N u nh c l i l i nói trong quá kh v dùng ời nói trong quá khứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh à dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh
Trang 1Reported speech A.Qui tắc chuyển lời nói trực tiếp sang gián tiếp.
1 Đổi ngôi thứ của đại từ nhân xưng, tính từ và đại từ sở hữu cho thích hợp
2 N u nh c l i l i nói trong quá kh v dùng ời nói trong quá khứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh à dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnhng t thì quá kh trong m nhừ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ệnh chính( He said They told )thì ng t trong l i nói gián ti p ph i lùi
đ … They told…… )thì động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp phải lùi … They told…… )thì động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp phải lùi… They told…… )thì động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp phải lùi động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ừ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ời nói trong quá khứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ải lùi
v quá kh m t bứ và dùng động từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ộng từ ở thì quá khứ trong mệnh ước theo quy tắc sau đây.c theo quy t c sau ây.đ
Simple past
Present continuous
Present perfect Simple past
Future.( shall, will)
Conditional(should, would)
Simple past Past continuous Past perfect Future in the past( should, would) Conditional perfect(should have, would have)
Notes: Quy tắc trên không ap dụng trong trường hợp
- Mệnh đề chính mở đầu bằng thì hiện tại, tương lai
- Câu trực tiếp diễn tả sự thực vĩnh cửu, không thay đổi so với khi nói
3.Thay đổi những tính từ,phó từ hay cụm phó tứ( chỉ nơi chốn, thời gian… cho thích hợp theo quy tắc sau đây
thís, these, here, today, tomorrow,
yesterday
Three days ago
Last week, next week
That, those, there, then, that day, the next day, the previous day( the day before)
Three days before
The previous week, the next week(the following week)
Exercise1: Turn these sentences into reported speech.
1 He said :“ My son will be here soon”
2 They said :“ We have never been defected”
3 She told me :” I’m going to the party with my mother”
4 They said :” We have plenty of time to do our work”
5 They declared :” We shall continue to flight till final victory”
6 He told them at once:” The train is gone, you are too late”
7 He said :” This is the book you have been looking for”
8 She said :” You can come with us if you like”
9 The old man said :” I’ll take you to my house right now”
10.She said :” I wrote to my sister only last week”
11.The man told him :” I’m French but i have learnt English at school”
12.The boy said : “ I have to go to the dentist tomorrow”
13.The librarian said :” This book was lent to him week ago and he has only just returned it”
14.The girl said :” I was born in 1954 and I have been living in this small house since then
15.They said :” We have stayed here for a month, we shall go home next week”
Trang 2Exercise 2: Turn these sentences into direct.
1.He said he was very sorry for the mistakes he has made
2.My father told me that I could go to the seaside this summer
3 He said that the train would arrive in five minutes
4 She said that she hoped it wouldn’t rained this morning
5.He admitted that he had not worked so hard as his brother had done
6 She promised her friend that she would write to her every week
7 The boy said that he would be 18 on the 1st of May
8.They said that he had deserved their thanks for all he had done
9 The policemen told him they would never believe what he said
10.The chairman told me he had been reading the document all day
B Câu hỏi gián tiếp
Quy tắc chung:
1 Động từ trong mệnh đè chính để giới thiệu lời nói gián tiếp là ask( enquire, wonder, want to know………….)
2 Từ đẻ nối mệnh đề phụ là if hoặc want to know
Từ để nối mệnh đề phụ là ìf hoặc whether đối với câu hỏi Yes / No và đối với các câu hỏi wh Thì dùng lại các từ hỏi đó
3 Dạng câu hỏi chuyển thành câu trần thuật do đó không dùng các trợ động từ do / did / does trong câu hỏiv gián tiếp
I Yes / No question :
Exercise3: Turn these sentences into reported speech.
1.Is your new baby a girl or a boy, Mrs Brown?
2 Are you working as well as you studying?
3 Do you want to buy any second- hand – book?
4 Will you have time to play the guitar?
5 Did you play for your school team?
6.Are you interested in acting?
7 Do you like the headmaster?
8 Is the food good?
9 Were your own boys happy at school?
10 Do they teach music?
11 Are they happy at school?
12 Are they taught to swim?
13 Is there a post office near here?
14 Does she teach in a secondary school?
15 Have you ever been to Ho Chi Minh city?
II Wh Question:
Exercise4: Turn these sentences into reported speech.
1 What do you want, my boy?
2 Who will come to the movies with me?
3 When will you get back from Hanoi, lan?
4 When did they tell you that?
Trang 35 Which is the road to Thang Long bridge?
6 How do you spell your name?
7 Who showed enjoying yourself?
8 where are you going tonight?
9 Why does he sing so loudly?
10.Which book are you reading?
