Quy tắc đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động: 1.. thì lược bỏ O trong câu bị động.. Đối với 1 số động từ có 2 tân ngữ thì 1 trong 2 tân ngữ đều có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động;
Trang 1LESSON 1: TENSES IN ENGLISH
( Các thì trong tiếng Anh) TENSES IN ENGLISH (các thì trong tiếng Anh)
PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
thường gặp
Cach dùng & ví dụ
bare-VDo/Does+ S+ bare-V ?
- always, ofen,usually,frequentyly
sometimes=occasionally, rarely=seldom, once or tiwce
a week, never
*1 thói quen hiện
- ex: He usually (go) goes t o school in the
morning
* 1 sự thật hiển nhiên hay 1 chân lý-
- ex: The sun (rise) rises in the East.
at the moment, at the time,Verb!
(look!, listen!,
be quiet)
at present = now
* 1 sự việc đang tiếp diễn ở hiện tại
- It (rain) is raining now.
- Lan (eat) is eating at preent
- Listen! She (sing) is singing
S + have/has +NOT+
V3/V-edHave/Has + S + V3/V-ed?
for + khoảng tgian
since + điểmtgian
never, ever, just = recently
= lately, so far
= up to now =
up to the present= untilnow,already,
* 1 sự việc xảy ra trong QK không có thời gian xác định rõ
ex: She (vísit) has visited Ha Long Bay several
times
* 1 sự việc xảy ra ở QK còn tiếp diễn ở hiện tại, dùng “for” hoặc “since”
- We (learn) have learnt English for 7 years.
- My mother (be) has been sick sinse
yesterday
* 1 sự việc vừa mới xảy ea, dùng “just” hoặc “recently”
Trang 2yet,this is the first time , several times.
- Lan (just buy) has just bought a new shirt.
S+have/
has+NOT+been+V-ingHave/Has + S + been + V-ing?
for + khoảng tgian
since + điểmtgian
so far = up to now = up to the present=
until now
* Giống thì hiện tại hoàn thành nhưng nhấn mạnh 1 sự việc bắt đầu trong QK kéo dài đến hiện tại và còn tiếp tục ở tương lai
- She (wait) has been waiting to see you since 2 o’ clock
- He (work) has been working in this factory for
year ), ago,
in + year(in 2000 )
* 1 sự việc xảy ra và chấm dứt trong QK có thời gian xác định rõ
- She (meet) met him yesterday.
- Mr Pike (stay) stayed here last night
* 1 thói quen ở QK và chấm dứt ở hiện tại (= used to + bare -V)
ex: He (go) went/ used to go fishing with his
father when he a children
S + was/ were + V-ing
S + was/ were + NOT + V-ing
Was/ were + S + ing?
V-At the time, atthe moment,
at present, at
5 P.m/ at 5 o’clock + Thờigian Quá Khứ
* 1 sự việc xảy ra ở 1 thời điểm cụ thể vớithời gian xác định rõ trong QK
- At this time last night, she (study) was studying lessons at home.
* 2 sự việc xảy ra cùng 1 lúc và kéo dài tạimột thời điểm trong QKhứ
- My mother (cook) was cooking while my father (watch) was watching TV.
* 2 sự việc cùng xảy ra teong QK, trong 1 SV dang tiếp diễn (dùng thì QK tiếp diễn) và 1
Sv khác đột ngột xảy ra (QK đơn)
-When he ( drive) was driving, he (see) saw a
serious accident
Trang 3Các từ thương dùng:
before, after, by,
*Diễn tả 1 hành động hoàn tất trước tgzin hoặc hành đọng khác trong QK
- Before 1975, he (work) had worked in that
factory
- When I (come) come, he (leave) had left
- After he (graduate) had graduated, he (go) went abroad.
V-S + had + NOT + been+ V-ing
Had + S + been + ing?
V-Các từ thương dùng:
before, after, by,
* Diễn tả 1 hành đọng xảy ra và kéo dài trong quá khứ cho đén khi có hành độnh quá khứ thứ 2 khác xảy ra ( hành động này
dùng thì quá khứ đơn) và thời gian kéo dài thường nêu rõ trong câu
- They (play) had been playing card for 2 hours
Will/Shall + S + V?
bare-Tomorrow, next (next week/ month/
year ), someday,
*diễn tả 1 hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai
- Tomorrow he (visit ) will viisit me.
- She (stay) will stay at next Monday.
