Natural english binder extra tests

This is a useful guide for practice full problems of english, you can easy to learn and understand all of issues of related english full problems. The more you study, the more you like it for sure because if its values.

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LANGUAGE REFERENCE (1-4) REVIEW EXERCISES (3-4) NEW WORDS BOOSTERS TAPESCRIPTS (1-4) WORD BOXES (3-4) WORD POLICE (3-4) READING (3-4) WORDLISTS (1-4) SAMPLE PAGES natural English online-interactive natural English - description - Purchase the books

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language reference (1-4)

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language reference

one

be positive and negative

You is singular (1) or plural (2, 3, 4, etc).

You use contractions when you speak English.

I am a teacher I’m a teacher I’m not a teacher.

You are in room 10 You’re in room 10 You aren’t (are not) in room 10.*

She is thirty She’s thirty She isn’t (is not) thirty.*

We are students We’re students We aren’t students.

They are from Italy They’re from Italy They aren’t from Italy.

* These contractions are possible:

They aren’t from Italy / They’re not from Italy.

He isn’t English / He’s not English.

go to exercises 1.1 and 1.2

indefinite article a / an

Use a/@/before a consonant (b, d, s, etc.) sound

Use an/@n/before a vowel (a, e, i, o, u) sound.

go to exercise 1.3

questions with be

The verb goes before the subject (I, you, he, etc.).

Am I in this class? Yes, I am (NOT I’m) No, I’m not

Is he / she a teacher? Yes, he / she / it is No, he / she / it isn’t

Is it difficult?

Are we in this room? Yes, we are No, we aren’t

Are they English? Yes, they are No, they aren’t

Don’t use contractions in short answers in the positive form

NOT Yes, I’m / Yes, she’s

language reference

cover & check exercises

1.1 Complete the sentences

Use contractions.

example He from Italy (+).

They aren’t French (–)

1.2 Write the contraction in another way.

example We’re not teachers.

We aren’t teachers.

1 He’s not married.

2 They aren’t here today.

3 It isn’t English.

4 We aren’t doctors.

5 She’s not single.

1.3 Circle the correct answer

example She’sa / an American student.

1 She isn’t a / an housewife.

2 I’m a / an engineer.

3 It’s a / an big book

4 He’s a / an actor.

5 Is he a / an good accountant?

1.4 Order the words to make questions.

Answer the questions.

example a / you / are / student?

Are you a student? Yes, I am.

1 business/ she/ a / student/ is?

2 are / from / England / they?

Yes,

4 this / you / in / are / class?

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language reference 131

2.1 Write ’s, ’ve, have, or has.

computer in her bedroom.

2.2 Look at the pictures Complete the

2.3 Write the plural form.

example briefcase briefcases

have got (= have)

You use have got to talk about possession.

I / You / We / They ’ve (have) got a car I / You / We / They haven’t got a car.

He / She / It’s (has) got a printer He / She / It hasn’t got a printer.

Have you / they got a camera? Yes, I / we / they have NOT Yes, I have got.

No, I / you / we / they haven’t.

Has he / she / it got a printer? Yes, he / she / it has.

No, he / she / it hasn’t.

singular and plural nouns

This person is from Thailand Who are these people?

NOT Those persons are

Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2006

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132 language reference

this, that, these, those

Is this your book? Are these your books?

possessive ’s

You use ’s for possession.

John’s book. NOT the book of John Is this Mr Turner’s car?

Remember, ’s has three uses:

1 possessive This is Jack’s magazine.

present simple (I / you / we / they)

To talk about things that are always true, or true for a long time:

I come from England They don’t live here.

To talk about things you often do / don’t do:

I often walk to school.

They don’t read a newspaper every day.

I / You / We / They live here. I / You / We / They don’t live in Spain.

(don’t = do not)

Do I / you / we / they speak English? Yes, I / you / we / they do.

Do I / you / we / they like pop music? No, I / you / we / they don’t.

go to exercises 3.1, 3.2, and 3.3

2.4 Circle the correct word

example Is this / these your pen?

1 That / Those is my pencil.

2 This / These is my travel card.

3 This / These books are very useful.

4 That / Those e-mails are for me.

5 That / Those piece of paper isn’t yours.

2.5 In each sentence, is ’s possessive, is, or

has?

example That teacher’s class is in room 1.

possessive

1 Where’s my travel card?

2 I think this is the doctor’s car.

3 My coursebook’s on the table.

4 Carol’s notebook isn’t here.

5 Carol’s got a French dictionary.

2.6 Write ’s where necessary.

example Where are Marco things?

1 What is that actor name?

2 Have you got Anna rubber?

3 I think the green car is David.

4 When is your mother birthday?

5 A Is that your pencil?

B No, it’s Mrs Taylor.

Is this your bag?

No, those busesThat bus?

No, these are

my bags

’s

three

3.1 Complete the sentences with a verb.

example I English at school.

3.2 Make questions from the sentences in

3.1.

example Do you study English at school?

3.3 Make the sentences in 3.1 negative.

example I don’t study English at school

study

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wh- questions

What do you want? Who are you?

Where do they live? Why is she here?

How do you get there? How far is it?

When do they start? How many students are in the class?

like + noun/ + -ing

After like and hate, you can use a noun or verb + -ing.

I hate football They don’t like cooking.

Do you like Chinese food? We hate shopping.

present simple (he / she / it)

(doesn’t = does not)

Does he / she speak English? Yes, he / she does.

Does it go to Oxford? No, it doesn’t.

He goes, She watches, It does +es

He has NOT he haves

3.4 Match the question words and answers.

example I work in a bank

Where do you work?

1 I leave the flat at 7.30.

2 It’s ten kilometres.

3 I play football because I like it.

4 I live in Budapest.

5 They get there by train.

3.6 Complete the sentences with an -ing form

from the box.

play study listen go live watch

example Do you like tennis?

2 I like to music in the car.

3.7 Change the sentences to she.

example I work on Saturday

She works on Saturday.

1 I never watch videos.

2 I do a lot of work in the mornings.

3 I study German.

4 I go there a lot.

5 I walk to work.

3.8 Complete the sentences with words from

the box Then make them negative.Germany wine fish tennis German books

example He reads books.

He doesn’t read books.

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present simple with frequency adverbs

Frequency adverbs (always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never)

tell us how often something happens They usually go:

after the verb be:

after auxiliary verbs:

I don’t usually see them He can never get to school early.

before full verbs:

She often sleeps in the afternoon I sometimes work at the weekend.

You can use some frequency adverbs at the beginning or the end of a

sentence.

Usually he meets me at the station I work at the weekend sometimes.

possessive adjectives (my, your, etc.)

Possessive adjectives are the same with a singular or plural noun.

Remember:

use his when a man has something use her when a woman has something

I often see Mr Collins and his dog I never see Maria and her brother.

go to exercise 4.2 (go to the workbook, unit 7, for more information and

exercises on possessive pronouns)

4.1 Order the words to make sentences.

example often / works / late / he

He often works late.

1 tired / is / always / she

2 home / eight / usually / at / I / leave

3 listens / hardly ever / she / music / to

4 don’t / Saturday / usually / they / work / on

5 never / home / before / I / six / get

4.2 Complete the sentences with a

possessive adjective.

example They never use car.

class.

number Do you know number?

3 Barbara often forgets books.

4 Do you know Michael and sister?

5 It’s a lovely dog, but I don’t know

10 Peter and Angela live over there.

their

four

Cover the grammar, then do the exercise Check the grammaragain to help you

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countable and uncountable nouns

countable nouns

Countable nouns [C] are singular or plural.

uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns [U] are usually only singular.

