The Group Stage of Storming Techniques for Overcoming Resistance and Resolving Conflict The Group Stage of Norming... Time of conflict and anxiety When the group moves from pri
Trang 1Groups: A Counseling Specialty, 7e
Chapter 5
The Transition Period in a Group: Storming and Norming
Prepared by: Nathaniel N Ivers, Wake Forest
University
Trang 2 The Group Stage of Storming
Techniques for Overcoming Resistance and Resolving Conflict
The Group Stage of Norming
Trang 3 Time of conflict and anxiety
When the group moves from primary
tension (awkwardness about being in a
new situation) to secondary tension
(intragroup conflict) (Bormann, 1975)
Group members and leaders struggle with issues related to structure, direction,
control, catharsis, and interpersonal
relationships (Hershenson et al., 2003; Maples, 1988)
Trang 4 Each group experiences the storming process differently
A group’s development may be arrested in this stage by either dwelling on conflict or ignoring it
It is essential that group leaders help members recognize and deal with conflict, anxiety, and resistance (Gladding, 1994, Mahler, 1969).
Conflict resolution: Based on premise that
conflict is primarily negative
Conflict management: Based on the premise
that conflict can be beneficial
Trang 5Peer Relationships in Storming
Fears of losing control, being
misunderstood, looking foolish, or being rejected
Concern for power
Informational power
Influential power
Authoritative power
Trust among peers
Trang 6Resistance During Storming
Resistance: Any behavior that moves the group away from areas of discomfort,
conflict, or potential growth
Resistance appears to increase during the early part of the storming stage (Higgs, 1992)
Unprepared group leader may become
defensive when resistance occurs
Trang 7Common Forms of Resistance
Indirect
Intellectualization
Questioning
Advice Giving
Band-Aiding
Dependency
Monopolizing
Direct
Attacking the group leader
Trang 8Task Processing in Storming
Ways of accomplishing a specific goal
May regress during storming, as a great deal of attention is placed on personal
matters
Regression of task processing may result
in scapegoating
Trang 9Working through Storming
independent of a process observer
they are doing and what they think needs to
be done (Greason, 2011; Ponzo, 1991)
Formal feedback
Informal feedback
Use motivational interviewing
Trang 10Results of Working through
Storming
Cultivates a new dimension characterized
by members making emotional space for one another and being accommodating
Increases group members’ response
range, particularly around conflict
management
Trang 11Conflict Management Orientations
Competing
Accommodating
Collaborating
Avoiding
Compromising
Trang 12Norms and Norming
Norms
expectations about group members’ behaviors that should or should not take place (Forsyth, 2013)
“Group norms regulate the performance of the group as an organized unit” (Napier & Gershenfeld, 2004, p 101)
Group Norming
Feeling of “We-Ness,” identity, groupness, or cohesiveness that comes when individuals feel they belong to an association or organization larger than themselves
Trang 13Peer Relationships During Norming
Peer interactions are manifest through the following:
Identification
Here-and-now experiences
Hope
Cooperation
Collaboration
Cohesion
Trang 14Task Processes During Norming
Agreement on the establishment of norms,
or rules and standards from which to
operate the group
Prescriptive Norms
Proscriptive Norms
Commitment to the group as a whole, its rules, and to individual goals
Trang 15Promoting Norming
Can be promoted through actions by either the group leader or group members:
Supporting
Empathizing
Facilitating
Self-Disclosure
Trang 16Results of Norming
Prepares groups for the working stage of a group
Helps members feel connected with the
group and, therefore, allows them to
concentrate on being productive
Provides guidelines under which to operate
Helps group members feel good about
themselves and the group as a whole