11.Where has she put her hat?
12.What will be the next topic?
13.where shall I leave my coat?
14.When shall we receive his money?
15.When will he arrive?
16.Who will teach you English next week?
17.What wae she wearing when you saw her last?
18.How often do they meet?
19.Whose car did you borrow last week/
20.Have you done that sort of work before?
C Câu cầu khiến gián tiếp.( Request, commands, advice)
Quy tắc chung:
1 Mệnh đề chính để giới thiệu phải dùng những động từ như order, command, tell, ask,request……… tiếp theo là tân ngữ chỉ người được lệnh hay được yêu cầu
2.Động từ trong nguyên văn ở mức mệnh lệnh phải đổi sang dạng động từ nguyên thể có to đứng trước Nếu mệnh lệnh ở thể phủ định thì phải thêm “not” trước
“to”
Exercise5: Turn these sentences into reported speech
1.Have a cup of tea, please
2 Wrap it in a piece of paper
3.Don’t put your glasses on the bed
4 Write your name clearly on the top
5.Wait here under the tree until the rain stop
6 Go out once!
7 Come and see me whenever you have free time
8.Don’t spend all your money on food and drinks
9 Hurry up if you want to go out with me
10 Be careful, don’t drive too fast
11 Can you meet me tomorrow?
12.Swich off the TV
13 Lend me your pen for a moment
14 Don’t eat too much sugar
15.My teacher said : “ You should spend more time on your English.”
16 My mother said : “ You shouldn’t stay up late at night”
17 People say : “ Students should wear uniform at school”
Trang 418 People say : “ We shouldn’t damage trees, We should plant them everywhere
19 People say : “ Children shouldn’t drink beer or wine”
20.our teacher says : ‘ We should protect our environment from pollution
Exercise6 : Mixed typed
1.He said : “ I’m off the plane Where are you going?
2 The father said to his son :” I have left my watch on the table Please bring
it to me?
3 He said :” Don’t walk on the ice It isn’t safe
4 He said : ‘ Mrs Brown, this is Mrs white, Mrs white, Mrs Brown.”
5.Here are the car keys You’d better wait in the car.”
6.” Please don’t tell anyone.” She said
“I promise, I won’t” he said
7 “ Would you like my pen?” I said, holding it out
“ No, thanks” He said :” I have one of my own”
8 Tom : “ I’ll pay”
Ann :” Oh no, you mustn’t!”
Tom :’” I must on paying”
9 “I won’t answer any questions” Said the arrested man
10 “ He expects a lot of work for very little money” Complained one of the typist
“Yes, he does” agreed the other
11 “I wish it would rain” she said
12 “You pressed the wrong button.” Said the mechanic “ Don’t do it again You may have a nasty accident.”
13 “Your weight’s gone up a lot.” I exclaimed.” I’m afraid it has” she said sadly
14 “ Many happy returns of your birthday!” We said “ Thanks “ said the boy
15 “ A coca cola?” “Thanks “ I said
16 I’ll sell the computer if you keep playing video games” the mother said
“ No, Don’t do that! We won’t play any more” said the children
17 “ I’ll give you 500.000 dong to keep your mouth shut” he said to me
18“ I’ll wait for you :” She said to me
19.I’m sorry I’m late, “ she said :” The bus broke down.”
20“ If the boys do anything clever, you call them your son.” Complained his wife.” But if they do any thing stupid, you call hem mine”
21“ Let’s have a rest ” said Tom ” Yes, let’s “ said Ann
22 “ I’ll drop you from the team if you don’t train harder” said the captain
D Một số trường hợp đặc biệt
Trang 5I Questions:
1) What about / How about + V – ing => To suggest + V – ing
Example : “ What about flying?” she said.
=> She suggested flying
2) Why don’t you + V ?
=> to suggest + V- ing (1)
That S + should + V (2)
=> To advise + O(sb) + to - V
Example :” Why don’t you go out for a change?” She said to her brother.
She suggested going out for a change
She advised her brother to go out for a change
3) Can / could I have + N ? => to ask for something
Example:” Can I have a sandwich?” She said.
=? She asked for a sandwich
4) Could you + v….please? => to ask sb + to – V
Example: “ Could you sign the form, please?” She said toi him.
=> She asked him to sign the form
5) Would you like + N ? => to offer sb sthg
Example: “Would you like a cup of tea?” She said to him.
=> She offered him a cup of tea
6) Would you like + To – V ? =>to invite sb + to – V…
Example: “Would you like to go to the movies with me tonight?” He said to her.
=> He invited her to go to the movies with him that night
7) Would you mind + V – ing ? => If
To ask sb + to – v
Example:” Would you mind opening the door?” He said to her.
