business english 2e by mary chapter 05

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MARY ELLEN GUFFEY AND CAROLYN M

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▶ Recognize the functions and

uses of active- and voice verbs.

passive-▶ Use correctly verbs in the

present, past, and future tenses.

2

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requires a direct object (noun or pronoun) to

complete its meaning

Kim Collins works

for a large marketing firm

(The noun firm is

the object of the

preposition for, not

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TRY YOUR

SKILL

TRY YOUR

SKILL

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coupons to the winners.

2 The winners ate free

7 Before the test Jackie

studied very hard.

8 She sang out of tune.

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or describes the subject

Betty Ray is the new

vice president.

(The linking verb is

joins the complement vice president to the

Some linking verbs are

derived from the verb to

be: am , is , are , was ,

were , be , being , been

Others are words that describe sense

experiences: feel ,

appear , taste , seem ,

sound , smell , etc.

The engine sounds

good

(The linking verb

sounds joins the

complement good,

which is an adjective that describes the subject engine.)

 Linking

Three Types of Verbs

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TRY YOUR

SKILL

TRY YOUR

SKILL

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Helping Verbs:

Added to main verbs to create verb phrases

Common Helping Verbs:

Forms of to be

Forms of to have

Forms of to do Can , must , ought ,

might , could , will , etc.

Kim Collins is

applying for a new job.

(The helping verb is

plus the main verb

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TRY YOUR

SKILL

TRY YOUR

SKILL

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1 The applicant could

have arrived earlier.

2 It can be difficult to

accept change.

3 Susan has run a mile in

less than seven minutes.

4 Ben must learn his new

job duties.

Active Voice:

When the verb expresses an action directed

by the subject toward the object of the verb

 Writing that uses active-voice verbs is clear,

direct, and forceful.

 Active voice is called the voice of

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Passive Voice:

When the action of a transitive verb is directed toward the subject

 Passive-voice verbs may be used to disguise

the “doer” or agent of an action They may also

be used when indirectness is desired.

 Passive voice is called the voice of tact

 Passive Voice

 Active Voice

Verb Voices: Two Categories of Transitive Verbs

14

Active Voice Passive Voice

We answer e-mail

messages within 24 hours.

E-mail messages are

answered within 24

hours

DataPro expanded

its operations in the Southwest.

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TRY YOUR

SKILL

TRY YOUR

SKILL

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1 The bank stopped

payment on the check last week.

2 Taylor discovered the

losses.

3 The losses were

discovered last week.

4 Statements were issued

for all past-due accounts

Tense Verbs

Present-Past-Tense

Verbs

Tense Verbs

Future-Express current or habitual actions

Show completed actions

Show actions that

are expected to occur at a later time

Primary Tenses of Verbs

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Tense Verbs

Present-Past-Tense

Verbs

Tense Verbs

Future-The tense you see in the dictionary

Generally formed by adding d or

ed to the present tense

of regular verbs

Formed by adding will or shall to the

present tense

of the verb

Primary Tenses of Verbs

18

Tense Verbs

Present-Past-Tense

Verbs

Tense Verbs

Future-Halle works

in the Marketing Department.

She

worked

late yesterday

She will work on

that project next week.

Primary Tenses of Verbs Examples

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Challenges Using Primary Tenses

 Third-person singular verbs require an

-s ending This -s ending is not added to

other singular verbs.

He enjoys playing baseball with his son

Brianna enjoys skiing in the winter.

Our dog enjoys eating our leftovers.

20

Challenges Using Primary Tenses

 Timeless Facts: use present-tense verbs,

even if the verbs occur with other tense verbs.

past-What is (not was) the name of the person who

called me yesterday?

 Verbs changing form: watch for verbs

ending in y and some with the final

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TRY YOUR

SKILL

TRY YOUR

SKILL

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1 You (plan, plans) to apply

for the position, don’t you?

2 He (plan, plans) to apply

for the position too.

3 What (is, was) your maiden

name?

4 We (tryed, tried) our best

to accommodate everyone

5 She (refered, referred) to

her earlier message.

L E A R N I N G

O U T C O M E S Level 2

▶ Recognize and use correctly

participles, gerunds, and infinitives.

▶ Identify and remedy dangling

verbal phrases and other misplaced modifiers.

▶ Understand and apply the

subjunctive mood correctly.

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 To be able to use verbs correctly,

you must recognize present

participles and past participles

Both participles form verb

phrases

24

 Present Participle

 Present participle: formed by

adding ing to the present part of the

verb

 When used in a sentence, the present

participle is generally preceded by

some form of the helping verb to be (am, is, are, was, were, be, been) The contract is lying on the desk.

We are analyzing both proposals.

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 Past Participle

 Past participle: usually formed by

adding a d or t sound to the present

part of the verb.

 Past-participle verb phrases include

the helpers has, had, or have (and sometimes could, would, and

should) She has worked for many

businesses.

We have built a home in West Gate.

Lee should have seen the red light.

26

Three verbals are important:

Gerunds

Infinitives

Participles

Verbals

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Gerund: a verb

form that ends in

ing and is used as a

noun

Investing is important to our

economy (Gerund used as subject.)

Travis sought a career in marketing.

(Gerund used as object of preposition.)

Gerunds

28

When using gerunds,

be sure that nouns and pronouns

modifying gerunds

are possessive

We appreciate your (not you)

informing us of the error

The auditor questioned Mr Lee’s (not Mr Lee) traveling first-class.

Gerunds

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Infinitive: when the

present form of a verb

Try to (not and) arrive early.

Check to (not and) see that the door is

locked.

Infinitives

30

When using infinitives,

avoid split infinitives

that result in awkward sentences.

soon as possible,

complete the report.

complete the report as

soon as possible.

Infinitives