Trang 4PHẦN B : BÀI TẬP
Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each sentence:
I will see him when he here tomorrow
a comes b will come c has come d had comeThe boys broke a window when they football
What to you yesterday?
a happened b did happen c had happen d was happening
It was the most exciting film I
ever seen
He said that he his work since 7 o’clock
I about him when suddenly he came in
a talk b talked c am talking d was talking
Please don’t touch anything before
c the police come d the police would come
“When ?” - In 1928
a penicillin was discovered b was penicillin discovered
b did penicillin discovered d did penicillin discover
They have been in love with each other they were young
a while b until c for d since
Do you know what there yesterday?
a she is doing b was doing c did she do d she did
At present, that author a historical novel
a is writing b was writing c has written d had written
By next month, I my first novel
a will finish b am going to finish
I the money from him yet
a haven’t received b don’t receive c will receive d am receivingDon’t make noise My mother with her friend
a is talking b was talking c talks d talked
the teacher gave me a passing grade
No sooner the office than the phone rang
left
17 How many times there so far? A few times
a have you been b would you be c were you d had you been
18 It’s at least a month since Tom
d I last saw
Trang 519 Up to then, I such a big fire.
a have never seen b had never seen c never seen d.never see
20 I her since I a student
a know/ am b knew/ was c have known/ am d have known/ was
21 They for 3 hours when the storm suddenly broke
a had been running b have been running c are running d will be running
22 I assumed you paying for the repairs until the end of last year
a have been b was been c are being d had been
23 .get tired of answering the same questions every day?
a Have you ever b Had you ever c Do you ever d Are you ever
24 She working on that manuscript for 2 year now
a will be b has been c had been d.is
25 I there once a long time ago and back since
a went/have not been b go/am not c have gone/was d was going/had not been
26 She trying to pass her driving test but fails every time
a kept b is keeping c.did want d keeps
27 I complete silence now while I try this experiment
a am wanting b want c had wanted d have
wanted
28.The students by Mrs.Monty However, this week they by
Mr.Tanzer
a are usually taught/are being taught
b usually teach/are teaching
c have usually been taught/have been teaching
d were usually teaching /are teaching
29 No matter what happens next I help you
a am b have c will d.would
30 In the last hundred years, traveling much easier and more
comfortable
a becomes b has become c became d will
become
31 In the 19th century, it two or three months to cross North
America by covered wagon
a took b had taken c had taken d.was taking
32 In the past the trip very rough and often dangeruos, but
things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years
a was/have changed b is/change c had been/will changed.hasbeen/changed
33 Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours
a are flying b would fly c will fly d can fly
34 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television
Trang 6a was calling/watched b called/have watched
c called/was watching d had called/watched
35.By this time next summer, you your studies
a.completes b.will complete c.are completing d will have completed
36 Right now, Jim the newspaper and kathy dinner
a reads/has cooked b is reading/is cooking
c.has read/was cooking d read/will be cooking
37 Last night at this time, they the same thing She and
b was arriving/has discovered/was preparing
c have arrived/was discovering/had prepared
d arrived/discovered/was preparing
39.The sun late in winter
a is rising always b rises always c is always rising d always rises
40 While I Tv last night, a mouse ran across the floor
am watching
41.This is the most intersting novel
I’ve ever read
42 When it began to rain, they in the yard
played
43.I haven’t seen you
a since a long time b for ages c ages d for long existence
44 It every day so far this week
a rained b has rained c rains d is raining
45 I any letter from him yet
a haven’t received b will receive c don’t receive d didn’t receive
46 We to Dalat several times It’s a foggy city
a were b have been c were being d had been
47 Be careful! The bus near
a will come b will be coming c is coming d has come
48.I haven’t met him since he school
a left b was leaving c had left d was left
49 My uncle on this farm since he was 20
Trang 7a has worked b have worked c worked d was working
50 It me 15 minutes to go to school every morning
a takes b has taken c is takening d took
51 When I woke up this morning, it
a rained b was raining c has rained d is raining
52 He London 2 years ago and I him since then
a left/ hadn’t seen b left/ haven’t seen
c was living/ haven’t seen d left/ didn’t seen
53 By the time Tom got back,Peter
a have gone b went c will go d had gone
5 The past
PP
Trang 87 The simple future S + will/ shall + bare-V S + will/ shall + be + PP
8 The near future S+ am/ is/ are going to+
9 The Modal verbs S + can/could/may +
III Quy tắc đổi từ câu chủ động sang câu bị động:
1 Xác định S, V, O của câu chủ động
2 Hoán đổi SvàO(S của chủ động làm O của bị đông, O của chủ
động làm S của bị động)
3 Chuyển V từ dạng chủ động sang dạng bị động
4 Thêm giới từ “by” trước O của câu bị động
IV Cấu trúc : Chủ động : S V O
That cake has been made by my mother
2 Nam is asking me a lot of questions
S V O
I am being asked a lot of questions by Nam
VI Các trường hợp cần lưu ý:
1 S của câu chủ động là đại từ nhân xưng( he, she, you, they, we ) và cá từ như: someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, everyone,
everybody, thì lược bỏ O trong câu bị động.