=>He asked her to open the door
=>He asked her if he would mind opening the door
8) Shall we + V ? => to suggest + v – ing
Example:” Shall we go out for a change?” He said.
=>He suggested going out for a change
9) Shall I + V…? => to offer + to – V
Example: “Shall I help you?” he said to her.
=> He offered to help her
Exercise 7: Put the following into indirect speech.
Trang 61 “ Shall we have dinner somewhere after the theatre?” said Peter.“ Yes Let’s” said Ann “ What about going to the place Jack is always talking about.”
2 “Jack’ s parents have asked me to supper tomorrow night” said Ann, “ What shall I wear?” “ I should wear something warm, dear” said her mother.” It’s a terribly cold house.”
3 I’m broke “ said Jack “ Shall I lend you some money” said Peter
4 It will take a little time to look up your life” said the clerk.” Is it worth waiting.” said Ann” or shall I go away and come back later?”
5 “ Shall I have to do the whole exam again if I fail in one paper?” said the student.” “ Yes” said the teacher
6 “Where will you be tomorrow?” I said “ In case I have to ring you?” , “ I shall
be in my office till six.” said the old man “ and after that at my flat, I shan’t be going to the club”
7 What shall I do with this cracked cup?” Mary asked “ You’d better throw it away.” Said her mother
8 “ Shall I ever see him again” she wondered
9 “ Would you mind getting out of the car?” said the driver.” I have to change a wheel” “ Shall I help you” I said
10.“I’ve run out of petrol” said the man “ Could you possibly give me a lift to the next village?"
11“ Shall we go for a walk “ said Peter “ I like walking “ said Ann.” But at the moment my only comfortable walking shoes are being mended What about going for a drive instead?”
12“ You ‘ve got a lot of parcels” he said “ Shall I carry some of them for you?” 13“ What shall I do with all this foreign money?” said Peter “ Why don’t you take it in the bank and get it changed?” said Mary
14“ Would you like a cigarette?” said Peter.” No, thanks” said Jack.” I don’t smoke”
15“ Would you like to come with us? ” they said.” There is plenty of room in the car’ “ I’d love to “ said Ann
16“ Would you mind taking off your hat?” I said to the woman in front of me
“ but the theatre is almost empty!” she said” Why don’t you move along a bit? 17“ I often see lights in the empty house across the road” said Albert,” Do you think I should report it?”
18“ If this house was yours what changes would you make?” I said ,” I’d pull it down and build a modern one in the same site” said the window – cleaner,” “
“The site is all right”
19“ Could I have your name and your address, please?” said the travel agent
“Shall I send it round to your hotel, sir?” The shop assistant asked the tourist
“ I’m not staying in the town” said the tourist, “ I’ll take it with me”
20 “Would you like to sleep on the floor of my flat?” he asked us , “ or would you rather go to a hotel?”
II Let.
Trang 71) Let’s + V => to suggest + V- ing
To advise / urge sb to – V
Example: “ Lei’s go out” he said.
=> He suggested going out
2) Let’s not + V=> to be opposed to the idea
to be again + V –ing / the idea 3)Let him / them => didn’t mind
didn’t care
Example:” Everyone will laugh at you” she said.” Let them” => He said he didn’t
care
4) Let him / them + V => to say that S + should + V
to say that S + be to –V
Example:” Tom make a mess” his father said.
“ Let him clean it up” his mother said => His father said that Tom was to clean it up
5) let = allow
Example: “ Let children play in the garden if they like.” She said
=> She told him to let the children play in the garden if they liked
Exercise 8: Put the following into indirect speech
1“ Let go to the cinema” said Tom
2“ Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother” begged the child
3“ Let’s eat out tonight “ said Ann “ Too expensive” objected Tom.” Why don’t
we go back to your house and have some eggs?”
4)” The neighbor will object “ said Ann “ Let them “ Tom said
5) “ Let’s go on a diet” said Ann “ All right” said Mary
6) “ Peter makes this mess” said her sister.” Let him clean it up”
7) “ Let take a tent and a campout” said Bill” Let’s go to a nice hotel and be comfortable” said Mary
8) “ Let’s give a party” said Ann.” Let’s not” said her husband
9) “let stay here till the storm passed” I said
10) “ Let me go “ the boy said to the policeman
11) “ let’s not tell any one” said Tom, “ ‘till we are quite certain that the report is true”
12) “ let’s so that we are united, urged the shop steward,” by voting unanimously
to continue the strike”
13) “ let’s not jump to conclusions Let’s wait till we hear confirmation of this rum our
14) “ The newspapers will say it’s your fault, warned his colleagues “Let’s them say what they like” He said
15) “ Let’s the nations forget their differences and work together for peace said the preacher
III Indirect speech : Sentences with must, needn’t and have to
1, Must ( 1 st person)
- I must => would have to
Trang 8- Reading he letter he said :’ Oh, I must go at once”
He said that he would have to go
- He said :” If she gets worse, i must stay with her”
He said that he would have to stay with her
- Must I => had to
Example:
The son said to his mom:” Must I stay at home?”