You can’t count bread, sugar, etc in English NOT one bread, two breads

NOT breads/ a bread

You can say:

a piece of bread / cake a cup of tea / coffee a glass of milk / juice

some / any

I’ve got I haven’t got Have you got

5.1 Complete the table with words from

the box.

orange apples coffee milk sausagescheese ham cornflakes apple butteregg toast rolls sandwich jam

[C] Singular [C] Plural [U] Uncountable

5.2 Write a / an or some.

example I’ve got bread.

orange?

5.3 Circle the correct word.

example I’ve got a / any student’s book.

1 Have you got a / any bread?

2 We haven’t got some / any pasta.

3 I usually have some / any toast for breakfast.

4 Has he got some / any brothers or sisters?

5 Do you want an / any apples?

6 I want some / any jam.

7 Would you like a / some ham sandwich?

8 I don’t eat some / any butter.

9 Do you read some / any newspapers

at the weekend?

10 I never buy a / any coffee.

some

five

natural English coffee / a coffee

Normally coffee / beer are uncountable In conversation, you can say

a coffee = a cup of coffee.

Have you got any coffee? = a packet of coffee

Would you like a coffee? = a cup of coffee

Can I have two beers, please? = two bottles or glasses of beer

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can / can’t + verb (possibility)

Can is the same in all forms: I / you / he / she can (go).

can = it’s possible can’t = it’s not possible

Remember you can use can for requests (see p.19):

Can I borrow your pen? Can you open the window, please?

You can/k@n/buy books here You can’t/kA;nt/buy bread here

Can/k@n/you buy wine there? Yes, you can./k&n/

No, you can’t./kA;nt/

past simple of be was / were

(wasn’t = was not; weren’t = were not)

past simple (1) regular and irregular verbs

Use the past simple for things that started and finished in the past.

I lived in Paris in 1998 (I don’t live there now.)

She went to the cinema yesterday.

5.4 Write can or can’t in the correct place.

example You buy books in a bar.

1 What you eat or drink here?

2 You help me, please?

3 They understand you because they don’t speak your language.

4 A She give you $100?

B No, she.

5 He work on Saturday because he always plays football, but he work

on Sunday.

6.1 Write was or were.

doesn’t work now.

this morning?

1990?

6.2 Put the words in the correct order.

1 wasn’t / Lucy / at / happy / very / school

2 late / class / we / for / this / morning / weren’t

3 the / but / was / the / weren’t / friendly / nice / waiters / food

4 film / interesting / wasn’t / the / very

5 in / weren’t / class / yesterday / why / you?

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7.1 Make the sentences negative.

example She lived in Japan

She didn’t live in Japan.

1 They took the bus home.

2 She got married last year.

3 He left home when he was eighteen.

4 I grew up in Switzerland.

5 I studied German at school.

7.2 Complete the questions with a verb.

dinner last night?

B Steak It was great.

B To Rimini – it was lovely.

B In September, at a party.

B No, I didn’t I did my homework.

B Three years I left in 2002.

B Because it was very dirty.

did you have

verbs ending in consonant -y change -y to -i, study / studied

most verbs ending in one vowel double the consonant stop / stopped

open, visit )

irregular verbs

Many verbs are irregular in the past

go to the irregular verb list on p.158

past simple (2) negative

negative form

I / You / He / She / It / We / They didn’t go last night NOT I didn’t went

didn’t stay there.

(didn’t = did not)

past simple (3) questions

questions

Did you / he / she / they go there? NOT Did you went there?

Why did you stay at that hotel?

short answers

Yes, I / you (etc.) did.

No, I / you (etc.) didn’t.

6.3 Write the sentences in the past.

1 I work in a bank.

2 They play basketball on Fridays.

3 My father lives in Rome.

he was young.

4 We study English at school.

5 She likes Michael’s brother.

6.4 Correct one error in each sentence.

went

example We go to the cinema last night.

1 I meet her brother last year.

2 He has eggs for breakfast this morning.

3 I think João was at home, but he wasn’t.

4 She gets up at 9.00 this morning, so she was late for work.

5 I see him at the party last week.

seven

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zero article

When you talk about people / things in general, you don’t normally use

the with plural nouns or uncountable nouns.

Teachers work long hours. NOT The teachers work long hours

= teachers in general

Mobile phones are very useful

object pronouns

Object pronouns replace nouns.

That’s John – do you know John him?

Do you like this picture? I bought the picture it at the market.

how much with singular uncountable nouns;

how many with plural countable nouns.

How much money have you got? How many pens have you got?

How much bread do you want? How many languages do you speak?

In the answers, you often use not much with uncountable nouns, and not

many with countable nouns.

How much money is there?

How many books do you need?

7.3 Make sentences using a word / phrase

from each column.

example

Shop assistants don’t get a lot of money Shop assistants go shopping at five.

Dictionaries are nice a lot of money.

People aren’t open for breakfast

7.4 Circle the correct answer.

example Did you see she / her

yesterday?

1 He told I / me the answer.

2 I saw he / him in the bank yesterday.

3 Our aunt took we / us to the cinema.

4 Did you ask she / her for the money?

5 Why did you give they / them your books?

8.1 Write How much? or How many?

example I’ve got some bread in the

house

1 She speaks a lot of different languages.

2 We used a lot of petrol.

3 We need some more water.

4 I’ve got some oranges.

5 Rachel spent the money.

6 I bought some tea.

7 We met some people.

8 He’s got quite a lot of pasta.

9 I sold the books.

10 She had some homework to do.

How much?

eight

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there is / are

You use there is and there are to say that something or someone exists

There’s a cinema near my house There are some shops in the village.

There’s a table in the kitchen There aren’t any dictionaries in the classroom.

You often use these structures before a / an, some and any.

singular countable There’s a table There isn’t a window Is there a key?

uncountable There’s some food There isn’t any bread Is there any

ham?

plural There are some There aren’t any Are there any

have to / don’t have to / do I have to ?

You use have to when something is necessary:

You have to go to school when you are a child

You use don’t have to when something is not necessary,:

You don’t have to do homework every evening (but you can if you want).

I / You / We / They have to go. I / You / We / They don’t have to go

Do I / you / we / they have to go? Yes, I / you / we / they do.

No, I / you / we / they don’t.

Does he / she / it have to go? Yes, he / she / it does.

No, he / she / it doesn’t.

can / can’t + verb (permission)

For form, see unit five on p.136.

You can use can / can’t + verb to say something is or isn’t permitted.

In most restaurants, you can drink wine = it’s OK, it’s permitted

In most schools, you can’t drink alcohol = it’s not OK, it’s not permitted

Compare:

You can go now = it’s OK to go

You can’t go now = it’s not OK, it’s not permitted

You have to go now = it’s necessary to go

You don’t have to go now = it’s not necessary, but you can go if you want to

Is there any Are there any Is there a

example food on the table.

9.1 Match rules a and b with examples 1 to 5.

a = it’s necessary b = it’s not necessary

1 You have to work late tomorrow.

2 They don’t have to study French, but they like it.

3 He doesn’t have to work; he’s got lots of money.

4 We have to study tonight – we’ve got a test tomorrow.

5 She doesn’t have to do any homework for her English class.

9.2 Complete the sentences about restaurants

with the correct form of have to.