Ex: Someone has sent me the flowers
I have been sent the flowers
She must do all homework before going to bed
All homework must be done before going to bed
2 Trạng ngữ chỉ nơi chốn đặt trước “by + O bị động”.
Ex: The police found him in the foresst
He was found in the forest by the police
3 Trạng ngữ chỉ thời gian đặt sau “by + O bị động”.
Ex: Mr Brown bought the house last week
The house was bought by Mr Brown last week
4 Trạng ngữ chỉ thể cách đứng giữa “BE + PP”.
Ex: The boss has treated them badly
They have been badly treated by the boss
5 Đối với 1 số động từ có 2 tân ngữ thì 1 trong 2 tân ngữ đều có thể dùng làm chủ ngữ trong câu bị động; tuy nhiên tân ngữ chỉ
người thường được sử dụng nhiều hơn.
Ex: He sent me a postcard
I was sent a postcard
A postcard was sent to me
V Một số dạng câu biû động đặc biệt:
Trang 91 Causitive form: ( Thể nhờ bảo): “Have” hoặc “Get”.
a Have
* chủ động : S + have + O.1(person) + bare -V + O.2 ( thing)
* bị động : S + have + O.2 (thing) + past participle
Ex: I had him repair the roof yesterday
I had the roof repaired yesterday
b Get
* chủ động : S + get + O.1(person) + to- inf + O.2 ( thing)
* bị động : S + get + O.2 (thing) + past participle
Ex: I will get her to cut my hair
I will get my hair cut
2 Verbs of Opinion: Say, think, believe, know, report, declare
Có 2 dạng bị động:
* chủ động: S1 + V of pinion + (that) + clause (S2+V + O)
* bị động : It + be + V of opinion ( PP) + (that) + clause.
Hoặc: S2 + be + V of opinion (PP) + to-inf
Ex: - They said that John is the brightest student in class
It is said that John is the brightest student in class
- John is said to be the brightest student in class
- They knew that Mary won the competition
It was known that Mary had won the competition
Mary was known to have won the competition
3 Verbs of perception ( Động từ chỉ giác quan): see, watch,
hear,
* chủ động : S + V + O + bare - inf / V-ing
* bị động : S + Be + V (PP) + to-inf/ V-ing
Ex: - People saw him steal your car
He was seen to steal your car
- The teacher is watching them work
They are being watched working by the teacher
PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP
I Choose the best answer:
1.“ Those eggs of different colors are very artistic.” “Yes, they in Russia”
a.were painted b were paint c were painting d painted
2 “David is in prison for smoking drugs” “He that it was against the law.”
is telling b was told c told d tells
3 “The maintenance people didn’t remove the chairs from ballroom” “ Don’tthe worry They them before the dance begins”
a will have been moved b will have moved
4 Gold in California in the 19th century
a was discovered b has been discovered
5 that military spending is extremely high
a.We are felt b It feels c It is felt d We feel that it is
Trang 106 They time and money doing such a thing.
a.were advised not to waste b were advised not to be wasted
c were advising not to waste d were advising not to be wasted
7 These students so much that they feel very tired and bored
a.are made to study b are made study
c.are making to study d are made to be studied
8 I in the lounge for ten minutes
a.was told waiting b was told to wait
c.was telling to be waited d was told to be waited
9 The students to be at school at 8 am
a tell b told c have told d were told
10 Our children to school by bus every morning
a.take b are taken c have taken d are taking
11 Bicycles in the driveway
a must not leave b must not be leaving
c must not be left d must not have left
12 Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend
a is going to be performed b has been performed
c.will be performing d will have performed
13Reagan an actor years ago
a is said to be b was said being c was said have been d is said
to have been
14 I hate personal questions by nearly acquainted friends
a to be asking b to be asked c being asking d of asking
15 It that learning a foreign language a lot of time
a says/ is take b is saying / has been taken
c is said/ takes d was said/ was taken
16.All bottles before transportation
a frozen b were froze c were frozen d are froze
17 yet?
a Have the letters been typed b Have been the letters typed
c Have the letters typed d Had the letters typed
18 English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria orSingapore where for administration, broadcasting and education
a is used b it is used c used d being used
19 The telephone by Alexander Graham Bell
a is invented b is inventing c invented d was
invented
20 Lots of houses by the earthquake
a are destroying b destroyed c were destroyed d were destroying
21 In the Us the first stage of compulsory education as elementary education
a to be generally known b is generally known
c generally known d is generally knowing
Trang 1122 .Education to be the most important element to develop a country.
a.often be considered b can be often considered
c can often considered d can often be considered
23 The preparations by the time the guests
a.had been finished / arrived b have finished
c had finished / were arriving d had been finished / were arrived
24 students required to wear uniforms at all times?
a Are b Do c Did d Will
26 What he has done to me
a.cannot forgive b cannot be forgive c cannot forgive d cannot
be forgiving
27 The keys somewhere
a.must have been leaving b must have left
c.must be leaving d must have been left
28 Japanese at the meeting
a.will speak b will spoken c will be spoken d will be
speaking
29 Although he tried his best, he could not make his voice
a hear b to hear c hearing d heard
30 .in that company?
