44 California Standards Lesson 1 Reading Maps.. 162 California Standards Lesson 1 Continental Drift.. 242 California Standards Lesson 1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries.. 290 Lesson 1
Trang 1Introduction to Investigation
and Experimentation 2 7.a, 7.b, 7.c, 7.d, 7.e, 7.f, 7.g, 7.h
What is science? 2 7.d, 7.e
Tools of the Earth Scientist 7 7.a, 7.b, 7.c, 7.d, 7.e, 7.f, 7.h
Case Study: The Next Big Tsunami 34 7.a, 7.b, 7.d, 7.e, 7.g, 7.h
Unit 1 Earth’s Structure and Plate Tectonics 42
Chapter 1
Mapping Earth’s Surface 44
California Standards
Lesson 1 Reading Maps 48 7.f
Lesson 2 Topographic and Geologic Maps 54 7.b, 7.c, 7.f, 7.h
Standards Assessment 72–73
Chapter 2
Earth’s Structure 74
Lesson 1 Landforms 78 1.e, 1.f, 2.a, 7.c
Lesson 2 Minerals and Rocks 86 2.c, 6.b, 6.c,
7.e
Lesson 3 Earth’s Interior 102 1.b, 4.c, 7.e,
7.f, 7.g Standards Assessment 118–119
Chapter 3
Thermal Energy and Heat 120
Lesson 1 Forms of Energy 124 3.a
Lesson 2 Energy Transfer 131 3.a, 3.b
Lesson 3 Temperature, Thermal Energy,
and Heat 139 3.a, 7.c
Lesson 4 Conduction, Convection, and
Radiation 145 3.c, 3.d, 7.a
Standards Assessment 160–161
A view of Earth from space
Trang 2Chapter 4
Plate Tectonics 162
California Standards
Lesson 1 Continental Drift 166 1.a, 7.e
Lesson 2 Seafloor Spreading 174 1.a, 7.g
Lesson 3 Theory of Plate Tectonics 183 1.b, 1.c, 4.c, 7.a, 7.e Standards Assessment 204–205
Chapter 5
Plate Boundaries and California 206
Lesson 1 Interactions at Plate Boundaries 210 1.c, 1.d, 1.e, 7.g
Lesson 2 California Geology 223 1.e, 1.f, 7.a, 7.b, 7.e Standards Assessment 236–237
Read on Your Own 238
Unit Test 239
Satellite image colored to
show temperatures of land
and water
Trang 3Unit 2 Shaping Earth’s Surface 240
Chapter 6
Earthquakes 242
California Standards
Lesson 1 Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries 246 1.d, 1.e, 1.g
Lesson 2 Earthquakes and Seismic Waves 252 1.g, 7.e
Lesson 3 Measuring Earthquakes 260 1.g, 7.b, 7.g
Lesson 4 Earthquake Hazards and Safety 270 1.g, 2.d, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d
Standards Assessment 288–289
Chapter 7
Volcanoes 290
Lesson 1 Volcanoes and Plate Boundaries 294 1.d, 1.e, 7.b
Lesson 2 Volcanic Eruptions and Features 301 1.d, 1.f, 7.g, 7.h
Lesson 3 Hazards of Volcanic Eruptions 313 2.d, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d
Standards Assessment 328–329
Chapter 8
Weathering and Erosion 330
Lesson 1 Weathering 334 2.a, 7.e
Lesson 2 Erosion and Deposition 342 2.a, 2.b, 2.c, 2.d, 7.g
Lesson 3 Reshaping the California Landscape 355 1.f, 2.a, 2.b, 2.c, 7.d
Standards Assessment 372–373
Read on Your Own 374
Unit Test 375
Lassen Peak is
an active volcano
Trang 4Unit 3 Energy in the Earth System 376
Chapter 9
Earth’s Atmosphere 378
California Standards
Lesson 1 Energy from the Sun 382 4.a, 4.b
Lesson 2 Energy Transfer in the Atmosphere 393 3.c, 3.d, 4.d
Lesson 3 Air Currents 401 3.d, 4.a, 4.b, 4.d, 4.e, 7.c
Standards Assessment 418–419
Chapter 10
Oceans 420
Lesson 1 Earth’s Oceans 424 7.c, 7.f
Lesson 2 Ocean Currents 430 4.a, 4.d
Lesson 3 The Ocean Shore 438 2.c
Lesson 4 Living on the California Coast 446 1.e, 4.d, 7.c, 7.f
Standards Assessment 462–463
Chapter 11
Weather and Climate 464
Lesson 1 Weather 468 4.a, 4.e
Lesson 2 Weather Patterns 475 2.d, 4.e
