Program SCRATCH Program SCRATCH

Breitschwerdt, DVM, DACVIM JAVMA, Vol 224, No 8, April 2004 1270-1279 Cats—Because of the high prevalence of infection with B henselae in cats, it has been difficult to associate infecti

Cat Scratch Disease

Bartonella henselae

Common infection strategy of the bartonellae The drawing illustrates the general concept of reservoir host infections with Bartonella Following transmission by an arthropod vector (a), the bartonellae colonize the primary niche, which probably involves entry into migratory cells (b) and transport to the vascular endothelium (c), where the bacteria persist intracellularly From the primary niche, the bacteria are seeded into the bloodstream (d), where they invade erythrocytes and reinfect the primary niche After limited replication inside the red blood cell (e), they persist

in the intraerythrocytic niche (f) competent for transmission by a bloodsucking arthropod (g).

A Harms and C Dehio, Clin Microbiol Rev Jan 2012; 25(1): 42–78

םישורפ תאוצ לש תירוע ךות הרדחה

)

שי )יביסרגורפ וא יטנטל

ב תולחל רתוי לודג ןוכיס BH

םילותחב הלחמה

Sick seropositive cats are more likely to have uveitis stomatitis, kidneys and

urinary tract diseases (seroepidemiologic survey!!)

•

.תיטנטססרפו תירוזחמ איה םילותחב הלחמה

• םינש וא םישדוח ךשמנ

•25.1% (84/334) of general cat population positive

by molecular screening (Harrus 2014)

םדאב תוטבתה

© 2003 , Neal R Chamberlain, Ph.D., All rights reserved

in compromised hosts

immuno-הזנגותפ

Cat scratch disease and other zoonotic Bartonella infections

Bruno B Chomel, DVM, PhD; Henri Jean Boulouis, DVM, MS; Edward B

Breitschwerdt, DVM, DACVIM JAVMA, Vol 224, No 8, April 2004 1270-1279

Cats—Because of the high prevalence of infection with B henselae in cats, it has been difficult to associate infection with specific clinical signs However, cats

that were experimentally infected with B henselae (mainly type-II feline isolates) developed various clinical signs Fever was one of the most commonly observed clinical signs that usually developed within a few days of infection and persisted for 2 days to a few weeks Local inflammation (erythema and swelling) at the site of inoculation and lymphadenopathy were also observed Lethargy and

anorexia have also been reported in experimentally infected cats As reported for certain humans infected with B henselae, some cats also developed CNS disorders Additionally, reproductive disorders (eg, inability to become pregnant, pregnancy achieved only after repeated breedings, and stillbirths) have been observed in experimentally infected queens

Variations in the pathogenicity of different strains of B henselae have been

suggested for differences in clinical signs observed in experimental conditions

On the basis of serologic findings, naturally infected cats were more likely to

have lymphadenitis and gingivitis (especially those also infected with FIV) than were Bartonella seronegative cats A similar association between the presence

of antibodies against B henselae and stomatitis or urologic diseases in cats has also been demonstrated Bartonella henselae has also been implicated as a

potential cause of anterior uveitis in cats Bartonella henselae-associated

endocarditis was recently confirmed via PCR assay in a cat from California

Optic Neuritis Due to Bartonella henselae Infection, Arnd M Herz, M.D.,

and J Michael Lahey, M.D., N Engl J Med 2004; 350: January 8, 2004

המדמדא הלופפ :םדא ינבב ינילק יוטיב הציקע ,הטירש( קדייחה תרדחה םוקמב

)?שורפ לש

:הזנגותפ

© Copyright 2003, eMedicine.com, Inc

Both B quintana and B henselae are further able to elicit bacillary

angiomatosis, i.e., the outgrowth of multiple vasoproliferative tumors, as a common complication of infection, primarily but not exclusively in

immunocompromised individuals such as AIDS patients

A Harms and C Dehio, Clin Microbiol Rev Jan 2012; 25(1): 42–78

ב הקבדה לש םידדוב םירקמ וראות

B.hensele

רקיעב םיבלכב

.דבכה לש תוברועמ םע

 6y spayed G.Retriever female no history of prior illness

weakness, abdominal distension specimens from liver contained DNA from B henselae

 4y old spayed Basset Hound female

cs: recurrent fever, anorexia, weight loss.

histology: severe pyogranulomtous inflammation.