9.3 Tick ✓ the correct sentences Correct the

other sentences.

examples We don’t have work tomorrow; it’s

Sunday ✗ Can we go out tonight? ✓

1 You have to listen to the teacher.

2 Can I to pay you tomorrow? I haven’t got any money.

3 You have to buy tea – we’ve got a lot.

4 He can go to the bank now – it’s shut.

5 She don’t have to work today.

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10.1 Write five sentences about things Boris

can and can’t do very well.

example 1 Boris can’t swim very well.

1 2 3 4 5

10.2 Change the sentences using anything.

example I spent nothing

I didn’t spend anything.

1 He did nothing.

2 We bought nothing.

3 I saw nothing.

4 She drank nothing.

5 He told her nothing.

10.3 Complete the questions and answers.

example Do they like it?

Yes, everyone likes it.

1 Do they know her?

2 Did you go out yesterday?

3 Do they have tickets?

4 Did they see the film?

5 Did you speak to her?

can / can’t (ability)

For form, see unit five on p.136.

You can use can / can’t + verb to talk about ability.

Can you use a computer? Can she play the piano?

Remember you can use can for requests (see unit two, p.19), for

possibility (see unit five, p.136), and for permission (see unit nine, p.139)

something, anything, nothing, etc.

These mean the same:

someone = somebody

no one = nobody

anyone = anybody

Remember:

He said nothing = He didn’t say anything

NOT He said anything or He didn’t say nothing

things Something happened Nothing happened Did anything happen?

natural English everyone

Everyone and everybody mean the same Notice the singular verb after

everyone (has, knows, etc.).

Everyone has a mobile now NOT all people have…

She knows everyone NOT she knows all people

I think everyone agreed with her.

Boris

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comparative adjectives

You use comparative adjectives with than /D@n/ to compare people / things.

Tom’s younger than Bill Hotels are more expensive than youth hostels.

Bill’s older than Tom Youth hostels are less* expensive than hotels.

* more is the opposite of less.

Remember: use than, not that with comparatives.

He’s taller that than me

One-syllable adjectives and some two-syllable adjectives:

adjective comparative notes

double the consonant + -er

Many two-syllable adjectives, e.g useful, polite and longer adjectives:

adjective comparative notes

tired more tired (than) -ed adjectives: use more

expensive more expensive

difficult more difficult

Irregular forms:

adjective comparative

superlative adjectives

You use superlatives to compare people / things with all of their group.

Use the with superlatives.

In my family, Uncle Jack’s the oldest person, and Davina’s the youngest.

Erica’s the most intelligent person, and my brother Don is the most practical.

adjective comparative superlative notes

cheap cheaper (than) the cheapest +est

safe safer (than) the safest +st short adjectives ending in 1 vowel

big bigger (than) the biggest short adjectives ending in 1 consonant:

double the consonant + -esteasy easier (than) the easiest ending in –y: change -y to -i +est

11.1 Correct the errors Be careful! Some

forms are correct.

example tired – tireder than more tired

than

bad – worse than ✓

1 small – smaller that

2 hot – hoter than

3 friendly – friendlyer than

4 fast – faster than

5 good – more good than

6 practical – more practical than

7 cheap – more cheap than

8 big – biger than

9 tall – more taller than

10 noisy – more noisy than

11.2 Write sentences using the key words.

example my car / fast / your car

My car’s faster than your car.

1 Jim / nice / David

2 Tokyo / expensive / Paris

3 Water / good for you / coffee

4 Africa / big / South America

5 In cities, flats / common / houses

Begin with the word in bold.

example book / in / the / exercise /

difficult / This / most / is / the

This is the most difficult exercise in the book.

1 in / shop / most / picture / bought / the / She / the/ expensive

2 of / the / I / part / city / in / cheapest / the / live

3 It / the / part / dangerous / the / town / most / is / of

4 shoes / shop / bought / in / most /

He / the / comfortable / the

5 Caroline / school / the / girl / in / our / most / beautiful / was

eleven

When you’ve finished

an exercise, say thesentences aloud

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Many two-syllable adjectives, e.g useful, polite, and longer adjectives:

tired more tired the most tired -ed adjectives: use the most

boring more boring the most boring -ing adjectives: use the most

expensive more expensive the most expensive

difficult more difficult the most difficult

Irregular forms:

adjective comparative superlative

should + verb

You can use should to recommend (= tell people what you think is good

for them to do).

You should go to Green Park – it’s lovely NOT You should to go

You should see that film – it’s excellent.

I / You / He / She / should do it I / You / He / She / shouldn’t do it

Should we go and see that film? Yes, you should.

No, you shouldn’t.

present continuous

You use the present continuous:

1 to say what is happening now (at this moment):

My brother is doing his homework at the moment.

I can’t phone my boss He’s driving to Manchester.

11.4 Complete the sentences with the

correct superlative form.

example She lives in (nice)

part of the city

get to the station?

11.5 Complete the sentences with verbs

from the box.

example You should at the

Carlton Hotel – it’s wonderful.

new Spanish film It’s very good.

when you’re in India.

Museum It’s really interesting.

on 24 hours a day

Venice It’s a terrific journey.

stay the nicest

12.1 Write the -ing form of these verbs.

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2 to say what is happening around now (for a short period):

I’m staying with my aunt and uncle (e.g this week)

She’s looking after their dog for a few days

He / She / It’s working He / She / It isn’t working.

You / We / They’re eating You / We / They aren’t staying.

Am I working? Yes, I am / No, I’m not.

Is he / she listening? Yes, he / she is / No, he / she isn’t.

Are you / we / they waiting? Yes, you / we / they are

No, you / we they aren’t

spelling

BUT

smoke smoking drive driving live living

swim swimming run running sit sitting

vowel + consonant: double the consonant)

present simple vs present continuous

You use the present simple:

1 to talk about things that are always true, or true for a long time.

I come from England.

She works in a school.

They don’t live here.

2 to talk about things you often do or don’t do.

I walk to school most days.

They don’t read a newspaper every day.

For use of the present continuous, see above.

Compare:

He wears jeans every day, but today he’s wearing a suit.

He often wears jeans but he’s wearing a suit at the moment.

He usually works in his office, but today he’s working at home

12.2 Correct the errors Use the present

continuous.

example He not doing the exercise.

1 Where are you live now?

2 I don’t working today.

3 They are siting in the kitchen.

4 He not having lunch.

5 They aren’t study at the moment.

12.3 Make correct present continuous

sentences.

example What / you / do?

What are you doing?

1 What / she / wear / today?

2 They / have / lunch / now?

3 I / not work / today.

4 We / not stay / long.

5 What / he / do / at the moment?

12.4 Underline the correct answer.

1 It usually rains / is raining a lot in England.

2 My brother studies / ’s studying very hard at the moment.

3 We go / are going to Spain every year.

4 I never play / am playing football in the summer.

5 I can’t talk to my mother – she speaks / ’s speaking to someone on the phone

6 Three of the students come from /

7 What do you do / are you doing at the moment?

8 My sister always wears / is wearing jeans at the weekend.

T H I S W E E K

isn’t

For a change, do anexercise orally with

a partner

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13.1 Match the sentence halves.

13.2 Correct one error in each sentence.

1 Where’s you going to live next year?

2 What’s he going for do after school?

3 She not going to buy that car.

4 When does Julia going to Romania?

5 I’m no going by car; I can walk.

6 Are they going stay at home tonight?

7 A Are they going work now?

B No, they not.

8 They’re going to get married last year.

9 She going to learn Japanese next year.

10 James and Fred going to the cinema?

13.3 Write A or B against each of the

sentences.

