TOPIC 4 TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION

Những tác động của tờ báo tới những mẩu truyện tranh Đáp án D.. Advances in printing technology Những tiến bộ trong công nghệ in ấn Chỉ có đáp án C là hợp lí vì chủ đề này được đề cập xu

Trang 1

TOPIC 4: TECHNOLOGY AND INVENTION EXERCISE 1: []

The modem comic strip started out as ammunition in a newspaper war between giants ofthe American press in the late nineteenth century The first full-color comic strip appeared inJanuary 1894 in the New York World, owned by Joseph Pulitzer The first regular weekly full-color comic supplement, similar to today’s Sunday funnies, appeared two years later, inWilliam Randolph Hearst’s rival New York paper, the Morning Journal

Both were immensely popular and publishers realized that supplementing the news withcomic relief boosted the sale of papers The Morning Journal started another feature in 1896,the “Yellow Kid”, the first continuous comic character in the United States, whose creator,

Richard Outcault, had been lured away from the World by the ambitious Hearst The “Yellow

Kid” Ayas in many ways a pioneer Its comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce that came

to characterize later strips, and it introduced the speech balloon inside the strip, usually placedabove the characters’ heads

The first strip to incorporate all the elements of later comics was Rudolph Dirks’s

“Katzenjammer Kids”, based on Wilhelm Busch’s Max and Moritz, a European satire of the

nineteenth century The “Kids” strip, first published in 1897, served as the prototype for

future American strips It contained not only speech balloons, but a continuous cast ofcharacters, and was divided into small regular panels that did away with the larger panoramicscenes of earlier comics

Newspaper syndication played a major role in spreading the popularity of comic stripsthroughout the country Though weekly colored comics came first, daily black-and-whitestrips were not far behind The first appeared in the Chicago American in 1904 It was

followed by many imitators, and by 1915 black-and-white comic strips had become a staple

of daily newspapers around the country

Question 1: In what order does the author discuss various comic strips in the passage?

A In the order in which they were created.

B From most popular, to least popular.

C According to the newspaper in which they appeared.

D In alphabetical order by title.

Question 2: According to the passage, the “Yellow Kid” was the first comic strip to do all of

the following EXCEPT .

A feature the same character in each episode B include dialogue inside a balloon

C appear in a Chicago newspaper D characterize city life in a humorous way Question 3: The word “prototype” is closest in meaning to .

Question 4: The word “staple” is closest in meaning to .

A new version B huge success C regular feature D popular edition Question 5: The word “incorporate” is closest in meaning to .

Trang 2

Question 6: Why does the author mention Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst?

A Their comic strips are still published today.

B They owned major competitive newspapers.

C They established New York’s first newspaper.

D They published comic strips about the newspaper war.

Question 7: The word “it” refers to .

Question 8: The passage suggests that comic strips were popular for which of the following

reasons?

A Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings.

B They were about real-life situations.

C Readers could identify with the characters.

D They provided a break from serious news stories.

Question 9: To say that Richard Outcault had been “lured away from” the World by Hearst

means which of the following?

A Hearst warned Outcault not to leave the World.

B Hearst convinced Outcault to leave the World.

C Hearst fired Outcault from the World.

D Hearst wanted Outcault to work for the World.

Question 10: What does the passage mainly discuss?

A The differences between early and modem comic strips.

B Features of early comic strips in the United States.

C The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories.

D A comparison of two popular comic strips.

ĐÁP ÁN

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án A.

Keywords: In what order

Câu này bắt buộc phải đọc qua nội dung bài, để ý những mốc thời gian tăng dần từ 1894,

1896, 1894, 1904, 1915 ta có thể dễ dàng chọn đáp án A In the order in which they were

created (Theo thứ tự mà chúng được ra đời)

Question 2: Đáp án C.

Keywords: the “Yellow Kid”, EXCEPT

Clue: Chúng ta tìm thông tin trong đoạn 2.

+ the “Yellow Kid”, the first continuous comic character in the United States ("Cậu Bé Vàng"

là nhân vật truyện tranh dài kì đầu tiên ở Mỹ) nghĩa là tập nào cũng xuất hiện nhân vật này

-Đáp án A feature the same character in each episode (trong mỗi tập đều xuất hiện cùng một

nhân vật) là thông tin đúng.

Trang 3

+ Its comic dialogue was the strictly urban farce (Những đoạn hội thoại của truyện là những

câu chuyện khôi hài châm biếm cuộc sống thành thị) — Đáp án D characterize city life in a

humorous way (mô tả cuộc sống thành thị với lối hài hước) là thông tin đúng.

+ and it introduced the speech balloon (Bộ truyện đã giới thiệu khung thoại hình bong bóng)

- Đáp án B include dialogue inside a balloon (bao gồm lời thoại bên trong hình bong bóng)

là đúng.

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án C appear in a Chicago newspaper (xuất hiện trên một tờ báo Chicago)

là không có thông tin trong bài

Question 3: Đáp án A.

prototype (n): nguyên mẫu

Đáp án A model (n): mẫu

Đáp án B story (n): câu chuyện

Đáp án C humor (n): khiếu hài hước

Đáp án D drawing (n): bản vẽ

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án A là phù hợp nghĩa.

staple (n): yếu tố chính/cơ bản/chuẩn mực

Đáp án A new version (bản mới)

Đáp án B huge success (thành công lớn)

Đáp án C regular feature (yếu tố cơ bản/thường kỳ)

Đáp án D popular edition (ấn phẩm phổ biến)

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án C là phù hợp nghĩa.

Ngoài ra ta có thể đoán nghĩa dựa trên câu gốc “The first strip to incorporate all the elements

of late comics was Rudolph Dirks’s “Katzenjammer Kids” (Loạt truyện đầu tiên kết hợp tất

cả yếu tố của truyện tranh gần đây là "Katzenjammer Kids " của Rudolph Dirks)

Question 6: Đáp án B.

Keywords: Joseph Pulitzer, William Randolph Hearst

Clue: The modem comic strip started out as ammunition in a newspaper war between giants

of the American press in the late nineteenth century (Truyện tranh hiện đại bùng nổ như là đạn dược của một cuộc chiến tranh giữa những gã khổng lồ của báo chí Mỹ trong những năm cuối thế kỷ XIX.)