Do shoes make b Are shoes be made
c Shoes are made d Are shoes made
31 Portuguese as an official language in this city for age
a.has been spoken b has been spoken
c.has spoken d had spoken
32 More than ten victims missing in the storm last week
a.are reported to be b are reported to have been
c.are reporting to have been d are reporting to be
33 by your father?
a.Did that book write b Did that book written
c.Was that book written d Was that book be writing
34 Something immediately to prevent teenagers from in factories and mines
a.should be done/ being exploited b we should do/ exploiting
c should do / be exploited d should have done / exploited
35 This car
a.was manufactured in Japan by Toyota last year
b.was manufactured by Toyota last year in Japan
c.was manufactured last year in Japan by Toyota
d.last year was manufactured by Toyota in Japan
Trang 1237 No longer in our office since it
a.have typewriters been used / computerized
b.typewriters have been used / was computerized
c.have typewriters been used / was computerized
d.typewriters have been used / computerized
38 When ?
a.were computers used first b were computers first used c.did computers first use d are computers first using
39 That machine is useless It not been used for a long time
a.is b was c did d has
40 Everything that remained a secret
a.overheard b had been overheard
c.had overheard d was overhearing
41 The refreshments by Karen
a.are going to be prepared b are going to prepare
c are preparing d are to prepare
42 .by the police
a.The stealing car has just been found b The stolen car has just been found
b.The stealing car has just found d The stolen car has just found
43 It it is parents responsibility to take good care of their children
a commonly says that b commonly to be said that
c is commonly said that d is commonly saying
44 John a respectful and obedient student
a said to be b is said c is said being d is said to be
II Choose the best answer:
45 People have discovered a new source of energy
A new source of energy has discovered
A new source of energy was discovered
A new source of energy have been discovered
A new source of energy has been discovered
46 People say that he was born in London
That is said he was born in London
It was said that he was born in London
He was said to be born in London
He is said to have been born in London
47 We have no seats left for the concert next Sunday
All the seats for the concert next Sunday have been booked
All the seats were sold for the concert next Sunday
Trang 13The concert next Sunday had no seats for us.
No seats left for us for the concert next Sunday
48.People say Chinese food is the best in the world
Chinese food is said to be the best in the world
I agree that Chinese food is the best in the world
Chinese food is eaten all over the world
No food in the world is eaten as much as Chinese food
49 The storm blew a lot of trees down last night
A lot of trees were blown down last night by the storm
A lot of trees were cut down last night
The storm could have blown a lot of trees down
The storm was strong enough to blow down old trees
(CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN)
PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
I Câu điều kiện loại 1 : Diễn tả 1 giả thiết có thể xảy ra ở hiện
tại hoặc tương lai
1 Form:
present(bare -V/ Vs-
es)
Simple future( will/ shall/ can/ may + bare-V)
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
2 Lưu ý:
a Mệnh đề chính có thể sử dụng động từ ở dạng mệnh lệnh.Ex: If you see toom, give him this book, please
Trang 14b Mệnh đề chính ở thì Hiện tại đơn nếu câu điều kiện diễn tả 1 chân lý, 1 sự việc có thật.
Ex: If water is at 100 degree celcious, it boils
If you are right, I am wrong
II Câu điều kiện loại 2: Diễn tả 1 giả thiết trái với thực tế hiện tại.
might + bare -V)
If I had a lot money, I would travel around
the world
III Câu điều kiện loại 3: Diễn tả 1 giả thiết trái với thực tế quá khứ.
(had + past
participle)
Perfect conditional( would/ shouldl/could/
might + have + past participle)
If the weather had been nice yesterday,
I would have gone
the beach
IV Các trường hợp cần lưu ý:
1.Có thể lược bỏ IF nếu để trợ động từ đúng trước chủ ngữ
Ex: If I were rich = Were I rich
If I had known = Had I known
2 Unless = If not
Ex: These plants will die unless you water them regularly
= These plants will be die if you don’t water them regularly
3 Ngoài IF, câu điều kiện còn bắt đầu bằng những từ nối khác như:
- Provided (that); On condition (that); As long as; So long as ( miễn là, với điều kiện là, )
- Suppose, supposing (giả sử)
- In case ( trong trường hợp, phòng khi, nhỡ mà, )
- Even if ( dù là, cho là )
Ex: I’ll accept the job provided the salary is satisfactory.
In case I forget, please remind me of my promise.
Supposing you won a lot of money, what would you do?
