Tiếng anh chuyên ngành: INFINITIVES AND GERUNDS

INFINITIVES TYPES Full inf.: to do Bare inf.: do Present inf.: to do Present continuous inf.: to be doing Perfect inf. : to have done Perfect continuous inf.: to have been doing Present passive inf.: to be done Perfect passive inf.: to have been done

INFINITIVES

&

GERUNDS

INFINITIVES - TYPES

 Full inf.: to do

 Bare inf.: do

 Present inf.: to do

 Present continuous inf.: to be doing

 Perfect inf : to have done

 Perfect continuous inf.: to have been doing

 Present passive inf.: to be done

 Perfect passive inf.: to have been done

INFINITIVES - USES

 SUBJECTS

E.g.:

To drive slowly would be wiser.

To join that company seems hard to me.

 COMPLEMENTS

My hobby is to read books.

His task is to deal with customers’ complaints.

INFINITIVES - USES

 IMPERATIVES

Come in , please

Don’t smoke in the office.

Do come to our shop again.

INFINITIVES - USES

 AFTER VERBS (showing requests, obligations, reasoning…)

- want / need / would like (love, hate, prefer)

- consent / agree/ disagree / refuse

- force/ warn/ urge/ offer/ demand/ beg /tell/ ask/ make/

request/ order/ require/ command

- hope/ wish/ try/ manage/ attempt / prepare / tempt / fail /

volunteer

- intend/ plan/purpose/ arrange/

tend/aim/decide/choose/mean/

- promise/ swear/ undertake/determine/ induce

- enable/ unable/ teach/ train/ instruct/ learn/ help/assist

- pretend/ prove/ threaten/ promote/ encourage/ stimulate

- remind /invite/ expect/ forget/ remember

- turn out/ seem/ appear/ trouble/ bother/ hesitate

- Must / have to/ need/ ought to

- Would rather/ would sooner/ had better

- Used to

- Be going to

INFINITIVES - USES

 VERB + what/ when/ where/ why/ what time/

which/ whether /who/ how…+ inf.

- Learn/teach/show/ instruct

- Tell/ ask/ require/ order

- Wonder/ decide/ make up my mind

- Explain/ know/ find out/ discover

- Remember/ forget

 AFTER VERBS OF SENSE

- feel/ see / hear/ watch/ discover/ notice/ find

- suppose/ assume/ consider

- report/ announce/ inform

 IN SOME ABSOLUTE PHRASES

- To be honest/ To sum up/ To tell the truth

INFINITIVES - USES

 AFTER NOUNS

- chance/ opportunity/ wish

- request/ promise/ offer/ order/

- refusal/ effort/ intention/ attempt/ desire/ failure/ determination/ advice

- right/ ability/ ambition/ duty/ obligation/ task/ job/ plan/ decision

- eagerness/ willingness/ courage/ patience/

determination

INFINITIVES - USES

 AFTER ORDINALS AND SUPERLATIVES

- The first candidate to be chosen.

- The best engineer to fix the machine.

 TOO – ENOUGH

- Too old to get the post

- Not easy enough to learn

INFINITIVES - USES

 PURPOSES

-Full inf.

We study to expand the knowledge

-In order (not) to

Our Co joins the fair in order to introduce new products.

-So as (not) to

We should improve the quality so as not to lose more customers

INFINITIVES - USES

 AFTER ADJECTIVES

- Adj showing characters (brave/ generous/ mean/

nice/ rude/ selfish/ sensible/ clever…)

It is very kind of him to help me.

He is silly to invest in this project

- Adj showing feeling (happy/ glad/ sorry/ ready/ sure/ willing/ disappointed…)

I am pleased to hear that.

- Adj showing state (funny/ easy, necessary/

possible/ convenient/ hard…)

It is unsafe to drive at high speed

GERUNDS - TYPES

 Present gerund: doing

 Perfect gerund: having done

 Present passive gerund: being done

 Past passive gerund: having been done

GERUNDS - USES

• SUBJECT

Smoking is bad for health.

Investing in real estate is a wise decision.

• COMPLEMENT

Her like is watching TV.

Our main activities are processing and exporting seafood

incapable of…

GERUNDS - USES

 AFTER NOUNS (+ PREP.)

- attention to/ difficulty in/ advantage of/ success in/ dream of/ means of / way of/ opinion for

(against)/ sign of/ intention of/ habit of/

mechanism for…

E.g :There is no point in applying this approach.

It is no use (good) smoking.

They have the responsibility for training new

workers.

- They do not allow smoking in the office.

- He advises learning Chinese.

GERUNDS - USES

 AFTER PHRASAL VERBS

- stop from/ suspect of/ accuse of/ apologize for/ forgive for/ thank for/ insist on/ prevent from/

plan on/ succeed in/ approve of/ congratulate on/ complain of/ object to/ think of/ feel like/ save

from…

E.g.: We look forward to hearing from you soon.

GERUNDS - USES

 AFTER VERBS

- Showing likes and dislikes: love/ hate/ mind/

enjoy/ fancy/ prefer/ like/ dislike/ dread/ loathe/ can’t stand/ can’t help

- Showing process: start/ begin/ commence/ go

on/ keep on/ come on/ keep/ continue/ carry on/ delay/ postpone/ defer/ finish/ stop/ put off/ quit/ end up/ cease

GERUNDS - USES

 AFTER SOME DEFINITE VERBS

- admit/ risk/ try/ deny/ excuse/ practice/ recall/

appreciate/ forget/ remember/ imagine/ spend

time/ waste time/ regret/ miss/ understand/ save/ involve

GERUNDS - NOTES

 Excuse my/ me disturbing (lam mat yen tinh) you.

 Object (phan doi) to their/ them opening an account

 Approve of our/ us setting up company

 They do not understand my/ me advising

 My boss highly appreciates (danh gia) my/ me

working hard