Sau câu này, tác giả đề cập đến Joseph Pulitzer và William Randolph Hearst như là ví dụ choviệc họ sở hữu những tờ báo lớn của báo chí Mỹ mà trong đó mỗi tờ đều có chuyên mụctruyện tranh

Trang 4

Như vậy chọn B They owned major competitive newspapers (Họ sở hữu những tờ báo lớn

mang tính cạnh tranh).

Các đáp án còn lại đều sai hoặc không có thông tin

Question 7: Đáp án D.

Clue: “The “Yellow Kid” was in many ways a pioneer Its comic dialogue , and it

introduced ” ("Cậu Bé Vàng" ở nhiều phương diện chính là một bộ truyện tiên phong Những mẩu đối thoại hài hước của truyện , và bộ truyện đã giới thiệu ")

Từ “it” ở đây sẽ liên quan đến danh từ được nhắc đến trước đó Dựa vào nghĩa của cả đoạn tathấy đáp án D là đúng

Câu hỏi: “Đoạn văn đã cho thấy truyện tranh được phổ biến vì những lí do nào sau đây?”

Đáp án A Readers enjoyed the unusual drawings (Người đọc thích những bản vẽ khác

thường) — Sai, không có thông tin.

Đáp án B They were about real-life situations (Chúng nói về những tình huống thực tế trong

cuộc sống) - Sai, không phải lí do chính khiến cho truyện tranh được phổ biến.

Đáp án C Readers could identify with the characters (Người đọc có thể đồng cảm với các

nhân vật) - Sai, không có thông tin.

Đáp án D They provided a break from serious newsstories (Chúng đem lại sự giải lao từ

những tin tức quan trọng) - Đúng.

Vì sạo đáp án D đúng? Đoạn văn cho thấy sự bùng nổ của những mẩu truyện tranh mang ý

nghĩa rất lớn với ngành báo chí Nó không chỉ giúp thúc đẩy doanh số (đoạn 2) mà còn chiếmvai trò quan trọng, là một yếu tố không thể thiếu trong những tờ báo khắp cả nước (đoạn văncuối) Những tờ báo thường có những mẩu tin tức quan trọng và căng thẳng, chính sự hàihước của những mẩu truyện tranh đã khiến cho chúng được phổ biến trong những tờ báo

Keywords: lured away from

lure someone or something away (from someone or something): mời chào, thu hút ai/cái gì

Đáp án D mang sắc thái nghĩa hợp lí nhất.

Đáp án A The differences between early and modem comic strips (Sự khác biệt giữa truyện,

tranh ban đầu và truyện tranh hiện đại)

Đáp án B Features of early comic strips in the United States (Những đặc điểm của truyện

tranh ban đầu ở Mỹ)

Đáp án C The effects of newspapers on comic strip stories (Những tác động của tờ báo tới

những mẩu truyện tranh)

Đáp án D A comparison of two popular comic strips (Sự so sánh giữa hai loạt truyện nổi

tiếng)

Đoạn văn chủ yếu đề cập tới những đặc điểm của truyện tranh qua các thời kì Như vậy ta

chọn B.

Trang 5

7 Play a/an adj role in : giữ vai trò gì trong cái gì

8 Do away with something: thoát khỏi cái gì; gạt bỏ; thủ tiêu cái gì

9 Divide into (v): chia thành

10 Black-and-white (a): rõ ràng, minh bạch, trắng đen

EXERCISE 2: []

Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", thefilm has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent From the very beginning, music wasregarded as an indispensable accompaniment; when the Lumiere films were shown at the firstpublic film exhibition in the United States in February 1896, they were accompanied by pianoimprovisations on popular tunes At first, the music played bore no special relationship to thefilms; an accompaniment of any kind was sufficient Within a very short time, however, theincongruity of playing lively music to a solemn film became apparent, and film pianists began

to take some care in matching their pieces to the mood of the film

As movie theaters grew in number and importance, a violinist, and perhaps a cellist,would be added to the pianist in certain cases, and in the larger movie theaters smallorchestras were formed For a number of years the selection of music for each film programrested entirely in the hands of the conductor or leader of the orchestra, and very often theprincipal qualification for holding such a position was not skill or taste so much as theownership of a large personal library of musical pieces Since the conductor seldom saw thefilms until the night before they were to be shown (if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough

to see them then), the musical arrangement was normally improvised in the greatest hurry.

To help meet this difficulty, film distributing companies started the practice of publishingsuggestions for musical accompaniments In 1909, for example, the Edison Company beganissuing with their films such indications of mood as "pleasant", "sad", "lively" Thesuggestions became more explicit, and so emerged the musical cue sheet containingindications of mood, the titles of suitable pieces of music, and precise directions to showwhere one piece led into the next

Certain films had music especially composed for them The most famous of these early

special scores was that composed and arranged for D W Griffith's film Birth of a Nation,

which was released in 1915

Question 1: The passage mainly discusses music that was .

Trang 6

A performed before the showing of a film

B played during silent films

C recorded during film exhibitions

D specifically composed for certain movie theaters

Question 2: What can be inferred that the passage about the majority of films made after

1927?

A They were truly "silent".

B They were accompanied by symphonic orchestras.

C They incorporated the sound of the actors' voices.

D They corresponded to specific musical compositions.

Question 3: It can be inferred that orchestra conductors who worked in movie theaters needed

to

A be able to play many instruments B have pleasant voices

C be familiar with a wide variety of music D be able to compose original music Question 4: The word "them" in paragraph 2 refers to .

Question 5: According to the passage, what kind of business was the Edison Company?

A It produced electricity B It distributed films.

C It published musical arrangements D It made musical instruments.

Question 6: It may be inferred from the passage that the first musical cue sheets appeared

around

Question 7: Which of the following notations is most likely to have been included on a

musical cue sheet of the early 1900's?

A "Calm, peaceful" B "Piano, violin"

C "Key of C major" D.''Directed by D W Griffith's”

Question 8: The word "composed" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .

Question 9: The word "scores" in paragraph 4 most likely mean

C groups of musicians D musical compositions

Question 10: The passage probably continues with a discussion of .

A other films directed by D W Griffith

B famous composers of the early twentieth century

C silent films by other directors

D the music in Birth of a Nation

ĐÁP ÁN

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT

Trang 7

Clue: “Accustomed though we are to speaking of the films made before 1927 as "silent", the

film has never been, in the full sense of the word, silent From the very beginning, music was

regarded as an indispensable accompaniment.” (Dẫu cho những suy nghĩ quen thuộc khi chúng ta nói về phim trước năm 1927 là "'phim câm ", tuy vậy, chúng chưa từng thực sự "câm

" Ngay từ ban đầu, âm nhạc đã được coi là một yếu tố đi kèm không thể thiếu).

