Bài 12. Liên kết ion - Tinh thể ion

Cation Anion Hót nhau Liªn kÕt ion Tæng kÕt... Sè electron trong ion lµ.

11+ 11+ +

Na 1s22s22p63s1

Na+

1s22s22p6

+ 1e

VÝ dô: Sù t¹o thµnh ion Na + tõ nguyªn tö Na (Z=11)

Mg → Mg2+ + 2e

13+

Al → Al3+ + 3e

Cl (Z=17) O(Z=8)

8+

Cl + 1e → Cl- O + 2e → O2-

17+

Sù h×nh thµnh anION

11+ 17+

Sù t¹o thµnh liªn kÕt ion

II

ph©n tö NaCl

Na+ (2, 8) Na+ + Cl– → Cl– (2, 8, 8)

NaCl

Liªn kÕt ion

PTHH

Na + Cl2

1e 2

2

x

→ Na 2 +Cl

-Cl- (2, 8, 8) Cl- (2, 8, 8)

Mg2+ (2,8)

2

2

Mg + + 2Cl −  → MgCl

MgCl2

Liªn kÕt ion lµ liªn kÕt ® îc h×nh thµnh bởi lùc hót tÜnh

®iÖn gi÷a c¸c ion mang ®iÖn tÝch tr¸i dÊu

 Nguyªn tö kim lo¹i

 Nguyªn tö phi kim

Nh êng e NhËn e

Cation (ion d ¬ng) Anion (ion ©m)

 Liªn kÕt ion Cation

Anion

Hót nhau Liªn kÕt

ion

Tæng kÕt

26, 30, 24

A

B

C D

26, 30, 26

24, 30, 24

26, 30, 28

Sè proton, notron, electron trong ion

lµ

Fe 2+

56 26

26

A

B

C D

48 46

50

BiÕt S(Z=16), O(Z=8 ). Sè electron trong ion

lµ

SO 4

2-3 Cation M 2+ cã cÊu h×nh electron 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 CÊu

h×nh electron cña nguyªn tö M lµ:

1s 2 2s 2 2p 2

1s 2 2s 2 2p 2

1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2

1sA 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2

1s 2 2s 2 2p 4

1s 2 2s 2 2p 4

B

1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2

1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2

C D

4 Anion X 3s 2 3p 6 VÞ trÝ cña X trong b¶ng tuÇn hoµn lµ 2- cã cÊu h×nh electron líp ngoµi cïng lµ

Chu k× 3, nhãm VIA

Chu k× 3, nhãm VIA

A

Chu k× 4, nhãm IIA

Chu k× 4, nhãm IIAB

Chu k× 3, nhãm IVA

Chu k× 3, nhãm IVAC D

Chu k× 3, nhãm

VIIIA

Bµi tËp vÒ nhµ

Bµi 3, 4, 5, 6 SGK -Trang 60