The son asked his mom if he had to stay at home
- Mustn’t => mustn’t
Example: The mother said to her daughter:” You mustn’t go out late at night.”
The mother said that her daughter mustn’t go out late at night
2.Must ( 2nd and 3 rd person)
- You/ he must => must
Example: - He said :” Lan must work harder next semester.
=> He said that Lan must work harder next semester
- Must you / he ? => had to
Example: The woman asked the doctor :” Must he stay in bed?
The woman asked the doctor if he had to stay in bed
- You / he mustn’t not => mustn’t not
weren’t to / wasn’t to
Example: The teacher said to her students:” You mustn’t cut flowers in the
school yard.”
The teacher said that her students mustn’t / weren’t to cut flowers in the school yard
2 needn’t
- I needn’t => didn’t have to / wouldn’t have to( but it very often remains
unchanged)
Example: Tom said :” I needn’t get up till nine tomorrow”
Tom said that he needn’t / wouldn’t have to / didn’t have to get up till nine the following day
- You / he needn’t : usually remains unchanged
- need I / you / he => had to
Example: “ Need I eat it all , mom? ” said the child.
The child asked his mom if he had to eat all
3+ Have to => would have to
Example: My mother said to me “ You have to cook dinner yourself tonight”
=> My mother said that I would have to cook dinner myself that night
+ Had to => had had to
Example : He said:” After the lesson I had to rush home”
He said that after the lesson he had had to rush home
Trang 9(Tiếp theo Ex.7)
11“ Shall we go for a walk “ said Peter “ I like walking “ said Ann.” But at the moment my only comfortable walking shoes are being mended What about going for a drive instead?”
12“ You ‘ve got a lot of parcels” he said “ Shall I carry some of them for you?” 13“ What shall I do with all this foreign money?” said Peter “ Why don’t you take it in the bank and get it changed?” said Mary
14“ Would you like a cigarette?” said Peter.” No, thanks” said Jack.” I don’t smoke”
15“ Would you like to come with us? ” they said.” There is plenty of room in the car’ “ I’d love to “ said Ann
Trang 1016“ Would you mind taking off your hat?” I said to the woman in front of me.
“ but the theatre is almost empty!” she said” Why don’t you move along a bit? 17“ I often see lights in the empty house across the road” said Albert,” Do you think I should report it?”
18“ If this house was yours what changes would you make?” I said ,” I’d pull it down and build a modern one in the same site” said the window – cleaner,” “
“The site is all right”
19“ Could I have your name and your address, please?” said the travel agent
“Shall I send it round to your hotel, sir?” The shop assistant asked the tourist
“ I’m not staying in the town” said the tourist, “ I’ll take it with me”
20 “Would you like to sleep on the floor of my flat?” he asked us , “ or would you rather go to a hotel?”
Exercise 8: Put the following into indirect speech
1) “ Let go to the cinema” said Tom
2) “ Let me stay up a little longer tonight, mother” begged the child
3) “ Let’s eat out tonight “ said Ann “ Too expensive” objected Tom.” Why don’t we go back to your house and have some eggs?”
4)” The neighbor will object “ said Ann “ Let them “ Tom said
5) “ Let’s go on a diet” said Ann “ All right” said Mary
6) “ Peter makes this mess” said her sister.” Let him clean it up”
7) “ Let take a tent and a campout” said Bill” Let’s go to a nice hotel and be comfortable” said Mary
8) “ Let’s give a party” said Ann.” Let’s not” said her husband
9) “let stay here till the storm passed” I said
10) “ Let me go “ the boy said to the policeman
11) “ let’s not tell any one” said Tom, “ ‘till we are quite certain that the report is true”
12) “ let’s so that we are united, urged the shop steward,” by voting unanimously
to continue the strike”
13) “ let’s not jump to conclusions Let’s wait till we hear confirmation of this rum our
14) “ The newspapers will say it’s your fault, warned his colleagues “Let’s them say what they like” He said
15) “ Let’s the nations forget their differences and work together for peace said the preacher
Exercise 9: Put the following into indirect speech
1 He said :” If what you say is true, I must go to the police”
2 He said :” I must be at school at 5.30 am tomorrow.”
3 “Must you make such a noise?” he asked
4 “You mustn’t come in without knocking.” He told us
5 “ Your ticket will cost 15.000dong” he said
“ In that case” I said “ I mustn’t go to the bank tomorrow”