Sau đó toàn bộ đoạn văn tác giả nói về nhạc đệm được sử dụng trong phim ảnh, cụ thể lúc đó

Clue: “ the selection of music for each film program rested entirely in the hands of the

conductor or leader of the orchestra” (việc lựa chọn nhạc cho từng chương trình phim phụ thuộc hoàn toàn vào bàn tay của những người chỉ huy hoặc nhạc trưởng của dàn nhạc)

Như vậy, họ phải là những người quen với rất nhiều loại nhạc Chọn C.

Clue: “Since the conductor seldom saw the films until the night before they were to be shown

(if, indeed, the conductor was lucky enough to see them then!”

Trong cả câu chỉ đề cập đến việc nhạc trưởng xem những bộ phim, vì vậy từ “them” ở đây để

chỉ những bộ phim Ta chọn D.

Keywords: Edison Company

Clue: “film distributing companies started the practice of publishing suggestions for musical

accompaniments In 1909, for example, the Edison Company ” (những công ty phân phối phim bắt đầu thực hiện việc đề nghị xuất bản những bản nhạc đệm Vào năm 1909, ví dụ như công ty Edison )

“Edison Company” được nhắc đến như là một ví dụ của loại công ty này

Chọn B It distributed films (phân phối phim)

Clue: “In 1909 and so emerged the musical cue sheet containing indications of mood” (Vào

năm 1909 và vì vậy nên đã xuất hiện những bản nhạc chứa những biểu hiện tâm trạng)

Ta chọn B 1909.

Xem lại câu 6, ta thấy những bản nhạc đó có chứa những trạng thái cảm xúc Như vậy chỉ có

Trang 8

đáp A là phù hợp nhất.

Clue: “Certain films had music especially composed for them” (Nhiều phim có những bản

nhạc đặc biệt được soạn riêng) composed ở đây mang nghĩa là (nhạc) được soạn ra, tức là

được các nhạc sĩ sáng tác Đáp án D created là phù hợp nghĩa nhất.

Trước đó trong đoạn văn cuối đã nhắc đến “Certain films had music especially composed for

them.” Vì vậy từ “scores” được dùng mang hàm nghĩa “music composed for films” (nhạc được soạn cho những bộ phim)

Ta chọn D musical compositions (tác phẩm âm nhạc)

Dễ dàng nhận ra đoạn cuối đang nhắc đến nhạc phim cho phim “Bird of a Nation” Như vậy

hiển nhiên đáp án là D.

Trang 9

CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG

1 Score (n): phần nhạc cho phim, kịch

2 In the full sense of the word: đúng nghĩa

3 Indispensable (a): không thể thiếu được = necessary, essential

4 Emerge (v): hiện ra, xuất hiện = come out, appear (v)

5 Be adj enough to V: đủ để làm gì

6 Regard somebody/something as something: coi như, xem như ai/cái gì như là

7 Principal (a): chính, chủ yếu = primary, main

8 Meet difficulty: vấp phải khó khăn

9 Conductor (n): nhạc trưởng, người chỉ đạo, chỉ huy

10 Sufficient (a) = adequate (a): đủ

11 Orchestra (n): dàn nhạc

EXERCISE 3: []

The lack of printing regulations and the unenforceability of British copyright law in theAmerican colonies made it possible for colonial printers occasionally to act as publishers.Although they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books

as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe, printers in Philadelphia did publish workthat required only small amounts of capital, paper, and type Broadsides could be publishedwith minimal financial risk Consisting of only one sheet of paper and requiring smallamounts of type, broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works.Furthermore, the broadside format lent itself to subjects of high, if temporary, interest,enabling them to meet with ready sale If the broadside printer miscalculated, however, andproduced a sheet that did not sell, it was not likely to be a major loss, and the printer wouldknow this immediately There would be no agonizing wait with large amounts of capital tied

up, books gathering dust on the shelves, and creditors impatient for payment

In addition to broadsides, books and pamphlets, consisting mainly of political tracts,catechisms, primers, and chapbooks were relatively inexpensive to print and to buy.Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books, usually containing popular tales, ballads, poems,

short plays, and jokes, small, both in formal and number of pages, they were generally bound

simply, in boards (a form of cardboard) or merely stitched in paper wrappers (a sewn

antecedent of modern-day paperbacks) Pamphlets and chapbooks did not require fine paper

or a great deal of type to produce they could thus be printed in large, cost-effective editionsand sold cheaply

By far, the most appealing publishing investments were to be found in small books that had proven to be steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the

publisher They would not, by nature, be highly topical or political, as such publicationswould prove of fleeting interest Almanacs, annual publications that contained information onastronomy and weather patterns arranged according to the days, week, and months of a given

year, provided the perfect steady seller because their information pertained to the locale in

Trang 10

which they would be used.

Question 1: Which aspect of colonial printing does the passage mainly discuss?

A Laws governing the printing industry B Competition among printers

C Types of publications produced D Advances in printing technology

Question 2: According to the passage, why did colonial printers avoid major publishing

projects?

A Few colonial printers owned printing machinery that was large enough to handle major

projects

B There was inadequate shipping available in the colonies.

C Colonial printers could not sell their work for a competitive price.

D Colonial printers did not have the skills necessary to undertake large publishing

projects

Question 3: Broadsides could be published with little risk to colonial printers because they

A required a small financial investment and sold quickly

B were in great demand in European markets

C were more popular with colonists than chapbooks and pamphlets

D generally dealt with topics of long-term interest to many colonists

Question 4: The word "they" refers to

Question 5: The word "antecedent" is closest in meaning to

Question 6: Chapbooks produced in colonial America were characterized by

C elaborate decoration D a large number of pages

Question 7: The word "appealing" is closest in meaning to

A dependable B respectable C enduring D attractive

Question 8: What were "steady sellers"?

A Printers whose incomes were quite large

B People who traveled from town to town selling Books and pamphlets

C Investors who provided reliable financial support for new printers

D Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year

Question 9: The word "locale" is closest in meaning to

Question 10: All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT

A "Broadsides" B "catechisms" C "chapbooks" D "Almanacs"

ĐÁP ÁN

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án C.

Trang 11

Câu hỏi: Khía cạnh nào của việc in ấn thuộc địa mà đoạn văn chủ yếu đề cập?