A the person is sure

B the person think’s it’s possible

example We’re going to the bank A

1 I might go out this evening.

2 She’s not going to study English.

3 Martha might get married in July.

4 We might not go on holiday this year.

5 He’s going to give us a test.

13.4 Put the correct form of be going to or

2 My son isn’t sure what he wants to

perhaps politics.

Saturday – I‘ve got two tickets

4 She hasn’t got a watch, so she

You use be going to + verb to talk about things you plan to do in the future.

I’m going to buy a flat in the centre.

He’s going to work in Budapest in September

He’s going to learn Hungarian.

Are we / you / they Yes, we / you / they are.

No, we / you / they aren’t.

No, he / she / it isn’t.

natural English be going to + go

When you say be going to + go, you don’t have to repeat go.

I’m going to go to the bank this afternoon.

They’re going to go to Japan next year.

Are you going to go to the theatre tonight?

might + verb

You use might + verb to say that something is possible in the future.

I might go to Poland next summer (= it’s possible; I’m not sure)

They might stay in a hotel (= it’s possible; they aren’t sure)

I / You / He / She / It / We / They I / You / He / She / It / We / They

We don’t usually ask questions with might

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present perfect

You use the present perfect to talk about things that have happened in a

time before (or up to) now Usually we don’t know when these things

happened.

I’ve been to Greece. = before now We don’t know when

He’s worked in a restaurant = before now We don’t know when.

We often use ever and never with the present perfect.

Have you ever been to Canada? = in your life up to now

I’ve never played basketball = in my life up to now

Notice the difference between have been to and have gone to.

He has been to France = Sometime in his life He isn’t in France now.

He has gone to France = He went to France and is in France now.

Have they spent ? No, they haven’t.

For past participles, go to the irregular verb list on p.158

go to exercises 14.1, 14.2 and 14.3

present perfect and past simple

You use the past simple for things that started and finished in the past.

We often know when (or where) these things happened.

I lived in Paris in 1998 She went to the cinema yesterday.

You use the present perfect for things that have happened before (or up

to) now Usually, we don’t know when these things happened.

Compare:

I’ve lived in Paris. = before now, we don’t know when

I lived in Paris in 1998. = we know when, so you use the past simple

14.1 Write the past participle.

example see seen

example he / ever / work / abroad

Has he ever worked abroad?

1 she / be / to South America

2 he / ever / stay / in an expensive hotel

3 she / ever / break / her leg

4 he / read / many books in English

5 she / ever / write / a short story

14.3 Complete the dialogues

(work) in Japan?

B No, I , but I’d like to.

(break) her arm?

long time ago.

(make) bread at home?

always a first time

B Yes, I think they

14.4 Circle the correct form.

example I went / have been to

Germany last year.

1 She met / has met my uncle before.

2 Did you go / Have you been to the cinema last night?

3 What did you do / have you done last weekend?

4 I never met / have never met anyone famous.

5 They saw / have seen Jon at the airport yesterday.

fourteen

worked there.

seen it.

haven’t worked there.

haven’t studied there.

Trang 20

Photocopiable © Oxford University Press 2006

1.4 1 Is she a business student? No, she isn’t.

2 Are they from England? Yes, they are.

3 Is he married? No, he isn’t.

4 Are you in this class? Yes, I am.

5 Is she a doctor? Yes, she is.

2.6 1 What is that actor’s name?

2 Have you got Anna’s rubber?

3 I think the green car is David’s.

4 When is your mother’s birthday?

5 B No, it’s Mrs Taylor’s.

3.2 1 Do you come from Spain?

2 Do you speak Spanish and English?

3 Do you live in Madrid?

4 Do you work in an office?

5 Do you take the train to work?

3.3 1 I don’t come from Spain.

2 I don’t speak Spanish and English.

3 I don’t live / work in Madrid.

4 I don’t work in an office.

5 I don’t take the train to work.

3.5 1 When do you leave the flat?

2 How far is it?

3 Why do you play football?

4 Where do you live?

5 How do they get there?

3.7 1 She never watches videos.

2 She does a lot of work in the mornings.

3 She studies German.

4 She goes there a lot.

5 She walks to work.

3.8 1 She doesn’t live in Germany.

2 He doesn’t eat fish.

3 She doesn’t play tennis.

4 He doesn’t speak German.

5 She doesn’t drink wine.

unit four

4.1 1 She is always tired.

2 I usually leave home at eight.

3 She hardly ever listens to music.

4 They don’t usually work on Saturday.

5 I never get home before six.

5.1 [C] Singular [C] Plural [U] Uncountable

apple sausages milk egg cornflakes cheese sandwich rolls ham

butter toast jam

5.3 1 Have you got any bread?

2 We haven’t got any pasta.

3 I usually have some toast for breakfast.

4 Has he got any brothers or sisters?

5 Do you want any apples?

6 I want some jam.

7 Would you like a ham sandwich?

8 I don’t eat any butter.

9 Do you read any newspapers at the

weekend?

10 I never buy any coffee.

5.4 1 What can you eat or drink here?

2 Can you help me, please?

3 They can’t understand you.

4 A Can she give you $100?

B No, she can’t.

5 He can’t work on Saturday, because he

always plays football, but he can work

6.2 1 Lucy wasn’t very happy at school.

2 We weren’t late for class this morning.

3 The food was nice but the waiters weren’t friendly.

4 The film wasn’t very interesting.

5 Why weren’t you in class yesterday?

6.4 1 I met her brother last year.

2 He had eggs for breakfast this morning.

3 I thought João was at home, but he

wasn’t.

4 She got up at 9.00 this morning, so she

was late for work.

5 I saw him at the party last week.

Trang 21

unit seven

7.1 1 They didn’t take the bus home.

2 She didn’t get married last year.

3 He didn’t leave home when he was

eighteen.

4 I didn’t grow up in Switzerland.

5 I didn’t study German at school.

7.2 1 did you go

2 did you meet

3 Did you watch

4 did you work

5 did you wash

7.3 Dictionaries are very useful.

Eggs are nice for breakfast.

Museums aren’t open in the evening.

People go shopping at the weekend.

Children start school at five.

4 Are there any

5 There are some

2 Can I to pay you tomorrow?

3 You don’t have to buy tea.

4 He can’t go to the bank now.

5 She doesn’t have to work today.

unit ten

10.1 2 He can run very well.

3 He can’t sing very well.

4 He can play the guitar very well.

5 He can’t play chess very well.

6 He can speak English very well.

unit ten

10.2 1 He didn’t do anything.

2 We didn’t buy anything.

3 I didn’t see anything.

4 She didn’t drink anything.

5 He didn’t tell her anything.

10.4 1 Yes, everyone knows her.

2 Yes, everyone went out yesterday.

3 Yes, everyone has tickets.

4 Yes, everyone saw the film.

5 Yes, everyone spoke to her.

2 Tokyo’s more expensive than Paris.

3 Water’s better for you than coffee.

4 Africa’s bigger than South America.

5 In cities, flats are more common than houses.

11.3 1 She bought the most expensive picture

in the shop.

2 I live in the cheapest part of the city.

3 It’s the most dangerous part of the town.

4 He bought the most comfortable shoes

12.2 1 Where are you living now?

2 I’m not working today.

3 They aresitting in the kitchen.

4 He isn’t having lunch.

4 They aren’tstudying at the moment.

12.3 1 What’s she wearing today?

