&D centres and academic institutions The WWRF is focused on the vision ofsuch systems – the Wireless World – and potential key technologies In the past, it tooksome 10 years for each generation to come to the market The future will show whetherthis pattern will be repeated or whether there will be gradual evolution instead of a clearnew generation.

One of the main drivers for the WWRF vision is the introduction of new servicesand the transformation of the network usage model I-centric services, adjustable to avast range of user profiles and needs, along with seamless connectivity anywhere, any-time are considered crucial to the vision of the emerging Wireless World In addition,the cost/benefit ratio will make such services affordable and less expensive than anyalternative or traditional solutions Flexibility, adaptability, reusability, innovative userinterfaces, and attractive business models, will be the key to the success of the systemsenvisioned for deployment beyond the year 2010 This book outlines this vision of thefuture considering the environmental, contextual, and technical aspects

The first version of the Book of Visions [5] was published in 2001 (commonly referred to

as ‘The Book of Visions 2001’) and was an early attempt to document the long-term vision

of the Wireless World that each one of us will live in The second version, Technologiesfor the Wireless Future, volume 1 [6], is complementary to this book Since 2001, theWWRF WGs have received a constant flow of contributions Meetings have been uniqueopportunities for both industry and academia to harmonize their views on the arousedtopics Some of these topics have mobilized several contributors to write common whitepapers together This new Book of Visions is the up-to-date collection of those white papersand added complementary material Hundreds of researchers around the world from everysector of the information and communications industry have contributed and constructedthe Wireless World ahead of us, and this book summarizes their collective wisdom.The Forum has already played the initiator role in the establishment of the Wire-less World Initiative (WWI) [7], a European research project, as an initial step towardsthe basis of future standardization of the beyond 3G systems WWI involves some 100organizations under an umbrella of research activities of the order of 100 million euros.Many other smaller research co-operations have been influenced through interactionswith WWRF Right from the beginning the activities and participation in WWRF havebeen global, especially as the non-European members in WWRF have advanced similarcooperatives in other regions

The work of WWRF continues at an ever enlarging volume It is a unique processharmonizing views from both industry and academia Through the harmonization of theirviews the participants can join and focus their resources in research and consequentlyreduce risk for investments in future system development The WWRF membership isopen to all interested in research on and beyond 3G

1.1 Goals and Objectives – Shaping the Global Wireless Future

WWRF aims to develop a common global vision for future wireless to drive research andstandardization Major items on the road towards this aim are:

• influencing decision makers’ views of the wireless world;

• enabling powerful R&D collaborations;

• advancing wireless frontiers to serve our customers

The major objectives of the WWRF are:

• to develop and maintain a consistent vision of the Wireless World;

• to generate, identify and promote research areas and technical and society trends formobile and wireless systems towards the Wireless World;

• to identify and assess the potential of new technologies and trends for the less World;

Wire-• to contribute to the definition of international and national research programmes;

• to simplify future standardization processes by harmonization and dissemination of views;

• to inform a wider audience about research activities that are focused on the less World

Wire-The other objectives are:

• to contribute to the development of a common and comprehensive vision for the less World and to concentrate on the definition of research relevant to the future ofmobile and wireless communications, including pre-regulatory impact assessments;

Wire-• to invite worldwide participation and be open to all actors;

• to disseminate and communicate Wireless World concepts;

• to provide a platform for the presentation of research results

The WWRF supports the 3GPP, 3GPP2, European Telecommunications Standards tute (ETSI), Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), International TelecommunicationUnion (ITU), Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) Forum and otherrelevant bodies relating to commercial and standardization issues derived from the researchwork However, the WWRF is not a standardization body Liaison agreements are estab-lished with the UMTS Forum (January 2003), Mobile IT Forum (mITF) (May 2003),IEEE Communication Society (October 2003), SDR Forum (December 2004), and theNext-Generation Mobile Communications (NGMC) Forum (May 2005) [8].The WWRFhas also a non-formal liaison via individual WWRF steering board members Such orga-nizations are 3GPP, 3GPP2, CDMA Development Group (CDG), Defence AdvancedResearch Projects Agency DARPA, Future Forum of China, and the European Technol-ogy Platforms eMobility as well as Advanced Research and Development on EmbeddedIntelligent Systems (ARTEMIS) [9]

Insti-1.2 Structure of WWRF

The WWRF is open to all those sharing the same objectives There are three kinds ofmemberships The normal membership type is a full member Sponsor members payhigher membership fee and can be members of the Forum Steering Board Then thereare five founding members: Alcatel, Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Siemens In addition

to the founding members, the sponsor members in October 2005 were Bell Mobility,Eurescom, France Telecom, Huawei, IBM, Intel, LG Electronics, Lucent, NEC, NortelNetworks, Raytheon, Samsung, and Vodafone All members are represented in the General