Đáp án A Laws governing the printing industry (Bộ luật quản lí ngành công nghiệp in ấn) Đáp án B Competition among printers (Cạnh tranh giữa các nhà in)

Đáp án C Types of publications produced (Những loại ấn phẩm được sản xuất)

Đáp án D Advances in printing technology (Những tiến bộ trong công nghệ in ấn)

Chỉ có đáp án C là hợp lí vì chủ đề này được đề cập xuyên suốt đoạn văn, các đáp án còn lại

đều không thích hợp

Keywords: avoid major publishing projects

Clue: “ they rarely undertook major publishing project because it was difficult to sell books

as cheaply as they could be imported from Europe” ( họ hiếm khi nhận những dự án xuất bản lớn bởi sẽ rất khó để bán được sách rẻ như khi nhập về từ Châu Âu)

Như vậy chọn C Colonial printers could not sell their work for a competitive price (Nhà in

thuộc địa không thế bán với giá cạnh tranh)

Clue: “broadsides involved lower investments of capital than longer works enabling them to

meet with ready sale”

Chọn A required a small financial investment and sold quickly (chỉ cần khoản đầu tư tài

chính nhỏ và bán rất nhanh)

Clue: “Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books , they were generally bound simply” (Sách

bỏ túi là những cuốn sách có kích thước nhỏ , chúng thường được gói bọc đơn giản)

antecedent (n): tiền nhiệm, trước kia

Đáp án A predecessor (n): tiền nhiệm, trước kia

Clue: “Chapbooks were generally bound simply, in boards (a form of cardboard)” (Sách bỏ

túi được gói bọc đơn giản, trong những tấm bìa (một dạng bìa các tông))

Chọn B cardboard covers

appealing (a): hấp dẫn, thu hút, độc đáo

Đáp án A dependable (a): đáng tin cậy

Đáp án B respectable (a): đáng kính

Đáp án C enduring (a): lâu dài, vĩnh viễn

Đáp án D attractive (a): hấp dẫn, thu hút

Như vậy ta chọn D.

Trang 12

Clue: “ steady sellers, providing a reasonably reliable source of income for the publisher”

( những ấn phẩm bán ổn định, chúng cung cấp một nguồn về nguồn thu nhập hợp lí và đáng tin cậy cho các nhà xuất bản)

Chọn D Publications whose sales were usually consistent from year to year (những ấn phẩm

có lượng bán ra thường rất ổn định qua từng năm)

locale (n): nơi, địa điểm

Đáp án A topic (n): chủ đề

Đáp án B season (n): mùa

Đáp án C interest (n): mối quan tâm

Đáp án D place (n): nơi, địa điểm

+ “Chapbooks were pamphlet-sized books ” - Đáp án C.

+ “Almanacs, annual publications that contained information on astronomy and weatherpatterns ” -Đáp án D.

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án B catechisms không được định nghĩa trong bài.

Trang 13

1 Make it impossible for somebody to do something: làm cho ai đó không thể làm gì

2 Enable somebody to do something: làm cho ai đó có thể làm gì

3 Be likely + to V = be likely that + clause: có khả năng sẽ làm gì

4 Regulation (n) = rule: quy định, điều lệ

5 Enforceable (a): có thể đem thi hành (pháp lí)

6 Reasonably (adv) = sensibly = rationally: hợp lí

7 Capital (n): vốn

8 Immediately (adv) = at once, instantly: ngay lập tức

9 Appealing (a) = attractive: hấp dẫn, thu hút, độc đáo

EXERCISE 4: []

Millions of people are using cellphones today In many places, it is actually consideredunusual not to use one In many countries, cellphones are very popular with young people.They find that the phones are more than a means of communication - having a mobile phoneshows that they are cool and connected

The explosion in mobile phone use around the world has made some health professionalsworried Some doctors are concerned that in the future many people may suffer healthproblems from the use of mobile phones In England, there has been a serious debate about

this issue Mobile phone companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas.

They say that there is no proof that mobile phones are bad for your health

On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some peoplewho use mobile phones Signs of change in the tissues of the brain and head can be detectedwith modern scanning equipment In one case, a traveling salesman had to retire at young agebecause of serious memory loss He couldn't remember even simple tasks He would oftenforget the name of his own son This man used to talk on his mobile phone for about six hours

a day, every day of his working week, for a couple of years His family doctor blamed hismobile phone use, but his employer's doctor didn't agree

What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation

High-tech machines can detect very small amounts of radiation from mobile phones Mobile phonecompanies agree that there is some radiation, but they say the amount is too small to worryabout

As the discussion about their safety continues, it appears that it's best to use mobilephones less often Use your regular phone if you want to talk for a long time Use your mobilephone only when you really need it Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient,especially in emergencies In the future, mobile phones may have a warning label that saysthey are bad for your health So for now, it's wise not to use your mobile phone too often

Question 1: The most suitable title for the passage could be .

A “The Reasons Why Mobile Phones Are Popular”

B “Mobile Phones: A Must of Our Time”

Trang 14

C “The Way Mobile Phones Work”

D “Technological Innovations and Their Price”

Question 2: According to the passage, cellphones are especially popular with young people

because

A they make them look more stylish

B they are indispensable in every day communications

C they keep the users alert all the time

D they cannot be replaced by regular phones

Question 3: The changes possibly caused by the cellphones are mainly concerned with

A the mobility of the mind and the body B the resident memory

C the arteries of the brain D the smallest units of the brain

Question 4: According to the passage, what makes mobile phones potentially harmful is

A their radiant light B their power of attraction

C their raiding power D their invisible rays

Question 5: According to the writer, people should .

A never use mobile phones in all cases

B only use mobile phones in medical emergencies

C keep off mobile phones regularly

D only use mobile phones in urgent cases

Question 6: Doctors have tentatively concluded that cellphones may .

A damage their users’ emotions B cause some mental malfunction

C change their users’ social behaviours D change their users’ temperament

Question 7: The man mentioned in the passage, who used his cellphone too often, .

A suffered serious loss of mental ability B had a problem with memory

C abandoned his family D could no longer think lucidly

Question 8: The word "means" in the passage most closely means .

A method B expression C meanings D transmission Question 9: The word "potentially" in the passage most closely means .

A obviously B possibly C certainly D privately

Question 10: “Negative publicity" in the passage most likely means .

