Population 2 energy balance

Kinetics, fluctuation in population quantity and regulation mechanisms of population quantity... POPULATION GROWTH  is the change in a population over time... predators, Impacted by ab

LOGO

“ Add your company slogan ”

Chapter 3 Populations

Chapter 3 Populations

1 Organic productivity and energy balance in a population

 Rhythm and efficiency of production process

 Energy balance in population

2 Kinetics, fluctuation in population quantity and regulation

mechanisms of population quantity

ORGANIC PRODUCTIVITY

 Rhythm and efficiency of production process

Speed (tốc độ)

Intensity (Cường độ)

 Shows all important characteristics of population and depends on inner as well as outer factors

 Through food chains, energy enters population organisms which is used for many purposes and then scattered on environment under many forms, specially the form of loss of temperature

ENERGY BALANCE

 Energy accumulation and release concern with two processes in living organisms:

 Therefore, the small body size – the high metabolism intensity

Assimilation Catabolism

organisms

KINETICS, POPULATION DYNAMICS

BIRTH RATE

is the ratio live births to total population in a specified

community or area over a specified period of time

BIRTH RATE DEPENDS ON:

 Birthrate of each individual

 Child-bearing age for the first time and reproductive times

in life

 Generations participating in reproductive flock

 Populations will have different birthrate in the different conditions, but birthrate is always species-specific

TYPE OF REPRODUCTION

Sinh sản lưỡng tính không đồng bộ

Lưỡng tính tiềm tàng

4 Ephyra (đĩa sứa); 5 Sứa cái trưởng thành; 6 Sứa đực trưởng thành; 7 Tuyến sinh dục; 8 Noãn; 9 Tinh trùng;

10 Trứng được thụ tinh; 11 Chồi; 12 Tua miệng

REPRODUCTIVE RHYTHM

CYCLES OF NATURE

DAY-NIGHTS

CYCLE

MOON CYCLE AND TIDAL CYCLE

SEASON CYCLE

www.aqua-birdvn.com

drake.marin.k12.ca.us

MOON CYCLE AND TIDAL CYCLE

www.phuot.com

Rươi - ở ven biển Bắc Bộ

sinh sản vào tuần trăng khuyết

www.cabrilloaq.org week.divebums.com

Cá - Leuresthes tenuis ở California: cá bố

mẹ chọn ngày thủy triều cao nhất trong tháng lên tận bãi cát đỉnh triều và con đực

đào hố, con cái đẻ trứng vào hố

Thỏ rừng lớn Malaixia thụ thai trùng vào ngày trăng tròn

www.truongton.net

CAUSES OF MORTALITY

 Nature mortality (M): caused by nature

 Exploited mortality (F): mortality caused by exploitation

General mortality (Z) = M + F

SURVIVAL RATE

is the survival ratio (S) to total population in a specified

community or area over a specified period of time

S = 1 – Z

www.khoahoc.com.vn

RELATION BETWEEN BIRTH AND DEATH

will have high mortality rate

survival rate relate to species

properties such as reproductive

way, feeding style

www.underwater-photos.com

www.khoahoc.com.vn

TYPES OF SURVIVORSHIP CURVES

POPULATION GROWTH

 is the change in a population over time

 Depends on birthrate and mortality rate of population:

r = b - d

Có 3 trường hợp:

r > 0 : population size increases

r = 0: population size is stable

r < 0: population size decreases

POPULATION GROWTH

 Ideal environmental condition

 b reaches bmax

 d reaches dmin

 r reaches rmax

Nt = No ert

predators, Impacted by abiotic factors

Big body size, high longevity, Late child-bearing for the first time, could stand better with changes of environmental factors,

POPULATION GROWTH

dN/dt = rN (K-N)/K

N t = K / 1+e-rt

 Real environmental conditions

 Carrying capacity K

 If t=to and N=No then:

=ln[(K-No)/No]

Điểm uốn

0

Đường cong tốc độ r

Exponential and

logistic population growth models

SỰ TĂNG TRƯỞNG SỐ LƯỢNG

Chi phí và Lợi nhuận

Cường lực khai thác (f)

Lợi nhuận Điểm hòa vốn (BE)

Chi phí MSY

SỰ TĂNG TRƯỞNG SỐ LƯỢNG

SỰ TĂNG TRƯỞNG SỐ LƯỢNG

MOON AND TIDAL CYCLE

SỰ BIẾN ĐỘNG VÀ DAO ĐỘNG SỐ LƯỢNG

Time

Các kiểu biến động số lượng quần thể

CAUSES OF DYNAMICS

OUTSIDE FACTORS

INSIDE FACTORS

POPULATION DYNAMICS

MECHANISMS OF QUANTITY REGULATIONS

 Quantity regulation in accordance with environmental carrying capacity is a very important function for any population

 The population quantity is controlled by two main factor groups :

ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC FACTORS

DECLINE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Increase in mortality

Decrease in growing rhythm

Gap in body size of individuals

bearing age

MECHANISMS OF QUANTITY REGULATIONS

INCREASE IN ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS

Decrease in mortality

Increase in growing rhythm

bearing age

MECHANISMS OF QUANTITY REGULATIONS