Hệ thống treoTOYOTA

n Types and Characteri stics 1 Trailing arm type with torsion beam 2 Parallel leaf spring type 3 Leading arm type with lateral rod, trailing arm type with lateral rod 4 4-link type... n

TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC SƯ PHẠM KỸ THUẬT TP.HCM

KHOA CƠ KHÍ ĐỘNG LỰC

HƯ thèng treo

SUSPENSION

SYSTEM

Suspension arm

Lower armShock absorber

Oscillation

and Driving Comfort

Oscillation

and Driving Comfort

Oscillation

and Driving Comfort

3.Oscillation of unsprung

(2) Tramping

(3) Wind-up

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(1) Rigid axle suspension (2) Independent suspension

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(1) Rigid axle suspension (2) Independent suspension

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(1) Rigid axle suspension (2) Independent suspension

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(1) Trailing arm type with torsion beam

(2) Parallel leaf spring type

(3) Leading arm type with lateral rod, trailing arm type with lateral rod

(4) 4-link type

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(1) Trailing arm type with torsion beam

Trailing arm Torsion beam

Stabilizer bar

No lift-up

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(2) Parallel leaf spring type

Rear axle

Leaf spring

n Types

and Characteri

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(4) 4-link type

Upper control arm

Lateral control rod

Lower control armUpper control arm

Stabilizer

n Types

and Characteri

stics

(1) Macpherson strut type

(2) Double wishbone type

•Semi-trailing arm type

Suspension arm

n Types

and Characteri

n Types

and Characteri

stics

Upper armCoil spring

Tire-to-groundcamber

Tread

Tread

Lower arm

stics

3.Spring oscillation

Oscillation pattern

Leaf spring Coil spring Torsion bar spring

Fixed end of torsion bar

Torsion applied to end of bar by lever

Rubber spring Air spring

Types of

spring

2.Leaf springs

Center boltEye Clip

Shackle

Span

Nip

Camber

Types of

spring

Progressivespring

Types of

spring

4.Torsion bar springs/

5 Rubber springs

TorsionOpposing torsion Fixed end of torsion bar

Torsion applied to end of bar by lever

Rubber cushionSprings bumper

n

SpringTire

Shock absorberSuspension linkage & axle

without Shock absorber

with Shock absorber

Low (soft)Medium (sports)High (firm)

n2.Types

on and Operation

Piston rodRod guideOil sealRebound stopper

Piston valve

Free pistonProtector

Lower chamberUpper chamber

Nitrogen gas (High pressure)

1.Mono-tube type

on and Operation

<1> During bounding (compression)

<2> During rebounding (expansion)

on and Operation

Ring nut Bumper stopperOil seal

Rod guide

Piston rodCylinder

Rebound stopperPiston valve

GasketAirAbsorber shell

ReservoirPistonBase valve

Piston rod

Gas (Low pressure)Piston valveFluid

Base valve

Low-pressure gas-filled type

2.Twin-tube type

on and Operation

Chamber B

<1> During bounding (compression)

OrificeReservoir chamberPiston & piston valve

Chamber ANon-return valveLeaf valveBase valve

Piston rod

Non-return valve

Leaf valve

Piston rod’s speed of motion high

Piston rod’s speed of motion low

Piston valve Base valve

Leaf valve

Non-return valveLeaf valveOrifice

on and Operation

Chamber B

<2> During bounding (expansion)

OrificeLeaf valve

Non-return valveLeaf valveBase valve

Non-return valve

Leaf valve

Piston rod’s speed of motion high

Piston rod’s speed of motion low

Piston valve Base valve

Piston valve Base valve

Piston rod

Chamber A

Non-return valvePiston & piston valveReservoir chamber Orifice

Servicing Precaution

s 1.Handling of shock absorbers/

2.Handling of gas-filled shock absorbers

Servicing Precaution

s

(1) Ducarbon type

Hole

Vinyl bagDrill (2∼3φmm)10mm

Gas Freepiston Rubber band

(2) Non-disassemblable MacPherson strut type

(3) Disassemblable MacPherson strut type

Drill area

SST

3.Evacuation of gas

Servicing Precaution

Spring offset

Centerline of springPiston rod

Rod guideA

a

b

B

PistonInner shell

Bending force

Spindle

LoadReactive force

by spring off-setting