Lesson 3 Climate 483 4.d, 4.e
Lesson 4 California Climate and Local
Weather Patterns 490 4.d, 4.e, 7.d, 7.h
Standards Assessment 506–507
Read on Your Own 508
Unit Test 509
Wind energy farm Palm Springs, California
Trang 5Unit 4 Ecology and Resources 510
Chapter 12
Ecological Roles 512
California Standards
Lesson 1 Abiotic and Biotic Factors 516 4.a, 5.e, 7.c
Lesson 2 Organisms and Ecosystems 532 5.c, 5.d, 5.e, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d
Standards Assessment 546–547
Chapter 13
Energy and Matter in Ecosystems 548
Lesson 1 Producers and Consumers 552 5.a, 5.c, 7.a, 7.g
Lesson 2 Energy in Ecosystems 560 5.a, 5.b, 5.c, 7.b, 7.d, 7.e
Lesson 3 Matter in Ecosystems 568 5.a, 5.b, 5.c, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d, 7.g
Standards Assessment 582–583
Chapter 14
Resources 584
Lesson 1 Natural Resources 588 6.b, 6.c, 7.c
Lesson 2 Energy Resources 595 6.a, 6.b, 7.b, 7.e
Lesson 3 Using Energy Resources 607 6.a, 6.b, 6.c, 7.a, 7.d, 7.e
Standards Assessment 624–625
Read on Your Own 626
Unit Test 627
At-Home Standards Practice 628
Black-tailed prairie dogs
Trang 6Student Resources 646
Science Safety Skill Handbook 648
Technology Skill Handbook 651
Math Skill Handbook Math Review 655
Science Applications 665
Reference Handbook Using a Calculator 670
Understanding Scientific Terms 671
Topographic Map Symbols 673
Rocks 674
Minerals 675
Weather Map Symbols 677
Periodic Table of the Elements 678
English/Spanish Glossary 680
Index 694
Credits 708
Laguna Beach, California
Trang 7To view BrainPOP Movies go to ca6.msscience.com The features listed here
correlate to their respective chapter’s science content.
Brain POP Movies
Mineral Identification 2-2
Forms of Energy 3-1
Waves 3-2
Glaciers 4-1
Mountain Types 5-1
Weathering 8-1
Water Cycle 9-1
Global Warming 9-2
Ocean Floor 10-1
Ocean Currents 10-2
Clouds 11-1
Humidity 11-2
Air Pollution 12-1
Title Chapter-Lesson
xiii
Trang 8Chapter/
Page
Science &
Career
Science &
Technology
Science &
History
Science &
Society
1
66–67
You can map Earth’s surface.
Finding Your Exact Location
The Importance of Mapping in Early America
GIS as a Tool to Understanding Earth Changes
2
112–113
Studying the Earth’s Magnetic Field
Ways of Measuring the Earth’s Magnetic Field
The History of Geomagnetism
How the Changing Magnetic Field Affects Us
3
154–155
Heating and Cooling Hybrid Cars From the Caloric Theory
to Kinetic Theory
Steam Engines in the Industrial Revolution
4
198–199
Paleontologists Validate Wegener in Dinosaur Cove
Defining Plate Boundaries
Behind a Revolutionary Theory
Hole 504B
5
230–231
Studying Earth’s Plate Boundaries
Finding Faults Earthquake of 1906 Preparing for the Next
Tsunami
6
282–283
Designing Safer Structures
Measuring Major Earthquakes
The Great Earthquake
of 1906
Preparing for the Next Tsunami
7
322–323
Predicing Volcanic Eruptions
From Blast to Blast “The Year Without a
Summer”
Making the Most of Volcanoes
8
366–367
You can build dams! Preventing Beach
Erosion
Fossils at Lyme Regis Acid Rain
9
412–413
Managing Atmospheric Expeditions
Wind Machines Sailing in the Jet
Stream
The Santa Ana Winds
10
456–457
Shipboard Instructor OTEC Marie Tharp Overfishing the Oceans
11
500–501
Mediterranean Climate Super Scooper Chaparral Fire’s Role
12
540–541
You can help save wildlife!