2 Are they having lunch now?

3 I’m not working today

4 We’re not / We aren’t staying long

5 What’s he doing at the moment?

13.2 1 Where are you going to live next year?

2 What’s he going to do after school?

3 She’s not / She isn’t going to buy that

car.

4 When’s / is Julia going to Romania?

5 I’m not going to go by car.

6 Are they going to stay at home

tonight?

7 Are they going to work now?

B No, they’re not/ they aren’t.

8 They’re going to get married next year.

9 She’s / is going to learn Japanese next

14.2 1 Has she been to South America?

2 Has he ever stayed in an expensive hotel?

3 Has she ever broken her leg?

4 Has he read many books in English?

5 Has she ever written a short story?

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14.3 1 A Have you ever worked in Japan?

B No, I haven’t, but I’d like to.

2 A Has she ever broken her arm?

B Yes, she has, but it was a long time

ago.

3 A Has he ever made bread at home?

B No, he hasn’t, but there’s always a

first time.

4 A Have you eaten Thai food?

B Yes, I have It’s fantastic.

5 A Have they driven in America before?

B Yes, I think they have.

14.4 1 She has met my uncle before.

2 Did you go to the cinema last night?

3 What did you do last weekend?

4 I have never met anyone famous.

5 They saw Jon at the airport yesterday.

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© Oxford University Press language reference www.oup.com/elt/naturalenglish

1.1 Write questions Use he.

1 (be) a doctor?

2 (live) with his parents?

3 (have got) a car?

4 (go) to Italy last year?

5 (can understand) German?

Now write questions using they.

6 (be) married?

7 (have got) any children?

8 (like) skiing?

9 (stay) at home last night?

10 (be) at university in the 1990s?

1.2 Here are some answers Write possible

wh- questions.

1 He’s from the south of Italy.

2 At 7 o’clock this morning.

3 Because he wanted to learn English.

4 Twenty euros.

5 Eighteen – it’s her birthday today.

1.3 Fill the gaps with a verb, question

word, or preposition.

language reference

one question forms

yes / no questions

Most verbs form questions with do, does, and did.

He livess near here Doeess he live near here?

It rained yesterday Did it rain yesterday?

In questions with the verb be, put the verb before the subject In questions with modal verbs (e.g can, could), put the modal verb before the subject With have got, put have before the subject.

I’ve got a dictionary Have you got a dictionary?

He can come later Can he come later?

wh- questions

With wh- questions, use the same word order as yes / no questions.

Where does he live? = place When did she get here? = time Why did they leave? = reason What’s your name? = a thing Who’s got my pen? = a person How old is your baby? = age How often do you come here? = frequency How much does it cost? = quantity What’s it like? = tell me about it

You can end questions with prepositions.

Where do you come from? NOT From where do you come?

Who does she live with?

What are you looking at?

Trang 24

1.4 Write the verbs in the correct form.

holiday?

1.5 Make the underlined nouns plural.

1 David found the boy’s books.

2 We went out with my sister’s friends.

3 They forgot the child’s jackets.

4 It was the woman’s idea.

5 My brother’s team lost the match.

1 I gave it to Mark’s brother / the brother of Mark

2 What’s the film’s name / the name of the film ?

3 Do you know Petra’s husband / the husband of Petra ?

4 That’s my sister’s computer / t he computer of my sister

5 We live in the country’s middle / the middle of the country

present simple

don’t live here.

doesn’t live here.

short answers

You can use the present simple to talk about things which are

always / generally true:

I come from Italy She doesn’t like chocolate.

They live in a village Does she speak French?

You can also use the present simple to talk about habits:

I go to the shops every week Do you often see your parents?

She watches TV in the evenings Does he finish work at 6.00?

possessive ’s / s’

singular nouns: add ’s

irregular plural nouns: add ’s

the children’s toys the men’s room

regular plural nouns: add s’

the boys’ bicycles my friends’ flat

Compare:

the student’s room = a room for one student

the students’ room = a room for more than one student

You can use possessive ’s / s’ to talk about possessions and relationships.

Maria’s flat Maria’s boyfriend NOT the boyfriend of Maria

But you normally use of for things and places.

the beginning of the film the end of the road NOT the road’s end

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1.7 Correct the errors Be careful: two

sentences are correct.

1 When did they returned?

2 She seen him last week.

3 We studyed this grammar yesterday.

4 I didn’t forget her birthday.

5 What time did he left the party?

6 We stoped work at five o’clock.

7 I drived home last night.

8 He putted his coat on.

9 I didn’t write anything.

10 He didn’t went to school today.

1.8 Fill the gaps with one word.

past simple

didn’t work (NOT worked) (NOT worked)

(but not verbs ending in

-y, -w, or an unstressed

vowel, e.g open, visit)

Many common verbs are irregular in the past:

You can use the past simple to talk about something that started and

finished in the past You often know when it happened.

I worked until ten o’clock last night I didn’t see him yesterday.

You can use these time expressions with the past simple.

yesterday last night / week / month two weeks ago in 2001 at 2.30

natural English a sequence of actions

For more than one action with the same subject, you don’t need to repeat

Trang 26

www.oup.com/elt/naturalenglish language reference © Oxford University Press

2.1 Organize the words into sentences Add

1 There is / are some cheese in the fridge.

2 I’m going to buy some / an apple.

3 I’d like a / some milk in my coffee.

4 I’ve got a / some butter for the sandwiches.

5 I think pasta is / are very good for you.

6 He put a / some sugar in my coffee.

7 This beer is / are very cold.

8 Where is / are the children?

9 I bought a / some bottle of beer.

10 I need to buy a / some rice.

2.3 Write C (countable) or U (uncountable)

for these nouns.

We don’t normally use the / a in these phrases:

He has lunch at 12.00 NOT has the lunch

Did you have dinner at home last night?

We use a in these phrases:

have a meal have a snack have a drink have a coffee (= a cup of coffee)

We had a meal on the train.

Shall we have a drink after work?

countable and uncountable nouns

countable nouns

Countable nouns can be singular or plural:

a book / two books a match / some matches a man / three men

uncountable nouns

Uncountable nouns are normally only singular:

Uncountable nouns aren’t normally used with a / an:

(some) bread NOT a bread (some) information NOT an information

Uncountable nouns are normally used with a singular verb:

There iissnn’’tt much bread NOT There aren’t much bread

That pasta wwaass expensive NOT That pasta were expensive

These words are uncountable in English, but countable in some languages.

luggage

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2.4 Fill the gaps with much, many, a lot of, or

any.

packet’s empty.

room.

class: only four.

7 The teacher didn’t give us homework, so I watched TV.

match?

one or two glasses a day.

party tomorrow night.

2.5 Complete the sentences with a suitable

verb and adjective from the box.

1 She put her hand in front of the fire

I’m late for work.

3 It’s a beautiful flower but it doesn’t

A dictionary shows if nouns are countable or uncountable.

entries from Oxford Wordpower DictionaryISBN 0194315169

natural English a coffee, two beers

Coffee, juice, and beer are countable when they mean ‘a cup of …’ or ‘a

bottle of …’ or ‘a glass of …’.

I’d like a coffee, please (= a cup of coffee) Two beers, please.

I’ll have a juice.

a lot of, much, many, any

With countable nouns [C], you can use many / any in questions and

negative sentences.

How many eggs are there? We haven’t got many oranges.

Are there any eggs? We haven’t got any oranges.

In positive sentences, use a lot of.

She eats a lot of apples We’ve got a lot of bottles of milk.