A information on the lethal effects of cellphones

B the negative public use of cellphones

C widespread opinion about bad effects of cellphones

D poor ideas about the effects of cellphones

ĐÁP ÁN

Trang 15

Bài đọc đề cập đến hai mặt của một vấn đề: sự hữu ích của điện thoại di động và những tác

hại của nó gây ra với con người Như vậy chỉ có đáp áp B “Technological Innovations and

Their Price” (Những cách tân công nghệ và cái giá của chúng) là đúng.

Keywords: popular, young people

Clue: “ having a mobile phone shows that they are cool and connected” (Có điện thoại di

động thể hiện rằng họ phong cách và luôn được kết nối)

cool (a) ~ fashionable (a) ~ stylish (a): phong cách, kiểu cách, thời trang

Như vậy chọn A they make them look more stylish (Chúng giúp họ trông thời trang, phong

cách hơn)

Keywords: The changes

Clue: “On the other hand, medical studies have shown changes in the brain cells of some

people who use mobile phones” (Mặt khác, những nghiên cứu y học đã chỉ ra những thay đổi trong tế bào não của những người sử dụng điện thoại di dộng)

brain cells = the smallest units of the brain (tế bào não)

Như vậy chọn D.

Keywords: makes mobile phones potentially harmful

Clue: “What is it that makes mobile phones potentially harmful? The answer is radiation.”

(Điều gì khiến cho điện thoại di động có khả năng tiềm ẩn những mối nguy hại? Câu trả lời

là sự bức xạ)

Đáp án D their invisible rays (những tia không nhìn thấy) chính là đề cập đến bức xạ.

Clue: “ Mobile phones can be very useful and convenient, especially in emergencies” (Điện

thoại di động có thể trở nên cực kì hữu ích và thuận tiện, nhất là trong những trường hợp khẩn cấp)

emergencies = urgent cases (n): những trường hợp khẩn cấp

Như vậy chỉ có đáp D là đúng, các đáp án khác đều không hợp lí.

Những ảnh hưởng của việc sử dụng điện thoại di động được đề cập ở đoạn thứ 3, nói về mộtngười đàn ông sử dụng điện thoại di động để nói chuyện 6 tiếng một ngày, gây nên những ảnhhưởng nghiêm trọng về mặt thần kinh như mất trí nhớ, không thể làm những công việc đơngiản, quên tên con trai mình

Như vậy ta có thể chọn ngay đáp án B cause some mental malfunction (gây ra suy giảm chức

năng thần kinh)

Làm xong câu 6 ta có thể chọn ngay đáp án câu này Người đàn ông được đề cập trong đoạn

văn mắc chứng mất trí nhớ Ta chọn B had a problem with memory (mắc vấn đề về trí nhớ)

Trang 16

potentially: có khả năng; tiềm năng.

Đáp án A obviously: rõ ràng, hiển nhiên.

Đáp án B possibly: có lẽ, có thể, có khả năng.

Đáp án C certainly: tất nhiên, dĩ nhiên

Đáp án D privately: riêng tư, cá nhân, kín đáo.

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án B là phù hợp nghĩa.

Keywords: Negative publicity

Clue: “ In England, there has been a serious debate about this issue Mobile phone

companies are worried about the negative publicity of such ideas.” ( Ở Anh đã dấy lên một cuộc tranh cãi lớn về vấn đề này Các công ty điện thoại di động rất lọ lắng về quan điểm tiêu cực của dư luận về những ý kiến đó)

Như vậy các công ty lo lắng về “negative publicity”, trong văn cảnh nghĩa là việc công chúng

biết đến những mặt tiêu cực hoặc ảnh hưởng xấu Ta chọn C widespread opinion about bad

effects of cellphones.(làn sóng quan điểm về những tác động xấu của điện thoại di động)

Trang 17

1 Brain cells: tế bào não

2 Suffer from/with/for something: mắc phải, chịu đựng cái gì

3 Debate (n): cuộc tranh luận

4 Detect (v): tìm, dò ra, khám phá ra

5 Radiation (n): bức xạ

6 Emergency (n): trường hợp khẩn cấp.

7 Harmful (a): có hại >< harmless (a): vô hại

8 Innovation (n): sự đổi mới, cách tân

9 Potentially (adv): có khả năng, tiềm năng.

EXERCISE 5: []

In the last third of the nineteenth century a new housing form was quietly beingdeveloped In 1869 the Stuyvesant, considered New York’s first apartment house was built onEast Eighteenth Street The building was financed by the developer Rutherfurd Stuyvesantand designed by Richard Morris Hunt, the first American architect to graduate from the Ecoledes Beaux Arts in Paris Each man had lived in Paris, and each understood the economics andsocial potential of this Parisian housing form But the Stuyvesant was at best a limited

success In spite of Hunt’s inviting façade, the living space was awkwardly arranged Those who could afford them were quite content to remain in the more sumptuous, single-family

homes, leaving the Stuyvesant to newly married couples and bachelors

The fundamental problem with the Stuyvesant and the other early apartment buildingsthat quickly followed, in the 1870’s and early 1880’s was that they were confined to thetypical New York building lot That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet deep -

a shape perfectly suited for a row house The lot could also accommodate a rectangular

tenement, though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that

great apartment buildings require But even with the awkward interior configurations of theearly apartment buildings, the idea caught on It met the needs of a large and growingpopulation that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not wantrow houses

So while the city’s newly emerging social leadership commissioned their mansions,apartment houses and hotels began to sprout in multiple lots, thus breaking the initial spaceconstraints In the closing decades of the nineteenth century, large apartment houses begandotting the developed portions of New York City, and by the opening decades of the twentiethcentury, spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tightconfinement of row house building lots From there it was only a small step to building luxuryapartment houses on the newly created Park Avenue, right next to the fashionable FifthAvenue shopping area

Question 1: The new housing form discussed in the passage refers to

A single-family homes B apartment buildings

Trang 18

C row houses D hotels

Question 2: The word “inviting” in line 7 is closest in meaning to

Question 3: Why was the Stuyvesant a limited success?

A The arrangement of the rooms was not convenient.

B Most people could not afford to live there.

C There were no shopping areas nearby.

D It was in a crowded neighborhood.

Question 4: The word “sumptuous” in line 8 is closest in meaning to

Question 5: It can be inferred that the majority of people who lived in New York’s first

apartments were

A highly educated B unemployed C wealthy D young

Question 6: It can be inferred that the typical New York building lot of the 1870’s and 1880’s

looked MOST like which of the following?