Even if we had been invited, we could not have come because we were
very busy
PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP
I.Find one choice that best completes the sentences:
1 I am flying to the States tonight.I you a ring if I can find a
phone
a will give b would give c could give d have given
2 We’ll need more staff we start the new project
a unless b whether c in case d or
3 If I 10 years younger, I the job
a am/ will take b was/ have taken
Trang 15c had been / will have taken d were / would take
4 I had learnt English when I was at high school
a Unless b Even if c If d If only
5 You are not allowed to use the club’s facilities you are a
member
a unless b if c provided d supposed
6 If she the train last night , she here now
a took / were b were taking / is
c had taken / would have been d had taken / would be
7 if a war happened?
a What you would do b What would you do
c What will you do d What you will do
8 I would send her a fax if I her namber
a know b knew c had known d could know
9 it were well paid , I would accept this proposal
a Providing b Unless c But for d If only
10 more carefully , he would not have had the accident yesterday
a If Peter driven b If had Peter driven
c Had Peter driven d Unless Peter had driven
11 If you to my advice , you in trouble now
a listened / were not b listen / are not
c had listened / would not have been d had listened / would not be
12 If you take the 8 a.m flight to New York, you change planes
a could not have to b will not have to
c had not had to d would not to have to
13 If it warm yesterday , we would have gone to the beach
a was b were c had been d could be
14 If it an hour ago , the streets wet now
a were raining / will be b had rained / would be
c rained / would be d had rained / would have be
15 here , he would helped us with there troubles
a Were Peter b If were Peter c Unless were Peter d Unless Peter were
16 that problem with the car , we wouldn’t have missed the speech
a If we had had b If had we had
c Unless we had had d Provided that we had had
17 If I were a little taller , I be able to water tha plant on the top shelf
a did b would c had d would have
18 If you hear from Susan today , her to ring me
a tell b to tell c telling d will tell
19 She had to have the operation
a unless she would dies b if she would die
c otherwise she will die d or she would die
20 If the traffic bad , I may get home late
a is b were c was d had been
Trang 1621 If it last night , it so hot today.
a rained / is not b was raining / were not
c had rained / would not have been d had rained / would not be
22 Without your recommendation , we any success last year
a had not got b did not get c will not have got d would not have got
23 he gets here soon , we will have to start the meeting without him
a Suppose b Provided c Unless d If
24 as much money as Bill Gates of Microsoft , I would retire
a Did I have b If did I have c Unless I had d If Ihad had
25 If I it was a formal party, I wouldn’t have gone wearing jeans and a jumper
a knew b had known c had been knowing d could know
26 Tom’s company will almost certainly lire him he improves his attitude
a unless b or c otherwise d if
27 If my client me her fax number , I to post a letter to her
a gave / will not have b will give / do not have
c had given / wouldn’t have had d had given / will not have had
28 I had brought my laptop to the meeting yesterday
a If b If only c Even if d As if
29 If I the lottery last week , I rich now
a had won / would be b had won / would have been
c won / would be d won / would have been
30 Carrie said she will join the company if the starting salary her expectations
a meets b met c has met d hadmet
31 If I was you, I that
a would apply for b will ask for c will have change d can take
32 If I a wish, I’d wish for happiness for my family
33 If we had had time, we to the party
a can go b will go c would have gone d will have gone
34 We couldn’t understand the teacher if he too fast
a spoke b has spoken c doesn’t speak d didn’t speak
35 If everything is all right, we our work on time
will complete
Trang 1736 What if the eart suddenly stopped going around the sun.
happened
37 Unless you quiet, I’ll scream
38 You’ll be able to speak English well if you hard
a study b studied c would study d had studied
39 If I you, I invitation
a am/ will refuse b was/ would refuse c were/ would refuse d had been/ will refuse
40 ., I’d have told you the answer
a If you asked me b Had youy asked me
c You had asked me d Unless you asked me
II Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one.