With uncountable nouns [U], you can use much / any in questions and

negative sentences.

How much bread is there? We haven’t got much coffee.

Is there any bread? We haven’t got any coffee.

In positive sentences, use a lot of.

We’ve got a lot of milk She eats a lot of cheese.

adjectives and adverbs

Adjectives usually go before nouns.

It’s a hot day It wasn’t a very comfortable chair.

But they also follow certain verbs.

– sense verbs, e.g look, taste, smell, feel, and sound

He looks happy NOT happily The chair feels soft.

The music sounds horrible This perfume smells lovely.

This apple tastes delicious.

– other verbs including be, become, get, and seem

She’s angry He gets (= becomes) tired in the evenings.

He seems very unhappy The course is becoming more difficult.

H b brre ead /bred/ n noun n [U] a type of food made from flour and water mixed

together and baked in an oven Another substance (yeast) is usually added to

make the bread rise: a piece/slice of bread

H e eg gg g 1

/eg/ n noun n 1 1 [C] an almost round object with a hard shell that contains a

young bird, reptile or insect

Trang 28

However, most verbs are not followed by an adjective, but an adverb of

manner.

Our teacher speaks very slowly They speak English well.

You can use certain adverbs to say more about adjectives.

The meal was really delicious She writes very interesting letters.

It’s incredibly hot today.

Before extreme adjectives, use absolutely or really You cannot use very:

NOT very wonderful / very awful / very terrible

The weather was absolutely terrible.

2.6 Fill the gaps with a suitable adjective or

adverb.

2 On mountain roads, you need to drive

3 When he speaks in a loud voice, he sounds

4 My sister speaks Italian very

.

5 I put my coat on because I felt

.

three

present perfect (1): time up to now

have / has + past participle

I / You / We / They ’ve / have lived there Have you lived there?

haven’t lived there.

hasn’t been here.

short answers

For regular past participles, use the same rules as regular past simple (see

p.150) Many common verbs have irregular past participles.

You can use the present perfect to talk about things that have happened

in a period of time up to now.

I’ve been to Greece = before now; we don’t know when

He’s worked in a restaurant = before now; we don’t know when

We often use ever and never with the present perfect.

Have you ever been to Canada? = in your life up to now

I’ve never played basketball = in my life up to now

3.1 Fill the gaps with the correct past

participle.

3.2 Make present perfect sentences using

these key words.

1 you / ever / play / tennis?

2 she / visit / Italy / three times

3 I / never / see / The Taj Mahal

4 she / not / be / a football match

5 he / ever / lose / his passport?

Write in pencil, then you canrub out your answers and dothe exercise again later

For a change, do an exercise

in your head or orally with apartner Check your answers,then write them in

Trang 29

present perfect v past simple

When you give more information about when or where something

happened, you normally use the past simple.

A Have you ever been to Brazil? B Yes, I went to São Paulo last year.

A What did you do at the weekend? B I worked in the garden.

I didn’t buy anything at the supermarket yesterday NOT I haven’t bought

I found a credit card in the street a couple of days ago NOT I’ve found

For more information about the present perfect, go to p.167.

3.3 Complete the sentences with the

present perfect or past simple.

weekend.

yesterday.

week?

four

this / that (one); these / those (ones)

this (one) (near me) these (ones) (near me)

that (one) (not near me) those (ones) (not near me)

We can use one / ones when we don’t want to repeat a noun.

A Can you pass me that book? A I like those shoes.

will (1)

Use will (’ll) when you decide to do something.

I’ll buy that car (= you decided at that moment, not before)

Use will to promise or offer or agree to do something.

A My computer’s not working A This bag’s heavy

B I’ll look at it this afternoon B OK, I’ll carry it.

For more information on will, go to p.162.

1 Do you know this / these people?

2 Can you give me that / those packet

of spaghetti?

3 I don’t like this / these one very much.

4 What’s that / those ?

5 Are this / these your glasses?

4.2 Write one in this dialogue four times.

A Would you like a cake?

B OK, thanks.

A This looks very nice.

B Which?

A This here.

B Yes, but I’m going to have that.

4.3 What can you say in these situations?

Use I’ll …

1 Someone is carrying a heavy box.

2 Your mother has got a headache.

3 Your friend is feeling very thirsty.

4 Your friend doesn’t know where the station is.

5 Someone knocks on the door.

Cover the grammar, thentry the exercise Check thegrammar again to help you

This one

That one

These ones

Those ones

Trang 30

phrasal verbs (1)

A phrasal verb is a verb + adverb (or preposition).

Some phrasal verbs are intransitive – they don’t need an object.

He asked us to sit down We can carry on with this exercise.

Some phrasal verbs are transitive – they need an object.

take off your shoes turn on the radio look after the children

With some verbs, the object can go before or after the adverb.

take your shoes off OR take off your shoes

turn the radio on OR turn on the radio

With some verbs the object cannot go before the adverb.

look after the children / them NOT look the children / them after

look for my book / it NOT look my book / it for

But with these verbs, a pronoun must go before the adverb.

take them off NOT take off them

turn it on NOT turn on it

A dictionary tells you if you can put the object in two places, like this:

entries from Oxford Wordpower DictionaryISBN 0194315169

take sth off = the object can go in two places

look after sb / sth = the object must go at the end

too / very, too much / many

too and very + adjective

Too means ‘more than we want or need or like’ Compare:

.

It’s very hot today I love hot weather It’s too hot today I feel terrible.

4.4 Fill the gaps with a suitable noun, if

necessary If no noun is necessary, put –.

4.5 Correct the errors Be careful: two

sentences are correct.

1 I’ll look the children after.

2 Can you turn on the radio?

3 Please turn off it.

4 Don’t take your shoes off.

5 I’m looking my pen for.

4.6 Tick 3 the correct sentences.

1 I can’t buy that house because it's too expensive.

2 This drink is too cold – lovely!

3 We did well in the test, but it was too difficult.

4 I didn’t go to the party; I was too tired.

5 He’s only 12; he’s very young to drive a car.

For a change, do anexercise quickly inyour head

H tta ake s stth h o offff 1 to remove sth, especially clothes: Come in and take your

coat off.

H llo oo ok k a afftte err s sb b//s stth h//y yourrs se to be responsible for or take care of

sb/sth/yourself: I want to go back to work if I can find somebody to

look after the children.

Trang 31

too much / too many + noun

There are too many chairs There’s too much money.

don’t have to leave.

doesn’t have to stay.

Notice that the negative of have to is don’t have to NOT haven’t to.

past tense

I / You / He / She / It / We / They had to go Did they have to go?

didn’t have to go.

short answers

Use have to to talk about obligation: things that are necessary and important.

Have to is similar to must, but in spoken English you use have to more

often than must.

You have to wear a seatbelt when you’re driving = it’s necessary

I don’t have to go to school today = it isn’t necessary

Do I have to get there before 9 o’clock? = is it necessary?

She had to start work at 8 o’clock yesterday = it was necessary

He didn’t have to get there early = it wasn’t necessary

Compare:

You don’t have to give him a present = it’s not necessary

You mustn’t give him a present = it’s not permitted; you can’t

5.1 Replace the underlined words using the

correct form of have to.

1 It’s necessary for you to find a job soon.

2 It isn’t necessary for me to leave home before 8 o’clock.

3 Is it necessary for me to change trains?

4 It wasn’t necessary for me to take a taxi.

5 Was it necessary for you to pay to go into the museum?

5.2 Change these sentences using the

correct form of have got to.