Question 7: It can be inferred that a New York apartment building in the 1870’s and 1880’s

had all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:

A Its room arrangement was not logical B It was rectangular.

C It was spacious inside D It had limited light.

Question 8: The word “yield” in line 14 is closest in meaning to

Question 9: Why did the idea of living in an apartment become popular in the late 1800’s?

A Large families needed housing with sufficient space.

B Apartments were preferable to tenements and cheaper than row houses

C The city officials of New York wanted housing that was centrally located.

D The shape of early apartments could accommodate a variety of interior designs.

Question 10: The author mentions the Dakota and the Ansonia in line 22 because

A they are examples of large, well-designed apartment buildings

B their design is similar to that of row houses

C they were built on a single building lot

D they are famous hotels

ĐÁP ÁN

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án B.

Trang 19

Đọc đoạn văn ta có thể dễ dàng nhận thấy tác giả chủ yếu đề cập tới hình thức nhà ở mới: đó

là sự xuất hiện của những căn hộ cao cấp Ta chọn B.

inviting (a): thu hút, mời gọi, hấp dẫn = attractive (a)

Keywords: Stuyvesant, a limited success

Clue: “In spite of Hunt’s inviting façade, the living space was awkwardly arranged.” (Thay vì

mặt tiền hấp dẫn của Hunt, nơi sống lại được bố trí rất vụng về)

Như vậy có thể thấy những phòng ở Stuyvesant bố trí không hợp lí, không thuận tiện

Chọn A The arrangement of the rooms was not convenient (Cách bố trí phòng không thuận

tiện)

sumptuous (a): xa hoa, lộng lẫy

Đáp án A luxurious (a): xa hoa, lộng lẫy

Clue: “…leaving thei Stuyvesant to newly married couples and bachelors” ( bỏ lại

Stuyvesant chọ những cặp đôi mới cưới và những cử nhân)

Như vậy những người sống trong khu chung cư đầu tiên của New York (Stuyvesant) chủ yếu

là những ngườỉ trẻ

Chọn D.

Keywords: New York building lot of the 1870’s and 1880’s

Clue: “That lot was a rectangular area 25 feet wide by 100 feet” (Lô đất đó hình chữ nhật

với chiều rộng 25 feet và chiều dài 100 feet)

Như vậy chỉ hình D là khớp với mô tả.

Clue: “ though it could not yield the square, well-lighted, and logically arranged rooms that

great apartment buildings require” ( mặc dù nó không thể mang lại những căn phòng vuông vức, ánh sáng đầy đủ và và sự bố trí hợp lí mà một căn hộ cao cấp yêu cầu)

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án C là không được đề cập.

yield (v): mang lại = provide (v)

Clue: “But even with the awkward interior configurations of the early apartment buildings,

the idea caught on It met the needs of a large and growing population that wanted something better than tenements but could not afford or did not want row houses.” (Nhưng ngay cả với

Trang 20

cách bày trí nội thất vụng về của những căn hộ cao cấp ban đầu, ý tưởng sống ở đó vẫn phổ biến Nó đáp ứng nhu cầu việc số lượng lớn và ngày càng gia tăng người dân muốn cái gì đó tốt hơn chung cư nhưng lại không có điều kiện trả hoặc không muốn nhà liên kết)

Như vậy lí do sống ở căn hô phổ biến ở cuối những năm 1800 là B Apartments were

preferable to tenements and cheaper than row houses (Căn hộ thì thích hợp hơn là chung cư

và rẻ hơn nhà liên kết)

Keywords: Dakota and the Ansonia

Clue: “ spacious buildings, such as the Dakota and the Ansonia finally transcended the tight

confinement of row house building lots From there it was only a small step to building luxury apartment houses.” ( những tòa nhà rộng rãi, như là "Dakota and the Ansonia" cuối cùng cũng vượt ra khỏi sự kìm hãm của những tòa nhà liên kết Từ đây thì chỉ một bước nhỏ nữa thôi là có thể xây dựng những căn hộ lộng lẫy.)

Như vậy “Daktoa and the Ansonia” là ví dụ của những căn hộ cao cấp rộng lơn, thiết kế đẹp

Chọn A.

Trang 21

1 Sumptuous (a) = luxurious: xa hoa, lộng lẫy

2 Inviting (a) = attractive: thu hút, mời gọi, hấp dẫn

3 Apartment (n): căn hộ

4 Tenement (n): chung cư

5 Row house (n): nhà liên kết, ngôi nhà trong dãy nhà cùng kiểu

own right dates from the early 1600's, when it first became standard in Italian opera

orchestras Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII

of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vinq-quatre violons du Roy (The King's 24 Violins'), which was to become widely famous later in the century.

In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact thatthe strings were thick and were attached to the body of the instrument very loosely During theeighteenth and nineteenth century, exciting technical changes were inspired by such

composer-violinists as Vivaldi and Tartini Their instrumental compositions demanded a

fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone that was produced by using thinner strings and a farhigher string tension Small changes had to be made to the violin's internal structure and to the

fingerboard so that they could withstand the extra strain Accordingly, a higher standard of

performance was achieved, in terms of both facility and interpretation Left-hand techniquewas considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the fingerboard were developedfor very high notes

Question 1: The word "standard" is closest in meaning to .

Question 2: "The King’s 24 Violins" is mentioned to illustrate .

A the competition in the 1600's between French and Italian orchestras

B how the violin became a renowned instrument

Trang 22

C the superiority of French violins

D why the violin was considered the only instrument suitable to be played by royalty Question 3: What is the main idea presented in paragraph 3?

A The violin is probably the best known and most widely distributed musical instrument

in the world

B The violin has been modified to fit its evolving musical functions.

C The violin had reached the height of its popularity by the middle of the eighteenth

century

D The technique of playing the violin has remained essentially the same since the 1600's Question 4: The author mentions Vivaldi and Tartini in paragraph 3 as examples of

composers whose music

A inspired more people to play the violin

B had to be adapted to the violin

C demanded more sophisticated violins

D could be played only by their students

Question 5: The word "they" in paragraph 3 refers to .

A Civaldi and Tartini B internal structure and fingerboard

C thinner strings and a higher string tension D small changes

Question 6: The word "strain" is closest in meaning to .

Question 7: The word "Accordingly" is closest in meaning to .

A However B Nevertheless C Consequently D Ultimately

Question 8: According to the passage, early violins were different from modern violins in

that early violins

C were easier to play D broke down more easily

Question 9: According to the passage, which of the following contributes to a dull sound

being produced by a violin?