Tracking Animals Prairie Dogs—Friend
or Foe?
Recovering Threatened Species
13
576–577
You could be an oceanographer!
Tracing Mercury California’s First
Oceanographers
The California Sea Otter
14
618–619
You could dig up coal, gold, or gravel!
Burning ice as fuel? Burning Biomass for
Fuel
Using Geothermal Energy
The features listed here correlate to their respective chapter’s science content.
xiv
Trang 9Chapter 3 Create a Thermos 152–153 3.c, 7.a
Chapter 6 Preparing for an Earthquake 280–281 1.g, 2.d, 7.a, 7.d
Chapter 8 Stream Sediment 364–365 7.b
Chapter 9 Experiment: Water and Sand Temperatures 410–411 3.b, 4.b, 7.c
Chapter 10 Mapping the Ocean Floor 454–455 7.f
Chapter 11 How diverse is the natural landscape
of California? 498–499 4.e, 7.d
Chapter 12 Counting Species 538–539 5.c, 5.e, 7.a
Design Your Own Labs
Chapter 1 Mapping a Race Route 64–65 7.b, 7.f
Chapter 2 Earth’s Layers 110–111 1.b, 7.e, 7.f
Chapter 13 Is it primary, secondary, or tertiary? 574–575 5.a, 5.b, 5.c, 7.a, 7.b, 7.d
Chapter 14 Become an Energy Expert .616–617 6.a, 7.a, 7.d
Use the Internet Labs
Chapter 4 Inferring Tectonic Activity 196–197 1.c, 7.a, 7.e
Chapter 5 Earthquake Depths and Plate Boundaries 228–229 1.e, 7.a, 7.b, 7.e
Chapter 7 The Ring of Fire 320–321 1.d, 1.e, 7.a, 7.d
California Standards
Chapter 1 How might you map your neighborhood? 45 7.f
Chapter 2 How can you model landscapes? 75 1.a, 7.e
Chapter 3 How cold is it? 121 3.a
Chapter 4 Can you put it back together? 163 1.a, 7.e
Chapter 5 How do objects deform? 207 1.d, 7.e
Chapter 6 Rocks Stretch 243 1.d, 7.e
Chapter 7 How did these rocks form? 291 1.d, 7.e
Trang 10(continued)
California Standards
Chapter 8 Set in Stone? 331 2.a, 7.a
Chapter 9 Does temperature affect air density? 379 4.d
Chapter 10 Will hot water sink? 421 4.d
Chapter 11 How does water move in the atmosphere? 465 4.a
Chapter 12 How tangled is the life web? 513 5.c, 7.h
Chapter 13 Can you eat energy? 549 5.a, 7.g
Chapter 14 Where did that come from? 585 6.c
California Standards
Chapter 1 Can you map a classroom? 53 7.f
Chapter 2 How can you describe what you cannot see? 103 7.e, 7.g
Chapter 3 How deep is the crater? 127 3.a
Heating by Friction 136 3.b
Is metal a good conductor? 146 3.c
Observing a Convection Current 148 3.c
Chapter 4 Drifting Continents! 172 1.a, 7.e
How can you observe convection in water? 194 4.c, 7.e
Chapter 5 How can you model movement of a fault? 214 1.d, 7.g
Chapter 6 Modeling Earthquakes and Plate Boundaries 250 1.e, 7.e
Modeling P- and S-Waves 256 1.g, 7.e
Chapter 7 How do volcanoes form? 300 1.d, 7.b
How does lava affect habitats? 318 2.d, 7.b
Chapter 8 Will it slump, or will it creep? 362 2.a, 2.d
Chapter 9 Why is the sky blue? 391 4.b
How do clouds form from convection currents? 395 4.d
Chapter 10 Different Densities? 433 4.d
Isn’t all sand the same? 443 2.c