41 If we had lost the map, we would never have found our way
a We will have found our way unless we lost the map
b We found our way because we didn’t lose the map
c We would have lost our way if we had lost the map
d If we lost the map, we didn’t find our way
42 He didn’t hurry so he missed the plane
a If he hurried, he wouldn’t miss the train
b If he had hurried, he might catch the plane
c If he had hurried, he could have caught the plane
d He didn’t miss the plane because he hurried
43 If I were taller, I could reach the shelf
a I am not tall enough to reach the top shelf
b I am too tall to reach the top shelf
c I cannot reach the top shelf beacause I am very tall
d In spite of being tall, I cannot reach the top shelf
44 I will agree to these conditions provided that they increase my salary
a They did not increase my salary so I quit the job
b I will only agree these conditions if they give me more money
c They give me more money or I will only agree these conditions
d Unless they give me more money, I will only agree these conditions
45 If only I had studied hard enough to pass the final exam
a I regret not studying hard enough to pass the exam
b I had studied hard enough and I passed the fi9anl exam
c I studied too hard to pass the fianla exam
d I studied hard otherwise I would fail the fianal exam
46 John speaks Chinese fluently because he used to live in China for ten years
a Suppose John has lived in China for ten years , he can speak
Chinese fluently
b Provided that John lived in China for ten years , he could speak Chinese fluently
Trang 18c Unless John had lived in China for ten years , he could not have
spoken Chinese fluently
d John could not speak Chinese fluently if he had not lived in China for ten years
III.Choose the underlined part among A, B, C or D that needs
Có 3 loại câu ao ước
I Ao ước hiện tại: S + WISH + CLAUSE ( s + v2/ v-ed)
II Ao ước tương lai: S + WISH + CLAUSE ( s + would + bare - V) III Ao ước quá khứ: S + WISH + CLAUSE ( s + had + past
participle)
PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP
1.We wish we a large house but we can’t afford it now
2 My friend won’t lend me his car I wish
c he would lend me his car d he will lend me his car
3.My mother is not free today I wish
c my mother would be free today d my mother were free today
4 I’m sorry I haven’t got any money on me I wish
5 I’m fraid our team will lose the game today I
part in the game
c my friends would take part in the game d my friends did take part
in the game
Trang 197 It wasn’t fine yesterday I wish
8 I wish I more time now to help you with your lesson
9 I wish I psychology when I was a college student
10 I wish someone to help me with that work
tomorrow
11 If only I play the guitar as well as you!
12 When I saw Tom, he looked he had been ill
13 I wish I my letter of application earlier
14 If only he me a chance , I could have told him the truth
a gave b has given c could give d had given
15 I wish you so much noise I’m trying to work
17 Mrs White always talks to her baby as though he an adult
18 When he came out of the room, he looked he had seen
a ghost
( CÂU TƯỜNG THẬT/ CÂU GIÁN TIẾP) PHẦN A: LÝ THUYẾT
Trang 20- Khi chuyển câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp, ta phải thay đỏi thì, đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ sở hữu, trạng từ nơi
chốn, thời gian, tính từ chỉ định.
Direct speech Reported speech Direct speech Reported speech
- this
- these
- that
- those
I Câu mệnh lệnh gián tiếp: ( Indirect command) Thường được
mở đầu bằng những động từ như: tell, ask, request, order, command và thể Imparative đổi thành To - infinitive
Form: S + V (told, asked, ) + O + TO - INFINITIVE
Ex: 1.He said to us, “ Do your homework carefully”.
- He told us to do our homework carefully
2 She said to me “ Please help me with this work”
- She told me to help her with that work
3 He said, “ Don’t leave the room”
- He ordered them not to leave the room
II Câu phát biểu gián tiếp: ( Indirect statement): thường được
mở đầu bằng những động từ như : SAY, TELL
Form: S + SAID + (THAT) + S + V (Lùi thì)
TOLD + O Ex: 1 She said, “ I am a student”
- she said that she was a student
2 Nam said to her mother, “ I met my old friends on the way to school this morning”
- Nam told his mother that he had met his old friends on the way to school that morning
* Chú ý : Khi đổi từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp ta không đổi
thì ở mệnh đề nguyên văn trong các trường hợp sau dù mệnh đề chính ở thì quá khứ
1.Động từ trong mệnh đề nguyên văn có thời gian xác định rõ là năm
Trang 21Ex: She said “ I was born in 1980”
She said that she was born in 1980
2 Câu nguyên văn diễn tả 1 chân lý
Ex: He said , “ The sun rises in the east”
He said (that) the sun rises in theeast
3 Câu nguyên văn có Could, would, should, might, used to, ought to,
ưould rather, had better,
Ex: Tom said to me : “ You had better go to the dentist”
Tom told me that I had better go to the dentist.
4 Câu điều kiện loại 2, loại 3.
Ex: He said: If I were you, I wouldn’t do that
He said that if he were me, he wouldn’t do that
5 Câu ao ước trái với thực tế hiện tại.
Ex: She said : “I wish I were a movie star
She said that she wished she were a movie star
III Câu hỏi gián tiếp: ( Indirect questions)
1 Yes - No question: ( câu hỏi trả lời bằng “yes/ no”) Thương
được mở đầu bằng các động từ như : ask, inquire, wonder, wanted
to know, và theo sau các động từ này là “if hoặc whether”
Form: S + asked + (O) + IF/ WHETHER + S + V( lùi thì, đảo ngữ)
wanted to know
wondered
Ex: - “ Have you read this novel?
He asked me if I had read that novel
- “ Did you watch the film on TV last night, Tom?”
He asked if Tom had watched the film on TV the night before.