PCR from liver :B henselae

תונומסת

characterized by cystic blood filled in the liver.

Clinicopathologic findings in dogs seroreactive to Bartonella henselae antigens.

Goodman RA, Breitschwerdt EB

Am J Vet Res 2005 Dec;66(12):2060-4 Department of Clinical Sciences, College

of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA

OBJECTIVE: To assess the potential clinical relevance of seroreactivity to

Bartonella henselae antigens in dogs ANIMALS: 40 dogs seroreactive to B henselae and 45 dogs that did not seroreact to B henselae PROCEDURE: A case-control study was conducted Clinical and clinicopathologic findings were extracted from medical records of each dog

RESULTS: Statistical differences were not detected between dogs seroreactive

or nonseroreactive to B henselae when analyzed on the basis of disease

category or results of hematologic, biochemical, urine, or cytologic analysis

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE:

Significant associations were not detected between seroreactivity to B

henselae and various diseases

Bartonella spp in dogs

Bartonella vinsonii subsp berkhoffii,

Bartonella henselae, and other Bartonella species

•Bartonella infection is more likely to cause clinical symptoms in dogs compared to cats

•Low seroprevalence in worldwide dog populations suggests that dogs are probably not a natural reservoir for B vinsonii

berkhoffii.

•It is not yet known if dogs can transmit infection to humans

•In addition to dogs and cats, numerous domestic and wild

animals, including bovine, canine, human, and rodent species can serve as reservoir hosts for various Bartonella species

2013,Centers for Disease Control, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases

Bartonella vinsonii

B.vinsonii is an emerging bacterial pathogen of dogs

• associated with endocarditis, lymphadenitis,

granulomatous lesions, epistaxis, immune-mediated

thrombocytopenia, neurologic dysfunction, and potentially polyarthritis

The organism appears to be tick-transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus and may be co-transmitted with Ehrlichia canis

or Babesia canis

Concurrent infection with Bartonella may interfere with the

expected therapeutic elimination of E canis with doxycycline

Similarly to Ehrlichia canis, some healthy dogs can be

chronically infected

*****************May be zoonotic*******************

Bartonella koehlerae

• Reported to cause endocarditis in humans and dogs

• Isolated from domestic cats, has been recovered as

well from a stray cat population in Israel.

• B koehlerae was identified in the valvular tissue of an

endocarditis patient by DNA sequencing of the PCR products of two Bartonella genes

Bartonella koehlerae, a new cat-associated agent of culture-negative human endocarditis

.

Avidor B1, Graidy M, Efrat G, Leibowitz C, Shapira G, Schattner A, Zimhony O, Giladi M.

J Clin Microbiol 2004 Aug;42(8):3462-8

Bartonella bovis

The vast majority of Bartonella bovis infections cause no signs of disease

in cattle There are rare reports of bartonella bovis causing endocarditis,

which is inflammation in the tissue that lines the heart, including the heart valves

Cases of endocarditis in cattle are usually only diagnosed at slaughter or during autopsy examination

The interaction between this bacterium and other pathogens such as BVD and bovine herpes virus remains to be investigated It is plausible that

infection with bartonella may have subclinical effects on reproduction and growth

Blood-sucking insects, such as lice, biting flies and ticks, transmit this

bacterium between cattle

The percentage of infected cattle seems to vary between locations For

example, a 2008 study in North Carolina found that 82 percent of beef cattle were positive for B bovis

•

( היגולורס FA

םדא ינבב

םייביסרפוסונומיא

•

:םד תיברת 2-6

ןוסיח וא לופיט

• Doxycycline, amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and rifampin (4-6 weeks) may reduce the level of bacteremia in the infected cat or dog

• The ability of any antibiotic or antibiotic combination

to completely clear B henselae from the blood stream has not been established.

• Given the duration of treatment necessary to clear the bacteremia and the concern for development of

antimicrobial resistance, treatment is recommended

:ןוכיס ימרוג

•

:םידלי 80%

90%

תחתמ םה םירקמהמ

ליגל 21

:העינמ

ןוכיסה תא ענומ וניא