Chapter 11 How do you interpret a satellite image? 477 4.e
How does latitude affect the angle of
sunlight? 485 4.b
How do Santa Ana winds move? 497 4.e
Trang 11California Standards
Chapter 12 How many organisms live here? 534 5.d, 7.b
Chapter 13 Can you classify animals by diet? 557 5.c, 7.a, 7.g
What do they eat if they live in that biome? 564 5.b, 7.b, 7.d
How much energy flows through an
ecosystem? 567 5.a, 7.b, 7.e
Is your soil rich in nitrogen? 569 5.b, 7.a, 7.b, 7.g
Chapter 14 How old is that tree? 590 6.b, 7.c
How can you make the Sun work for you? 606 6.a, 7.b, 7.e
Is it made from plants or plastic? 608 6.b, 7.e
California Standards
Chapter 1 How does a landscape change over time? 62 7.c, 7.f, 7.h
Chapter 2 How do mountains vary in shape? 85 7.c
Mineral Identification by Property 93 7.e
Chapter 3 How are temperature scales related? 144 7.c
Chapter 4 How fast does seafloor spread? 182 1.a, 7.g
Chapter 5 How do landforms define Earth’s plate boundaries? 227 1.e, 7.e
Chapter 6 Can you locate an earthquake’s epicenter? 268 1.g, 7.b, 7.g
Can you locate areas at risk for earthquakes? 279 1.g, 7.b
Chapter 7 Model Structures of Volcanoes 312 1.d, 7.g, 7.h
Chapter 8 Sorting It Out 354 2.c, 7.g
Chapter 9 Is it windy here? 408 7.c
Chapter 10 How do you read a bathymetric map? 428 7.c, 7.f
How many whales are in the ocean? 450 4.d, 7.c
Chapter 11 When will dew form? 470 4.e
Chapter 12 Graphing Monthly Abiotic Factors 530 5.e, 7.c
Chapter 14 Do all vehicles require fuels from oil? 614 6.a, 7.d
This lab might be performed at home.
xvii
Trang 12Get Ready to Read
Chapter 1 Preview 46
Chapter 2 Identify the Main Idea 76
Chapter 3 New Vocabulary 122
Chapter 4 Monitor 164
Chapter 5 Visualize 208
Chapter 6 Questioning 244
Chapter 7 Make Predictions 292
Chapter 8 Identify Cause and Effect 332
Chapter 9 Make Connections 380
Chapter 10 Summarize 422
Chapter 11 Compare and Contrast 466
Chapter 12 Make Inferences 514
Chapter 13 Take Notes 550
Chapter 14 Questions and Answers 586
Target Your Reading Chapter 1 47
Chapter 2 77
Chapter 3 123
Chapter 4 165
Chapter 5 209
Chapter 6 245
Chapter 7 293
Chapter 8 333
Chapter 9 381
Chapter 10 423
Chapter 11 467
Chapter 12 515
Chapter 13 551
Chapter 14 587
Applying Math Chapter 1 Using Ratios 63
Chapter 2 Seismic Wave Velocity 109
Chapter 3 Thermal Expansion 138
Chapter 4 Percentage of Minerals in Rocks in the Lithosphere 195
Chapter 5 Speed of Lithospheric Plates 222
Chapter 6 Speeds of Seismic Waves 259
Chapter 7 Finding Range 319
Chapter 8 Erosion Rates 363
Chapter 9 Making a Scale Model of Earth’s Atmosphere 392
Chapter 10 Sediment Deposition Rates 445
Chapter 11 Finding Precipitation Averages 489
Chapter 12 Changing Soil pH 531
Chapter 13 Percent of Nitrogen in Soil 573
Chapter 14 Energy Usage 615
The California Science, Math and Language Arts correlations for these features can be found on the referenced page.