1 I have to work late today.

2 Do we have to return the books?

3 He doesn’t have to go back this evening.

4 What time do you have to be there?

5 She has to phone her mother.

Write in pencil, thenyou can rub out youranswers and do theexercise again later

4.7 Write too, too much, or too many.

Trang 32

5.3 Fill the gaps with can, can’t, have to, or

don’t have to.

11.00 p.m.

waiting for me.

are OK.

4 If the weather is OK, we walk to the station.

teacher wants to use the room.

Make a note of anydifferences betweenthis grammar and yourlanguage

Is this grammar the same inyour language? If not, make anote of the difference

natural English have got to

In spoken and informal written English, we often use have got to in place

of have to, but not in the past (NOT I had got to).

I’ve got to finish this essay today.

We’ve got to be there at 6 o’clock.

She hasn't got to go to work tomorrow.

Have you got to do any homework tonight?

I had got to take the book back yesterday.

can / can’t + verb

I / You / He / She / It / We / They can go NOT can to go Can I go?

can’t (cannot) leave Can we stop now?

Cannot is normally only used in writing.

short answers

Use can / can’t to talk about things that are possible / not possible.

You can walk into town from here.

We can’t go out until it stops raining.

Can I get something to eat here?

When something is ‘possible’, it often means it is ‘permitted’.

We can eat our lunch in here = it’s possible because it is permitted

We can’t smoke in here = it’s not possible because it isn’t permitted

Can I open the window? = is it possible / permitted?

articles (2)

You don’t normally use the with these phrases:

go to school / university (= to study) I go to school at 8 o’clock.

go (in)to hospital (= because you are ill) He went into hospital last night.

go to church (= for a service) She went to church yesterday.

BUT you can use the when you are talking about the ‘building’.

I’m going to the university tonight to meet some friends.

I went to the hospital to visit my mother.

Trang 33

articles (3)

You often use the + noun to talk about places in a country.

I’m from the south-west She lives in the capital The north coast is beautiful.

I’m going to the seaside / the mountains / the coast / the country this weekend.

You can use the + noun to talk about the weather.

The weather is fantastic at the moment I love sitting in the sun(shine).

I couldn’t sleep because of the wind The rain stopped and we went out.

Use the for these places:

oceans, seas, rivers, deserts the Pacific the Red Sea The Nile the Sahara

groups of mountains / islands the Alpss the Bahamass

Don’t use a / the for these places:

continents, most countries, states Asia Argentina California

lakes and most single mountains Lake Victoria Mount Fuji

towns, streets, squares Budapest Baker Street Parliament Square

comparative and superlative adjectives

cheap cheaper (than) the cheapest one-syllable adjectives: +-er/ +-est

nice nicer the nicest one-syllable adjectives ending in -e:

+-r/ +-st

and one consonant: double theconsonant, +-er/ +-est

friendly friendlier the friendliest adjectives ending in -y:

change -yto -i, +-er / +-est

quiet quieter the quietest a few two-syllable adjectives:

+-er/ +-est

Many two-syllable adjectives, e.g useful and polite, and longer adjectives:

crowded more crowded the most crowded -edadjectives take more/

the most

boring more boring the most boring -ingadjectives take more/

the most

expensive more expensive the most expensive

industrial more industrial the most industrial

6.1 Cross out any words which are not

necessary Be careful: some sentences are correct.

1 Maria comes from the South America.

2 I prefer the south to the north.

3 He lives near the Red Square.

4 The capital of the France is Paris.

5 The north-east the coast is very cold.

6 I’ve been to the Mount Kilimanjaro.

7 Shall we go to the Andes?

8 Have you been to the Cairo?

9 I had to wait in the rain.

10 The Russia is in the Europe.

6.2 Write the comparative and superlative

forms for each adjective.

Trang 34

Some comparative and superlative forms are irregular.

superlative adjectives

You use superlatives to compare people / things with all the other people /

things of their group Always use the with superlatives.

Ravi’s the shortest in the family.

Neema’s the tallest.

Notice the preposition:

the tallest building in the world NOT of the world

comparative adjectives

You use comparatives to compare people / things.

Arun’s taller than Ravi.

Arun’s shorter than Neema.

Neema’s taller than the other two.

Use than after a comparative.

He’s older than me NOT that me

natural English not as + comparative

In spoken English, you can use not as + adjective to compare two people /

things.

A I prefer cats to dogs A It rains more in the west than the east

B Yes, but cats aren’t as friendly B Yes, but it’s not as windy (as in the east).

(as dogs)

= dogs are friendlier

6.3 Fill the gaps with the most suitable

superlative form.

1 I really like talking to her; she’s

person in the class (interesting / boring)

2 I didn’t have much money, so I bought car (cheap / expensive)

3 There are too many people – it’s

city in the world (crowded / quiet)

I’ve ever been to (hot / industrial).

team He’s really fantastic! (good / bad)

6.4 Write the missing word.

last film?

know.

4 My new dentist is better

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will, be going to, might + verb for prediction

I / You / He / She / It / We / They ’ll (will) go Will you / he / they go?

won’t (will not) go.

might go.

might not go.

short answers

Yes, I / he / they will / might.

No, I / he / they won’t / might not.

I ’m / ’m not going to do it Are you going to do it?

We / You / They ’re / ’re not (aren’t)

short answers

Yes, I am Yes, he is Yes, they are.

No, I’m not No, he isn’t No, they aren’t.

When you are saying / guessing what you think will happen in the future,

you can use will or be going to with the same meaning.

I think it’ll rain later. | same meaning

I think it’s going to rain later. |

She won’t marry David = I’m certain.

She isn’t going to marry David = I’m certain.

You can use probably to say you are about 75% sure Notice the position

of probably in these sentences:

We’ll probably be late He probably won’t come.

We’re probably going to be late.

You can use might + verb to say you are about 50% sure.

It might rain tomorrow NOT It might to rain.

6.5 Use be going to in place of the underlined

words.

1 Who will win the match?

2 Will she get a better job?

3 I’m sure we won’t be late.

4 You’ll feel better tomorrow.

5 I’ll marry a tall, handsome man.

1 will / rain / tomorrow / it?

2 a / to / footballer / is / be / going / he?

3 am / to / not / I / this / finish / going / tonight

4 won’t / before / we / home / probably / arrive / seven / o’clock

5 future / might / at / home / people /

in / the / work

For a change, do an exerciseorally with a partner

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phrasal verbs (2)

For information on the grammar of phrasal verbs go to p.157.

With some phrasal verbs the meaning is similar to the main verb.

stand up is similar to ‘stand’

wake up is similar to ‘wake’

But often the meaning is different.

take off (your coat) is different from ‘take’

turn on (the light) is different from ‘turn’

With many phrasal verbs there is also more than one meaning.

The plane couldn’t take off = leave the ground

You can take off your jacket = remove your jacket

He promised to come but didn’t turn up = arrive

Could you turn up the radio? = increase the volume

natural English phrasal verbs in conversation

Most phrasal verbs are more common in spoken English than in formal,

written English.

I went back to the shop (more informal)

I returned to the shop (more formal)

She never found out the truth (more informal)

She never discovered the truth (more formal)

past continuous

positive and negative forms questions

I / He / She / It was(n’t) waiting Was I / he / she waiting?

You / We / They were(n’t) Were you / we / they waiting?

short answers

Yes, I / he / she was Yes, you / we / they were.