C High string tension D Thick strings

Question 10: All of the following are mentioned in the passage as contributing to the ability

to play modem violin music EXCEPT

A use of rare wood for the fingerboard and neck

B different ways to use the fingers to play very high notes

C more complicated techniques for the left hand

D minor alterations to the structure of the instrument

ĐÁP ÁN

Trang 23

standard (a): tiêu chuẩn, thông thường

Đáp án A practical (a): thiết thực

Đáp án B customary (a): thông thường

Đáp án C possible (a): hợp lí, có thể thực hiện được

Đáp án D unusual (a): khác thường

Như vậy có đáp án B gần nghĩa nhất

Keywords: The King’s 24 Violins

Clue: “Its stature as an orchestral instrument was raised further when in 1626 Louis XIII of France established at his court the orchestra known as Les vinq-quatre violons du Roy (The

King's 24 Violins’), which was to become widely famous later in the century.” (Tầm cỡ của

nó với vị trí là một nhạc cụ cho dàn nhạc được nâng cao hơn vào năm 1626 khi vua Louis XIII của nước Pháp thành lập một dàn nhạc tại cung điện của mình gọi là Les vinq- quatre violons du Roy, mà về sau trở nên nổi tiếng rộng rãi)

Như vậy The King’s 24 Violins được đề cập mục đích để minh họa cho việc violion trở thành

một nhạc cụ nổi tiếng như thế nào Đáp án B là đúng.

Keywords: main idea, paragraph 3

Đoạn văn nói về quá trình thay đổi của violin Những từ để nhận biết: “In its early history”,

“During the eighteenth and nineteenth century”, “Small changes”

Ta chọn đáp án B The violin has been modified to fit its evolving musical functions (Violin

đã được sửa đổi để phù hợp với chức năng âm nhạc ngày càng phát triển của nó)

Keywords: Vivaldi, Tartini, paragraph 3

Clue: “Their instrumental compositions demanded a fuller, clearer, and more brilliant tone

that was produced by using thinner strings and a far higher string tension.” (Những nhạc phẩm của họ đòi hỏi giai điệu đầy đủ, rõ ràng và du dương hơn được tạo ra bằng việc sử dụng dây đàn mỏng hơn và căng hơn)

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án C demanded more sophisticated violins (yêu cầu những điệu violin

tinh vi hơn) là phù hợp để chỉ về nhạc phẩm của họ.

Keywords: they, paragraph 3

Clue: “Small changes had to be made to the violin's internal structure and to the fingerboard

so that they” (Cần thực hiện vài thay đổi nhỏ tới cấu trúc bên trong và bàn phím của violin để chúng )

Trang 24

Accordingly (adv): do đó, vì vậy, cho nên

Đáp án A However (adv): tuy nhiên

Đáp án B Nevertheless (adv): tuy nhiên, tuy vậy mà

Đáp án C Consequently (adv): do đó, vì vậy, cho nên

Đáp án D Ultimately (adv): cuối cùng

Ta chọn đáp án C.

Clue: “In its early history, the violin had a dull and rather quiet tone resulting from the fact

that the strings were thick” (Trong lịch sử ban đầu của nó, violin có một giai điệu buồn tẻ và

khá yên tĩnh, bởi thực tế dây đàn rất mỏng)

Đây chính là điểm khác biệt giữa violin ban đầu và violin hiện đại Violin ban đầu cho ra

những giai điệu êm và dịu hơn Ta chọn B.

Xem lại câu 8

Clue:

+ “Small changes had to be made to the violin's internal structure ” - Đáp án D.

+ "Left-hand technique was considerably elaborated, and new fingering patterns on the

fingerboard were developed for very high notes.” - Đáp án B, C.

Như vậy ta chọn A.

Trang 25

6 Symphony orchestra (n): dàn nhạc giao hưởng

7 Dull (a): chán ngắt, buồn tẻ

8 Elaborate (a): tỉ mì, kĩ lưỡng, công phu, tinh vi, phức tạp

EXERCISE 7: []

The word laser was coined as an acronym for Light Amplification by the Stimulated

Emission of Radiation Ordinary light, from the Sun or a light bulb, is emitted spontaneously,when atoms or molecules get rid of excess energy by themselves, without any outside

intervention Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom or molecule holding onto excess energy has been stimulates to emit it as light.

Albert Einstein was the first to suggest the existence of stimulated emission in a paperpublished in 1917 However, for many years physicists thought that atoms and moleculesalways were much more likely to emit light spontaneously and that stimulates emission thusalways would be much weaker It was not until after the Second World War that physicistsbegan trying to make stimulated emission dominate They sought ways by which one stomp

or molecule could stimulate many others to emit light, amplifying it to much higher powers.The first to succeed was Charles H Townes, then at Columbia University in New York.Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves, which have a muchlonger wavelength, and built a device called a “maser,” for Microwave Amplification by theStimulated Emission of Radiation Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the fiat maserwas not complete until a couple of years later Before long, many other physicists werebuilding masers and trying to discover how to produce stimulated emission at even shortedwavelengths

The key concepts emerged about 1957 Townes and Arthur Schawlow, then at Bell Telephone Laboratories, wrote a long paper outlining the conditions needed to amplify

stimulated emission of visible light waves At about the same time, similar ideas crystallized

in the mind if Gordon Gould, then a 37-years-old graduate student at Columbia, who wrotethem down in a series of notebook Townes and Schawlow published their ideas in a scientificjournal, Physical Review Letters, but Gould files a patent application Three decades later,people still argue about who deserved the credit for the concept of the laser

Question 1: The word “coined” in line I could best be replaced by

A created B mentioned C understood D discovered

Question 2: The word “intervention” in the first paragraph can best be replaced by

Trang 26

Question 3: The word “it” in the last line of the first paragraph refers to

Question 4: Which of the following statements best describes a laser?

A A device for stimulating atoms and molecules to emit light.

B An atom in a high-energy state

C A technique for destroying atoms or molecules

D An instrument for measuring light waves

Question 5: Why was Townes’ early work with stimulated emission done with microwaves?

A He was not conversed with light amplification

B It was easier to work with longer wavelengths

C His parents Schawlow had already begun work on the laser

D The laser had already been developed

Question 6: In his research at Columbia University, Charles Townes worked with all of the

following EXCEPT

Question 7: In approximate what year was first maser built?

