E9 REVISION Period:66,67

DEFINITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSESĐịnh nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ A relative clause is used to form one sentence from two separate sentences by a relative bởi các đại từ quan hệ hay các trạng từ

School year : 2016 - 2017

RELATIVE CLAUSES

PERIOD : 66

I DEFINITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES

(Định nghĩa mệnh đề quan hệ)

A relative clause is used to form one sentence from two separate sentences by a relative

bởi các đại từ quan hệ hay các trạng từ quan hệ)

Eg: 1/ The men are angry 2/ The men are in this room.

These centences can also be writen as:

The men who are in this this room are angry

II USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS - (Cách dùng Đại từ quan hệ)

who Subject, peopleLàm chủ ngữ, đại diện ngôi người I told you about the woman who lives next door.

which

Subject, object; things

Làm chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ, đại diện ngôi đồ vật, động vật

Do you see the cat which is lying on the roof ?

whose Chỉ sở hữu cho người và vật Do you know the boy whose mother is a nurse ?

whom Object, peopleLàm tân ngữ, chỉ người I was invited by the professor whom I met at the conference.

that

Đại diện cho chủ ngữ chỉ người, vật, đặc biệt trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định (who, which vẫn có thê sử dụng được)

I don’t like the table that stands in the kitchen.

• WHICH:

• Eg: - The street which leads to my house is rather slippery (which làm chủ ngữ)

• Note: -Khi WHICH làm tân ngữ thì ta có thể lược bỏ đại từ which.

• The book I bought yesterday was very interesting.

• WHOSE: Là đại từ quan hệ chỉ sở hữu của người hay vật

• Eg: -The boy is Tom You borrowed his bicycle yesterday.

- John found a cat Its leg was broken.

• Cách dùng  WHOSE và OF WHICH

WHOSE: dùng cả cho người và vật

This is the book Its cover is nice

-> This is the book whose cover is nice

-> This is the book the cover of which is nice

WHOSE: đứng trước danh từ

OF WHICH: đứng sau danh từ (danh từ đó phải thêm THE)

OF WHICH: chỉ dùng cho vật, không dùng cho người

• Eg:

• This is the man His son is my friend.

-> This is the man the son of which is my friend (sai )

-> This is the man whose son is my friend (đúng )

• THAT can be used instead of the Who, Whom, Which the kind of Difining

relative Clause

• Eg:

Grammar practice:

ex:

Nga: This is the girl who lives near my house.

Mai:The students are kind They helped us

Nga:The students who helped us are kind.

Mai:The students are kind He talked to them last night.

Nga:The students (to) whom he talked (to ) last night are kind.

Mai:Those are the flowers The flowers (they) are very beautiful.

Nga: Those are the flowers which are very beautiful.

defining clause

*Relative pronoun:

the meanings for these nouns or noun phrases.

1. Who: N ( person) ( who + S )

2. Whom: N ( person) ( whom + V )

3. Which : N ( thing) ( which + S / V )

4. That : N (thing, person) ( that + S/V )

5. Whose ( whose + N )

Who, Whom, Which, That, Whose.

CONTEST

Questions for team 1

0 10

0 10

Question 2

0 10

0 10

0 10

CONTEST

Questions for team 2

0 10

0 10

0 10

0 10

Question 4

0 10

USE RELATIVE CLAUSES

a. Auld Lang Syne is a song Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year’s Eve.

b. This watch is a gift The watch was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birhtday

c. My friend Tom can compose songs Tom sings Western folk songs very well.

d We often go to the town cultural house The town cultural house always opens on public holidays.

e. I like reading books Books tell about different peoples and their cultures

f. On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses The roses were very sweet and beautiful

g. Judy liked the full-moon festival very much The festival is celebrated in mid-fall

h. Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends My friends come to stay with us during the Christmas

Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on New year’s Eve.

This watch is a gift which was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birthday

My friend Tom, who sings Western folk songs, very well can compose songs

We often go to the town cutural house, which always opens on public holidays

I like reading books which tell about different peoles and their cultures

On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses , which were very sweet and beautiful

Judy liked the full – moon festival very much ,which is celebrated in mid- fall

Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends, who come to stay with us during the Christmas.

- Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on early February.

b) This watch is the gift The watch was given by my aunt on 14th birthday

- This watch is the gift which was given to me by my aunt on 14th birthday.

c) My friend Tom can composes songs Tom sings Western folksongs very well,

- My friend Tom, who sings Western folksongs very well, can composes songs.

d) We often go to the town cultural house The town culture house always opens on public holidays

- We often go to the town cultural house, which always opens on public holidays

e) I like reading the books Books tell about different peoples and their cultures

- I like reading the books which tell about different peoples and their cultures

f) On my mom’s birthday, my dad gave her roses The roses were very sweet and beautiful

- On my mom’s birthday, my dad gave her roses which were very sweet and beautiful.

g) Judy likes the full moon festival The festival is celebrated in mid- fall very much

- Judy likes the full moon festival which is celebrated in mid- fall very much.

h) Tomorrow I will go to the airport to meet my friend My friends comes to stay with us during Christmas

- Tomorrow I will go to the airport to meet my friend, who comes to stay with us during Christmas.

a Auld Lang Syne is a song Auld Lang Syne is sung on New Year’s Eve.

b This watch is a gift The watch was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birhtday.

c My friend Tom can compose songs Tom sings Western folk songs very well.

d We often go to the town cultural house The town cultural house always opens on public holidays

e I like reading books Books tell about different peoples and their cultures.

f On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses The roses were very sweet and beautiful.

g Judy liked the full-moon festival very much The festival is celebrated in mid-fall.

h Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends My friends come to stay with us during the Christmas

Auld Lang Syne is a song which is sung on New year’s Eve.

This watch is a gift which was given to me by my aunt on my 14th birthday.

My friend Tom, who sings Western folk songs, very well can compose songs

We often go to the town cutural house, which always opens on public holidays

I like reading books which tell about different peoles and their cultures.

On my mom’s birthday my dad gave her roses , which were very sweet and beautiful.

Judy liked the full – moon festival very much ,which is celebrated in mid- fall .

Tomorrow I’ll go to the airport to meet my friends, who come to stay with us during the Christmas.

III USING THE RELATIVE ADVERBS

(Cách dùng các Trạng từ quan hệ)

when in/on which Đại diện cho cụm thời gian the day when we met him

There are three types of relative clauses

3 Serial relative clause

- Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp

1 Defining relative clause

– Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định

2 Non-defining relative clause

- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định

1 Defining relative clause:

Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là bộ phận quan trọng của câu, nếu bỏ đi mệnh đề chính không có nghĩa rõ ràng.

(Difining relative clause is used to modify the noun in front, is an important part of the sentence, if leaving it, the mean of sentence is not clear.)

Eg - The girl who is wearing the blue dress is my sister.

My mom who is standing behind my mom.

I am the boy who is wearing a white pull and dark blue trousers

is the woman who is sitting in an armchair / receiving the gift from the little girl.

S + be + the + N /N –phrase + who + be + V-ing ( + O )

Describe each of the people in the pictures Use relative clause.

I/ the boy/wear / a white T-shirt

I am the boy who is wearing a white T -shirt

Mom/ the woman / sit / an armchair

Mom is the woman who is sitting on an armchair

Linda / the girl / give / her mom / a gift

Linda is the girl who is giving her mom a gift Dad / the man / stand / Linda

Dad is the man who is standing behind Linda

Uncle John is the man who is wearing a pink jumper.

Grandmother / the woman / give / Jack / a gift.

Grandmother is the woman who is givingJack a gift.

Aunt Judy / the woman / hold / Jack

My Aunt Judy is the woman who is holding Jack.

Jack /the boy / sit / his mother’s lap

Jack is the boy who is sitting on his mother’s lap.

b) Which country won the 1998 Tiger Cup? ( Singapore )

which won the 1998 Tiger Cup is Singapore.

which has one or two horns on its snout

is rhinoceros.

who discovered America is Christopher

Columbus.

which is closest to the Earth is Venus.

Use your knowledge to answer the questions

- The animal …

g) Which ASEAN country is divided into two regions by the sea? ( Malaysia )

- The ASEAN country…

h) Which food you can chew but you cannot swallow and which one you can swallow but you cannot chew? ( chewing gum / water )

- The food…

which was chosen to be the logo of Sea Games

2003 in VN is buffalo.

which is divided into two regions

by the sea is Malaysia.

which we can chew but we cannot swallow is chewing gum and the food that you can swallow but you cannot chew is water.

RELATIVE CLAUSES

PERIOD : 67

My mom who is standing behind my mom.

I am the boy who is wearing a white pull and dark blue trousers

is the woman who is sitting in an armchair / receiving the gift from the little girl.

S + be + the + N /N –phrase + who + be + V-ing ( + O )

EX: likes playing guitar lives on Trang Tien Street Ba He

,who lives on Trang Tien Street, likes playing guitar.

Ex: Mrs Hoa is is wearing a blue dress.the woman She

who

Mrs Hoa is the woman is wearing a blue dress.

1 Lan is the girl She is sitting behind me.

2 This is Huong She is my close friend.

Lan is the girl who is sitting behind me.

This is Huong who is my close friend.

- Non-defining relative clause is used to modify the noun in front, a further explanation, if leaving it, the

mean of main clause is clear

- Non-defining relative clause is usually separated with defining relative clause by commas (,)

- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định dùng để bổ nghĩa cho danh từ đứng trước, là phần giải thích thêm, nếu

bỏ đi mệnh đề chính vẫn còn nghĩa rõ ràng.

- Mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thường được ngăn với mệnh đề chính bởi các dấu phẩy.

2 Non-defining relative clause

Eg

• My father, who is 50 years old , is a doctor.

• This girl, whom you met yesterday , is my daughter.

• Dalat, which I visited last summer , is very beautiful.

2 Non-defining relative clause

* Notes:

Để biết khi nào dùng mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định, ta lưu ý các điểm sau:

- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ riêng

- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một tính từ sở hữu (my, his, her, their)

- Khi danh từ mà nó bổ nghĩa là một danh từ đi với this, that, these, those

3 Serial relative clause

Mệnh đề quan hệ nối tiếp dùng để giải thích cả một câu, trường hợp này chỉ dùng đại từ

quan hệ which và dùng dấu phẩy để tách hai mệnh đề Mệnh đề này luôn đứng ở cuối câu.

Eg.

He admires Mr Brown, which surprises me

(Anh ấy ngưỡng môn ông Brown, điều này làm tôi ngạc nhiên)

Mary tore Tom’s letter, which made him sad

(Mary xé thư của Tom, khiến anh buồn.)

LƯỢT BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

Các đại từ quan hệ có chức năng tân ngữ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định đều có thể lược bỏ.

Không được bỏ đại từ quan hệ khi sau nó là 1 động từ hoặc trước nó là 1 giới

từ Muốn lược bỏ ta phải đưa giới từ về cuối mệnh đề.

1 The man whom you met yesterday is my uncle

ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ "whom" vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ xác định và sau nó là 1 mệnh đề.

2 The doctor who treated me told me not to worry

KHÔNG ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ vì sau nó là 1 động từ.

3 Miss White, whom I invited to my party, didn't come

KHÔNG ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ vì đây là mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định (có dấu phẩy)

4 The people with whom I went on holiday were very kind

KHÔNG ĐƯỢC BỎ đại từ quan hệ vì có giới từ đứng trước nó

V OMISSION RELATIVE PRONOUNS

LƯỢT BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

(There are four ways to reduce clause)

1 Using present participial phrases (Sử dụng hiện tại phân từ)

Bỏ đại từ quan hệ và trợ động từ, đưa động từ chính về nguyên mẫu rồi thêm –ing

WHO

WHICH + V + … V -ING + …

THAT

Eg.

The man who is sitting next to you is my uncle.

The man sitting to you is my uncle.

Do you know the boy who broke the windows last night?

 Do you know the boy breaking the windows last night?

VI REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

2 Using past participial phrase (Sử dụng cụm quá khứ phân từ)

Bỏ đại từ quan hệ, trợ động từ và bắt đầu cụm từ bằng past participle

WHO

WHICH + BE + V-ed/V3 + … V-ed/ V3 + …

THAT

Eg:

1 The books which were written by To Hoai are interesting.

 The books written by To Hoai are interesting.

2 The students who were punished by the teacher are lazy.

 The students punished by the teacher are lazy.

3 The house which is being built now belongs to Mr Pike.

 The house built now belongs to Mr Pike.

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

2 Using infinitive phrase (Sử dụng cụm từ nguyên mẫu)

Sau danh từ có bổ ngữ là the first/second , sau the last/ only và đôi khi sau so sánh nhất ta có thể thay thế bằng cụm từ nguyên mẫu

Eg:

1. He is the last man who left the ship

 He is the last man to leave the ship.

2 The only one who understood that problem was M.r Pike.

 The only one to understand that problem was M.r Pike.

3 Using noun phrases (Sử dụng cụm danh từ)

Mệnh đề quan hệ không xách định có cấu trúc

“ S + be + noun ” có thể được rút gọn bằng cách dùng cụm danh từ.

Eg:

1 George Washington, who was the first president of the United States , was a general in the army  George Washington, the first president of the United States , was a general in the army.

2 We visited Barcelona, which is a city in northern Spain

 We visited Barcelona, a city in northern Spain

VI REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES

RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

SUMMARY - Tóm tắt nội dung

II USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

III USING THE RELATIVE ADVERBS - CÁCH DÙNG CÁC TRẠNG TỪ QUAN HỆ

IV TYPES OF RELATIVE CLAUSES - CÁC LOẠI MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

V OMISSION OF RELATIVE PRONOUNS – LƯỢC BỎ ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

II USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

I DEFINITION OF RELATIVE CLAUSES – ĐỊNH NGHĨA MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ

II USING THE RELATIVE PRONOUNS- CÁCH DÙNG CÁC ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ

VII EXERCISE – BÀI TẬP

VI REDUCED RELATIVE CLAUSES – RÚT GỌN MỆNH ĐỀ QUAN HỆ