No, I / he / she wasn’t No, you / we / they weren’t.

spelling of -ing form

most verbs ending in one double the stop / stopping plan / planning

vowel + one consonant consonant,

(but not verbs ending in add -ing

-y, -w, or an unstressed

vowel, e.g open, visit)

7.1 Match the meanings below with the

underlined phrasal verbs.

stopped working continued arrivedleft the ground started a journey

1 We set off at 7.00 and got there at lunchtime.

2 I was really angry when she turned

2 They wasn’t having dinner.

3 She was puting on her coat.

4 It wasn’t raining.

5 Was leaving the doctor?

Cover the grammar, thentry the exercise Check thegrammar again to help you

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You can use the past continuous with the past simple The past continuous

shows a longer action / situation The past simple shows a shorter action

which happened during the longer action / situation.

met friend

I met an old friend when I was walking to work yesterday.

= I started walking before I met my friend ‘Walking’ is a longer action

When I left the house, it was raining.

= It started raining before I left the house ‘Raining’ is a longer action

Someone rang the doorbell while I was talking on the phone.

= I started talking on the phone before someone rang the doorbell ‘Talking’ is a

longer action

You often use when (= at that time) or while (= during that period) to link

the past continuous and the past simple.

When I got home, my sister was watching TV = at that time (NOT while I got home)

I met Henry while | I was living in Rome = during that period

You can also use the past continuous to describe the background to a

story.

I was looking out of the window Two little girls were playing with a dog and an old

lady was watching them Suddenly, a man shouted, ‘Look out!’.

Compare:

arrived

When Jim arrived, Jackie was cutting the grass = Jackie started cutting the grass

before Jim arrived

arrived

When Jim arrived, Jackie cut the grass = Jim arrived Then Jackie started cutting

the grass

go to exercise 7.3 and 7.4

7.3 Tick 3 the correct answer.

1 When I got to the café, my girlfriend was waiting for me.

A I arrived first.

B My girlfriend arrived first.

2 Steve was having a bath when the phone rang.

A Steve’s bath was a longer

A Staying at the hotel is

background (less important) information.

B Someone taking the passports

is background (less important) information.

7.4 Fill the gaps using the past simple or

past continuous.

(arrive).

some money.

(work).

the party.

Is this grammar the same inyour language? If not, make anote of the difference

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8.1 Correct the errors Be careful: one

sentence is correct.

1 I might to see them this evening.

2 Do you like to go swimming this weekend?

3 What time you going to see them?

4 She isn’t going to get a job in the summer.

5 I’d like watch the match tomorrow.

8.2 Complete the dialogues with the correct

8.3 Fill the gaps with the or nothing (–).

1 I think sport is important for your health.

2 Did you see news on TV this morning?

3 girls aren’t usually interested

See p.162 for forms.

would like to + verb

I / You / He / She / It / We / They ’d (would) like to go Would you like to go?

The negative form wouldn’t like to is not as common.

short answers

You can use be going to + verb to talk about things you intend / plan to do

in the future.

I’m going to work in New York in the summer.

Is she going to take the train to Paris?

You can use might + verb to talk about possible plans / intentions.

We might visit my uncle when we’re in Vienna = it’s possible but not sure

I might study medicine next year = I don’t know at the moment but it’s a possibility

You can use would like to + verb for things you want to do.

I’d like to go to that concert on Saturday.

Would you like to go to university?

Would like to is a bit more polite and less direct than want to.

articles (4)

definite article ( the ), or no article

When you talk about people / things in general, you don’t normally use

the with plural nouns or uncountable nouns.

Children are noisy = children in general NOT The children are noisy.

Fruit is expensive in the winter = fruit in general

Sport is very popular in my country = sport in general

When you talk about specific people or things, you need the.

The children in my class were very noisy this morning.

The fruit I bought yesterday was lovely.

The sport I like most is football.

When you’ve finished

an exercise, say thesentences aloud

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articles in time expressions

You don’t use the when you talk about a day / week / month / year which is

‘the next one’ or ‘the last one’.

We saw him on Tuesday (= last Tuesday)

I’m going next week NOT the next week

I’m going to start in September (= next September

She worked hard last year NOT the last year

BUT I was ill during the last week of my holiday.

present continuous for future

He / She / It ’s / isn’t (’s not) working Is he / she working?

You / We / They ’re / aren’t meeting Are you meeting him?

short answers

No, I’m not No, he / she isn’t No, you / we / they aren’t.

You can use the present continuous to talk and ask about definite future

plans and arrangements.

I’m meeting my girlfriend after work.

What are you doing this weekend?

They’re coming to the flat at 8 o’clock.

You can also use be going to + verb to talk and ask about definite future

plans and arrangements.

I’m going to meet my girlfriend after work.

What are you going to do this weekend?

But there is a small difference:

For plans you made with other people at a particular time or place, the

present continuous is more common.

I’m having dinner with my parents this evening.

For plans ‘in your own head’, not made with other people, be going to is

more common.

I’m going to wash my hair this evening.

8.4 Cross out the where it is used

incorrectly Be careful: one sentence is correct.

1 She went to Ibiza the last week.

2 I’ll see you in the June.

3 I’d like to go on holiday the next month.

4 We’re meeting the day after tomorrow.

5 I took my final exams the last year.

8.5 Write the verbs in brackets in the

8.6 Both forms (the present continuous and

be going to) are correct in four of these

sentences Which four?

1 I’m spending / going to spend the evening with friends.

2 We’re seeing / going to see my parents on Saturday.

3 I’m taking / going to take David to hospital this morning.

4 I’m looking / going to look for a job in January.

5 I’m working / going to work with my father this weekend.

For a change, do an exercise inyour head or orally with apartner Check your answers,then write them in

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1 since seven years / seven o’clock

2 for about a week / last December

3 for 1999 / ten minutes

4 since last week / half an hour

5 for a day or two / Tuesday

9.2 Tick 3 the correct answers.

1 I’ve had a cat since I was six.

A I’ve got a cat now.

B I haven’t got a cat now.

2 She had a cat for twelve years.

A She’s got a cat now.

B She hasn’t got a cat now.

9.3 Write sentences using the present

perfect.

1 Gill / have / long hair / 2004

2 I / not / see / him / three months

3 How long / you / live / Morocco?

4 She / be / photographer / a few years

5 I / know / Carol / last year

nine

present perfect (2): with for and since

See p.155 for forms.

Use the present perfect to say that something started in the past and is

still true now.

She’s had a car since October = She bought it last October She still has the car.

NOT She has a car since October

I’ve lived in this flat for three years = I moved here three years ago I still live here.

John has worked for the BBC for three months = He still works for the BBC now.

For and since are common with the present perfect.

ffoorr + a period of time

I’ve been here for a week / six months / a long time.

ssiinnccee+ a point of time (when the period of time began)

I’ve been here since October / 10 o’clock / I was a child.

To ask about the period of time, use How long …?

How long have you had that dog? (I know you have a dog now.)

How long has she been a student? (I know she’s a student now.)

How long have they lived in Vancouver? (I know they live in Vancouver now.)

For more information about the present perfect, go to p.153.

should / shouldn’t + verb

I / You / He / She / It / We / They should do it Should we go now?

shouldn’t do it.

short answers

Yes, you / he should.

No, you / he shouldn’t.

You can use should to say what is the correct or best thing to do.

You should pay your bills quickly = it’s the correct thing to do

NOT you should to pay

We should leave before it starts raining = it’s the best thing to do

You shouldn’t drive; you’re too tired = it isn’t a good idea

You shouldn’t wear jeans at work = it isn’t correct

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