Question 8: The word “emerged” in paragraph 4 is closet in meaning to

A increased B concluded C succeeded D appeared

Question 9: The word “outlining” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to

Question 10: Why do people still argue about who deserves the credit for the concept of the

laser?

A The researchers notebooks were lost

B Several people were developing the idea at the same time

C No one claimed credit for the development until recently

D The work is still incomplete

ĐÁP ÁN

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT Question 1: Đáp án A.

coined: được đặt ra, tạo ra

Đáp án A created: được tạo ra

Đáp án B mentioned: được đề cập

Đáp án C understood: được hiểụ là

Đáp án D discovered: được khám phá ra, phát hiện ra

Trang 27

Như vậy chỉ có đáp án A là phù hợp nghĩa.

Từ “it” để chỉ danh từ được đề cập ở trước đó, ở đây cụ thể là “energy”

Clue: Stimulated emission is different because it occurs when an atom or molecule holding

onto excess energy has been stimulates to emit it as light (Phát xạ kích thích khác bởi nó xảy

ra khi một nguyên tử hay phân tử giữ năng lượng dư thừa được kích thích để phát nguồn năng lượng ra dưới dạng ánh sáng)

Xem lại câu 3

Clues: “Instead of working with light, however, he worked with microwaves, which have a

much longer wavelength” (Thay vì làm việc với ánh sáng, ông làm việc với lò vi sóng, cái mà

có bước sóng dài hơn rất nhiều) Cũng chính vì có bước sóng dài horn mà Townes dễ dàng

Clue: “Although he thought of the key idea in 1951, the fiat maser was not complete until a

couple of years later” (Mặc dù ông ta nghĩ ra những ý tưởng quan trọng vào năm 1951, fiat maser một vài năm sau đó mới được hoàn thành)

Đáp án C 1953 là gần nhất và phù hợp nhất.

emerge (v): xuất hiện

Đáp án A increased: gia tăng

Đáp án A assigning: phân công

Đáp án B studying: nghiên cứu

Trang 28

Đáp án C checking: kiểm tra

Đáp án D summarizing: tổng kết

Như vậy chọn D.

Clue: “At about the same time, similar ideas crystallized in the mind if Gordon Gould, then a

37-years-old graduate student at Columbia, who wrote them down in a series of notebook.Townes and Schawlow published their ideas in a scientific journal, Physical Review Letters,but Gould files a patent application.”

Như vậy có thể thấy có rất nhiều người đã xây dựng ý tưởng cùng một lúc, vì vậy nên người

ta vẫn còn tranh cãi xem ai xứng đáng nhận công trạng cho khái niệm laser Chọn đáp án B.

Trang 29

5 Outline (v) = summarize: tổng kết, tổng hợp lại

6 Spontaneously (adv): một cách tự nhiên

7 Wavelength (n): bước sóng (vật lí)

8 Amplify (v): mở rộng, bàn rộng

9 Crystallize (v): kết tinh

EXERCISE 8: []

Scientists have developed a new bionic computer chip that can be mated with human

cells to combat disease The tiny device, smaller and thinner than a strand of hair, combines a

healthy human cell with an electronic circuitry chip Doctors can control the activity of thecell by controlling the chip with a computer

It has long been established that cell members become permeable when exposed toelectrical impulses Researchers have conducted genetic research for years with a trial-and-

error process of bombarding cells with electricity in an attempt to introduce foreign

substances such as new drug treatments or genetic material They were unable to apply aparticular level of voltage for a particular purpose With the new invention, the computer

sends electrical impulses to the chip, which trigger the physicians to open a cell’s pores with

control

Researchers hope that eventually they will be able to develop more advanced chips

whereby they can choose a particular voltage to activate particular tissues, whether they be

muscle, bone, brain, or others They believe that they will be able to implant multiple chips

into a person to deal with one problem or more than one problem

Question 1: The word strand in the second sentence is closest in meaning to

Question 2: The author implies that scientists are excited about the new technology because

A it is possible to kill cancer with a single jolt.

B It is less expensive than current techniques.

C It allows them to be able to shock cells for the first time.

D It is more precise than previous techniques.

Question 3: The word eventually in the third paragraph is closest in meaning to

A in the future B especially C possibly D finally

Question 4: The author implies that up to now, the point of applying electric impulse to cells

was to

A open their walls to introduce medication B kill them

Trang 30

Question 5: The word bombarding in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

A influencing B receiving C barraging D testing

Question 6: The author states that scientists previously were aware that

A electric impulses could affect cells

B electric charges could harm a person

C cells interact with each other through electrical charges

D they could control cells with a separate computer

Question 7: The word they in the first sentences of the third paragraph refers to

Question 8: The author indicates that it is expected doctors will be able to

A place more than one chip in a single person

B place one large chip in a person to control multiple problems

C place a chip directly inside a cell

D place a chip inside a strand of hair

Question 9: The word others in the third paragraph refers to other

Question 10: The word triggers in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to

Clue: “Doctors can control the activity of the cell by controlling the chip with a computer.”

(Bác sĩ có thể điều khiển hoạt động của tế bào bằng việc điều khiển con chip trên máy tính)

Đọc bài ta sẽ thấy các nhà khoa học hứng thú với công nghệ mới bởi nó chính xác hơn nhữngcông nghệ trước đó Cụ thể hơn, giờ đây bác sĩ có thể tự can thiệp và tham gia vào điều khiển

hoạt động của tế bào Chọn D

eventually (adv): cuối cùng

Đáp án A in the future: trong tương lai

Trang 31

Clue: “With the new invention, the computer sends electrical impulses to the chip, which

triggers the physicians to open a cell’s pores with control” (Với phát minh mới này, máy tính

có thể gửi lệnh xung điện tới con chip, khiến bác sĩ có thể mở lối vào tế bào với quyền kiểm soát của mình)

Như vậy chọn A open their walls to introduce medication (để mở các thành tế bào để đưa

Clue: “It has long been established that cell members become permeable when exposed to

electrical impulses” (Từ lâu giới khoa học đã nhận biết được rằng các tế bào trở nên bị thẩm thấu khi tác động bởi xung điện)

Như vậy chọn A electric impulses could affect cells (xung điện có thể ảnh hưởng đến các tế

Clue: “ they can choose a particular voltage to activate particular tissues, whether they be

muscle, bone, brain, or others” (họ có thể lựa chọn điện áp cụ thể để kích hoạt các mô định trước, có thể là cơ, xương, não hoặc các mô khác)

Định dạng
Số trang	62
Dung lượng	819 KB