cach viet tat trong TA- Abbreviation

8.Zoo 9.ITCC 10.ASEAN 11.FM 12.Interpol 13.B.C 14.brunch 15.UNESCO United Nations of America North Atlantic Treaty Organization United Nations Organization Voice of America Victory day T

ABBREVIATIONS

Give the full form of these followings:

1.USA

2.NATO

3.UNO

4.VOA

5.V- Day

6.TV

7.Prof.

8.Zoo

9.ITCC

10.ASEAN

11.FM

12.Interpol

13.B.C

14.brunch

15.UNESCO

United Nations of America North Atlantic Treaty Organization United Nations Organization

Voice of America Victory day

Television Professor Zoological garden International Training and Consultancy Center Association of South-East Asia Nations

Frequency modulation International Criminal Police Organization Before Christ

Breakfast and lunch United Nations Educasional, Scientific and Cultural organization

So what is Abbreviation?

How many types of Abbreviation?

How to make Abbreviation?

 An abbreviation is a shortened form of a

word or phrase.( the shortening of a word or phrase to be used to represent the full form.) There are four main types of abbreviations:

clipped forms, acronyms, blended forms and contractions.

Clipped forms of words usually consist of the few letters of the full form.

Eg: cont. = continued, in = inch

limo = limousine, hippo = hippopotamus

bus = omnibus, taxi = taxicab

zoo = zoological garden, deli = delicatessen

ad = advertisement, dorm = dormitory

memo = memorandum

1 Clipped forms

+ Initial clipping: the first part of a word is clipped : Phone = telephone, plane = airplane…

+ Final clipping: the last part of a word is clipped :

Exam = examination, Lab = laboratory, sis = sister, prof = professor, doc = document…

+ Initio- final clipping: both the first and the last parts are clipped

flu = influenza, tec = detective…

+ Medial clipping: the medial part is clipped:

maths = mathematics, specs = spectacles,

V-day = Victory day, H-bomb = Hydro bomb…

2 Acronyms

initial components in a phrase or name.( Acronyms also are the new words built from the initials of several

words )

Scientific and Cultural Organization

☼ There are two special cases of Acronyms:

Monograms and Homonymy

Monograms: are two or more letters combined

in one design They are usually used in

hand-kerchiefs, note-paper and in

wedding invitations.

Homonymy: are based on the use of idetical

sounds of words and letters.

Eg: I.O.U = I owe you, G9 = good night,

B4 = before, OIC = Oh,I see, N = and CU29 = see you to night, 10Q = thank you.

3 Blending

of words merge into one new word.

4 Contractions

Contractions are abbreviated forms in which

letters from the middle of the full form have been omitted.

►A kind of contraction is the type with an

apostrophe marking the omission of letters:

☻The first category of contractions is those

formed by an auxiliary verb or form of be plus the word not , with the o replaced by an

apostrophe, e.g don't (do not), wouldn't

(would not), can't (cannot), didn't (did not),

haven't (have not) Notable exceptions include

won't (will not), shan't (shall not), and, in non-standard English, ain't (is not, are not, am not).

☻The second category is generally in the form of a

pronoun (or occasionally a noun) plus an auxiliary

you've = you have

Some more examples: dep’t = department

add’l = additional, ass’n = association

 Another kind of contraction is the type with a period ending.

Eg: Dr = doctor, St = saint or street,

dept = department, assn = association.

Inc = incorporate, Ltd = limited

Here are the common ways of using

abbreviation:

- Titles (dignity):

+ personal: Mr = Mister, Mrs = Mistress

+ professional: Dr = Doctor, Prof = professor,

Engr = Engineer

+ Military: Col.= Colonel, Capt.= Captain,

Maj.= Major

- Time adverbs: A.D.= anno Domini, B.C.= before Christ

am = ante meridiem (before noon),

pm = post meridiem (afternoon)

- Terms used in formal texts:

Chap = Chapter, e.g.= exempli grantia ( for example), i.e.= id est ( that is), vs = versus, etc = et cetera

- Technology and digital age:

AM= amplitude modulation, FM= frequency modulation bgs= bits per second,

CD-ROM= Compact disk read- only memory,

CPU= Central processing unit,

DOS= Disk operating system, HD= hard disk

- Parts of place names: Ave.= Avenue, St.= street,

Blvd.= boulevard

- Compass points: N= North, S= South,

NE= northeast

- Units of measure: cm.=centimeter, ft.= foot( feet),

- Courses of study ( for particular school’s

prospectus or publication):

Eco.=Economics, Poli Sci.= Political Science, B.A= bachelor of arts, M.A = Master of Arts

USD= United States dollar

VND= Viet Nam dong

PHP= Philipine peso

DOT= Departure of Tourism,

Phinabank= Philipine National Bank

VCB= Viet Nam commercial Bank

- Dates in list, graphs, tables:

Jan/ Ja = January,

Feb/ Fe = February,

Mon= Monday

- In the dictionary, telephone directory, zip code and airport code:

Manila MNL/ Mla

Bangkok BKK

BombayBOM

Ho Chi Minh HCM

 Dr

Doctor -> Contraction Central Intelligence Agency -> Acronym Acquired Immune Deficency Syndrome -> Acronym

Automatic -> final Clipping For you -> Acronym ( Homonymy)