2 WH - questions: ( câu hỏi bắt đầu bằng từ hỏi “WH-)
Thường đựoc mở đầu bằng các động từ như : ask, inquire, wonder, wanted to know, và theo sau các động từ này là các từ hỏi như: when, where, where, how,
Form: S + asked + (O) + What/ when/ why , + S + V( lùi thì, đảo ngữ)
wanted to know
wondered
Ex: - He said to me “ Who did you go to the cinema with?”
He asked me who I had gone to the cinema with
- “ what time does the film begin?”
He wanted to know What time the film began
* Chú ý :Trường hợp câu nguyên văn có cả câu phat biểu và câu hỏi
thì khi đổi sang câu gián tiếp loại câu nào đổi theo loại câu đó
Ex: “I have left my watch at home Can you tell me the time?”
- He said that he had left his watch at home and asked me if I could tellhim the time
Trang 22IV Câu cảm thán gián tiếp ( Indirect exclaminations) :Thường
đựoc mở đầu bằng các động từ Exclaim
Ex: - “ What a beautiful girl she is!”
He exclaimed what a beautiful she was
PHẦN B: BÀI TẬP
I I.Find one choice that best completes the sentences:
1.John asked me in English
2 The mother told her son impolitely
a not behave b not to behave c not behaving d did not
behave
3 She said she collect it for me after work
a would b did c must d had
4 I have ever told you he unreliable
a is b were c.had been d would be
5 Laura said she had worked on the assignment since
a yesterday b two days ago c the day before d the next day
6 John asked me interested in any kind of sports
a if I were b if were I c if was I d if I was
7 John asked me that film the night before
a that I saw b had I seen c if I had seen d if had I seen
8 Peter said that he had lived in London 4 years
a ago b before c later d then
9 The guest told the host that
a I must go now b he must go now
c he had to go now d he had to go then
10 The teacher told Joe
a to stop talking b stop talking
c stops talking d stopped talking
11 She said she
a was very tired last night b was very tired the night before
c had been very tired last night d had been tired the night before
12 Emily said that her teacher to London
a will go/ tomorrow b went/ tomorrow
c would go/ the next day d had gone/ the next day
13 She told the boys on the grass
a do not play b did not play c not playing d not to play
14 She asked
a where was her umbrella b where her umbrella was
c where were her umbrella d where her umbrella were
14 Jason asked me me the book the day before
a if who gave b if who has given c who had given d that who had given
15 Robert said that his father to Dallas the year before
a.goes b went c has gone d had gone
Trang 2316.He wanted to know shopping the previous morning.
a if we had been going b that if we had been going
c we were going d that we were going
13 He asked me Robert and I said I did not know
a.that did I know/who were Robert b that I knew/who Robert were
c if I knew/who Robert was d whether I knew/who was Robert
14 The mother asked her son
a where he has been b.where he had been
c where has he been d where had he been
15 Martin asked me
a how is my father b how my father is
c how was my father
16 The host asked Peter tea or coffee d how my father was
a whether he preferred b that he preferred
c did he prefer d if he prefers
17.She asked me my holidays
a.where I spent/the previous year b where I had spent/the
19 John often says he boxing because it a cruel sport
a does not like/is b did not like/were
c not liked/had been d.had not liked/was
20 Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer
a.before b ago c.last d previous
21 He asked him some money
a her to lend b she to lend c she has lent d.she lends
22 Andrew told me that they fish two days
a have not eaten/ago b had not eaten/previous
c did not eat/before d.would not eat/last
23 Jason told me that he his best in the exam the day
a had done/fllowing b will do/previous
c would do/following d was going/previous
24 She told him
a patient b to be patient c was patient d that being
patient
25 Daniel asked me if I thought
a it will rain today b it will rain that day
c it would rain today d it would rain that day
26 Barbra asked me the homework that week
a that she must do b if she has to do
c if she had to do d if did she have to do
27 Robert wanted to know if I was leaving the Friday
Trang 24a following b ago c previous d before
28 Jennifer asked me the week before
a where had I gone b where I had gone
c where did I gone d I had gone where
II Choose the correct sentence among A, B, C or D which has the same meaning as the given one.
29 “ You have not done your work well,” said the teacher to me
a The teacher told me I hadn’t done my work well
b The teacher told me I haven’t done work well
c The teacher told me I hadn’t done your work well
d The teacher told me I hadn’t done his work well
30 “This man spoke to me on the road,” said the woman
a The woman said that man had spoken to me on the road
b The woman said that man has spoken to her on the road
c The woman said that man spoke to her on the road
d The woman said that man had spoken to her on the road
31 “I can’t explain this rule to you,” said my classmate to me
a My classmate told me he/she can’t explain that rule to me
b My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me
c My classmate told me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to you
d My classmate said me he/she couldn’t explain that rule to me
32 The teacher said to class,”We shall discuss this subject tomorrow.”
a The teacher told the class they would discuss that subject the next day
b The teacher told the class they will discuss that subject the next day
c The teacher said the class they would discuss that subject the next day
d The teacher told the class they discuss that subject the next day
33 The woman said to her son,”I am glad I am here.”
a The woman told her son I was glad I was there
b The woman told her son she was glad I was there
c The woman told her son she was glad she was there
d The woman told to her son she was glad she was there
34 Mike said,”We have bought these books today.”
a Mike said they bought those books that day
b Mike said they had bought those books that day
c Mike said they have bought those books that day
d Mike said they had bought those books that day
35 Sarah said,”I read Jane Eyre last year.”
a Sarah said she had read Jane Eyre the previous year.
