International bussiness 6th griffin pustay chapter 04

Chapter Objectives continued • Discuss how religious and other values affect the domestic environments in which international businesses operate • Describe the major cultural clusters a

influence international business

• Identify the means by which members of

a culture communicate with each other

Chapter Objectives (continued)

• Discuss how religious and other values

affect the domestic environments in which international businesses operate

• Describe the major cultural clusters and their usefulness for international managers

• Explain Hofstede’s primary findings about differences in cultural values

Culture is the collection of values,

beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another A society’s culture

determines the rules that govern how firms operate in the society

Figure 4.1 Elements of Culture

structure

Social Structure

Individuals, families, and groups

Social stratification

Map 4.1 World Languages

Map 4.2 Africa’s Colonial Legacy

Translation Disasters

• KFC’s Finger Lickin’ Good

– Eat your fingers off (China)

• Pillsbury’s Jolly Green Giant

– Intimidating green ogre (Saudi Arabia)

Caterpillar Fundamental English

Caterpillar has

developed its own

simplified language

instruction program

Yes and No Across Cultures

by means other than language

Table 4.1 Forms of Nonverbal

non-Table 4.1 Forms of Nonverbal

• Taste, symbolism of food, oral

Gift Giving and Hospitality

• Imposes constraints on roles of individuals in society

• Affects the types of products

consumers may purchase

• Varies from country to country

Christianity

Hinduism Islam

Map 4.3 Major World Religions

Two million Muslims annually descend on the Grand Mosque in Mecca, Saudi

Arabia as part of

Values and Attitudes

Values are the principles and

standards accepted by the members;

attitudes encompass the actions,

feelings, and thoughts that result from those values

Values and Attitudes (continued)

Education Status

Theories of Culture

• Hall’s Low-Context, High-Context Approach

• Cultural Cluster Approach

• Hofstede’s Five Dimensions

Hall’s Low-Context High-Context Approach

An approach to understanding

communication based on the relative emphasis on verbal and nonverbal cues to transmit meaning

Figure 4.2 High- and Low-Context Cultures

The Cultural Cluster Approach

An approach to understanding communication based on meaningful clusters of countries that share

similar cultural values

Map 4.4 A Synthesis of

Country Clusters

Hofstede’s Five Dimensions

Social Orientation

Power Orientation

Uncertainty Orientation

Goal Orientation

Power Orientation

Power Respect Power Tolerance

Appropriateness of power/authority

Figure 4.4 Social Orientation and Power Orientation Patterns

Uncertainty Orientation

Uncertainty Uncertainty Acceptance Avoidance

Goal Orientation

Aggressive Passive

What motivates people to achieve different goals

Time Orientation

Long-term Short-term outlook outlook

Understanding New Cultures

Self-reference

criterion

Acculturation Cultural literacy

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