Introductory visualizing technology 5th by debra geoghan chapter 4

List and Describe Essential Video and Audio Output Devices 6.. The MotherboardThe Main Circuit Board of the Computer Copyright © 2017 Pearson Education, Inc... Ports & Connectors Connect

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Chapter 4 Hardware

1 Explain the Functions of a CPU

2 Identify the Parts of a System Unit and Motherboard

3 Compare Storage Devices

4 List and Describe Common Input Devices

5 List and Describe Essential Video and Audio Output Devices

6 Compare Various Types of Printers

7 Explain and Provide Examples of Adaptive Technology

8 Discuss Communication Devices

Explain the Functions of a CPU

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Functions of the CPU

 Central Processing Unit (CPU or processor)

 Brain of the computer housed on the motherboard

 Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)

• Perform calculations (ALU)

 Control Unit: Manages data movement through the CPU

• Execute instructions (Control Unit)

• Make decisions (control unit)

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Instruction Cycle

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 There are four steps in the instruction cycle:

 CPU performance is measured in:

CPU Performance

 Multi-core processor:

 Two or more processors integrated on a single chip

• Increases processing speed

• Reduces energy consumption

 GPU (graphics processing unit)

• A video card that has its ownprocessor

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CPU Performance

 Parallel processing:

 Uses multiple processors, or multicore processors, to divide up processing tasks

 Each processor can use pipelining to further boost processing efficiency

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CPU Performance

 Pipelining:

 Used by a single processor

 When the first instruction moves from stage

1 to stage 2 of the machine cycle, the next

instruction moves into stage 1 – like an

assembly line

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CPU Performance and Cooling

 Processing generates heat

 To prevent overheating, the CPU uses:

• Heat sink –draws heat away from the processor

• Cooling fan – positioned above the processor

 System units have at least one system fan

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Identify the Parts of a System

Unit and Motherboard

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The Motherboard

The Main Circuit Board of the Computer

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 This system unit contains:

 The CPU or processor (under the cooling fan)

 The power supply

 Motherboard (mostly obscured by other

components)

 Memory

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Ports and Connectors

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Ports & Connectors

Connect Peripherals to the Motherboard

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• Most common ports:

 USB

 Firewire (IEEE 1394)

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Memory (Primary Storage)

Temporary Storage Holds Instructions & Data

 Types of memory used by computers:

 Random Access Memory (RAM):

• Volatile memory that holds the OS, programs, and data the computer is currently using

 Cache memory: Very fast memory used to store frequently accessed information; located close to the processor

• Level 1 (L1) – built into the processor

• Level 2 (L2) – built into the processor on new systems or on the motherboard near the processor on older ones

• Level 3 (L3) – a separate chip on the motherboard near the processor

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Compare Storage Devices

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List and Describe Common Input Devices

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Input Devices

Devices Used to Get Data into the Computer

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Input Devices

Devices Used to Get Data into the Computer

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 Digital cameras and webcams

 Optical scanners

 QR code readers

 Near field communication (NFC) devices

 Magnetic strip reader

 Biometric scanners

 Joysticks

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List and Describe Essential Video

and Audio Output Devices

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Video Output Devices

• Larger in size; mostly used with media center systems or in conference rooms

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Video Output Devices

Video Output Devices

Projectors

 Produce larger output

 More practical for presentations

 Examples:

 DLP (digital light processing) projectors

• Hundreds of thousands of tiny swiveling mirrors that create an image

• Higher contrast and deeper blacks

 LCD projector

• Pass light through a prism

• Poorer contrast and washed-out blacks

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Video Cards and Audio Output Devices

Video Cards

 Expansion cards that provide the data signal and connector for a monitor or projector

 The card can be integrated on the mother board or connected via:

Video Cards and Audio Output Devices

Compare Various Types of Printers

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 Inkjet printer

 Sprays droplets of ink onto paper

 Photo printer

 Prints high-quality photos

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 Heats specially coated heat-sensitive paper, which changes

color when heat is applied

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 Has built-in scanner, fax, copy, and print capabilities

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 Creates the model by building layers of material

• Dental and medical imaging

• Architecture

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Explain and Provide Examples

of Adaptive Technology

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Adaptive Technology

 Adaptive technology (also called assistive technology)

 Used by individuals with disabilities to interact with technology

 Includes both hardware and software

 Modern operating systems include accessibility settings

 Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)(1990 )

 Requires employers with 15 or more employees to make reasonable accommodations for disabled employees

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Adaptive Technology

Output Devices

 Standard monitors can be adapted by magnifying the screen

 Speech synthesis screen-reader software and audio alerts

 Closed captions and visual notifications

 Braille embossers translate text to Braille

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Discuss Communication Devices

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Communication Devices

Network Adapters, Modems, and Fax Devices

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 Function as both input and output devices

 Allow you to connect to other devices on a network or the Internet

 Connect a computer to a telephone line

 Used for dial-up Internet access

 Fax devices:

 Stand-alone, part of a multifunction device, or built into a modem

 Scan a document and convert it into digital format that can be transmitted over telephone lines

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