b Sareh said she read Jane Eyre the previous year.
c Sareh said she has read Jane Eyre the previous year.
d Sareh said she would read Jane Eyre the previous year.
36 She said that she participating in that event
a would be interesting in b would be interested in
c was going to d would be going to
37 “You damaged my bicycle, Tom!” said John
Trang 25a John accused to Tom for damaging his bicycle.
b John accused with Tom to have damaged his bicycle
c John accused Tom of damaging his bicycle
d John accused Tom to damage his bicycle
38 “Never borrow money from friends,”my father said
a My father said to me never borrow money from friends
b My father told me never to borrow money from friends
c My father advised me not borrow money from friends
d My father suggested me never borrowing money from friends
39 They asked Tom to repeat what he had said
a “Please repeat what you said,Tom “ they said
b “Tom, repeat what have you said,”they said
c “To repeat what you have said,”they said
d “What you said, you should repeat,” they asked Tom
40 “Why don’t you complain to the company, John?” said Peter
a Peter asked John why he doesn’t complain to the company
b Peter advised John complaining to the company
c Peter suggested John to complain to the company
d Peter suggested that John should complain to the company
41 “Don’t walk on the grass,” the gardener said to us
a The gardener said to us don’t walk on the grass
b The gardener told us not to walk on the grass
c The gardener suggested us not to walk on the grass
d The gardener advised us not walking on the grass
42 “How beautiful is the dress you have just bought!” Peter said to Mary
a Peter promised said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress
b Peter said thanks to Mary for her beautiful dress
c Peter complimented Mary on her beautiful dress
d Peter asked Mary how she had just bought her beautiful dress
43 “Hello, Mary!” Peter said
a Peter said hello Mary b Peter said Mary hello
c Peter told Mary hello d Peter greeted Mary
44 “Why don’t you ask the teacher for help?” Peter asked me
a Peter advised me to ask the teacher for help
b Peter recommended me not to ask the teacher for help
c Peter told me the reason why I did not ask the teacher for help
d Peter suggested that he should ask the teacher for help
45.The teacher advised us
a to be careful when doing these exercises
b.Be careful when doing these exercises
c.Careful when doing these exercises
d Are careful when doing these exercises
46.She told me
a.shut the door but don’t lock it
b.shut the door but not lock it
c.to shut the door but not lock it
d.to shut the door but not to lock it
Trang 2647 He told me
a think well before I answered
b think well before I answer
c to think well before I answered
d to think well before I will answer
48 “Don’t play video games all the time !” , he said
a He told the boy not to play video games all the time
b He said to the boy not play video games all the time
c He told to the boy not to play video games all the time
d He said the boy not play video games all the time
49 ”He said “I bought these books last week”
a He said he bought these books last week
b He said he had bought these books last week
c He said he had bought those books the week before
d He said he bought those books the week before
50 “Did they tell you when they left” she said to me
a She asked me if they told me when they left
b She asked me if they told me when they had left
c She asked me if they had told me when they left
d She asked me if they had told me when they had left
51 “Be careful ! The water is hot” she shouted
a She said to be careful because the water is hot
b She asked me to be careful because the water was hot
c She told me to be careful because the water is hot
d She should be careful because the water was hot
52 The teacher ordered not to make so much noise
a The teacher said us “ Not make so much noise”
b The teacher told us “ Didn’t make so much noise”
c The teacher ordered us “Not to make so much noise”
d The teacher said to us “ Don’t make so much noise”
53 She asked me if it would rain that night
a She asked “ would it rain that night.”
b She said “ It would rain that night”
c She asked “ Will it rain tonight.”
d She said to me “ It will rain night.”
54 He asked me where I was going on my vacation that year
a He asked me “Where I was going on my vacation that year?”
b He asked me “Where was I going on my vacation that year?”
c He asked me “Where you are going on your vacation that year?”
d He saked me “Where are you going on your vacation this year?”
55 Peter said if he were me he would stop smoking
a I wanted Peter to stop smoking and he promised to do
b Peter provided to stop smoking
c Peter said he would stop smoking as I wanted him to
d Peter advided me to stop smoking