What generalizations can you make about diurnal and nocturnal creatures?. Make a web with Earth’s Orbit in the center.. Around it write words from the book that help you visualize Eart
Trang 1Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
Scott Foresman Reading Street 4.3.3
ISBN 0-328-13448-1 ì<(sk$m)=bdeeij< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Day for Night
by Kirsten Anderson
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features Narrative
nonfi ction
• Generalize
• Cause and Effect
• Visualize
• Captions
• Diagrams
• Labels
• Glossary
Earth Science
Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
Scott Foresman Reading Street 4.3.3
ISBN 0-328-13448-1 ì<(sk$m)=bdeeij< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Day for Night
by Kirsten Anderson
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features Narrative
nonfi ction
• Generalize
• Cause and Effect
• Visualize
• Captions
• Diagrams
• Labels
• Glossary
Earth Science
Trang 2Reader Response
1 What generalizations can you make about
diurnal and nocturnal creatures? Write one generalization for each type.
2 Reread pages 10 and 11 Make a web with Earth’s
Orbit in the center Around it write words from the book that help you visualize Earth on its axis
in orbit
3 What might you be writing about if you used the
words gleamed and shimmering? Use each in a
sentence.
4 How does the diagram on pages 10 and 11 help
you understand Earth’s path around the sun?
Earth’s Orbit
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Day for Night
by Kirsten Anderson
13448_001-016.indd 1 11/16/05 5:16:39 PM
Trang 3Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to
correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman,
a division of Pearson Education.
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Background (Bkgd)
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ISBN: 0-328-13448-1
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3
CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1
Sun, Moon, and Stars 4 CHAPTER 2
Center of the Universe 6 CHAPTER 3
CHAPTER 4
They Live by Night 13
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Trang 4Chapter 1 Sun, Moon, and Stars
Suppose you are on a camping trip You have been
hiking all day and now it is night After a long day’s
journey, you set up camp and sit in front of a campfire
The heat warms your face The brilliant colors of the
flames light up the area in front of you
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Now turn around Your back is to the fire Your face
is cold The world in front of you is dark You were able
to turn your world from day to night You look up at the stars How does the sky turn from day to night?
Thousands of years ago, people also looked up at the sky They watched the movement of the sun They
saw the moon Small planets gleamed in the distance
Shimmering stars faded in the dawn People wondered
how the universe worked
At night the moon seems to shine.
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Trang 5Chapter 2 Center of the Universe
It was A.D 150 Ptolemy was a Greek astronomer,
or someone who studied objects and matter in outer
space He thought Earth was at the center of a giant
circle The sun, moon, stars, and other planets were all
set in the circle They traveled around the circle Most
people agreed with Ptolemy’s ideas about Earth being
the center of the universe
Ptolemy thought that
objects in space moved
at the same speed
and at the same time
around Earth.
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Nicolaus Copernicus was a Polish astronomer in the early 1500s He was asked to help make a new calendar
It needed to match days with the movements of the sun and moon
Copernicus began to think Ptolemy was wrong The movement of the planets didn’t seem right Copernicus imagined another universe
Copernicus did not agree with Ptolemy.
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Trang 6Copernicus pictured the sun at the center of the
universe The planets moved around the sun They
traveled at different speeds This made more sense to
Copernicus
It took a long time for people to accept Copernicus’s
ideas In the 1600s the German astronomer Johannes
Kepler wrote about the planets and their movements
He agreed with Copernicus Galileo, a scientist from
Italy, used a telescope to prove Copernicus was right
The sun is the center of the solar system.
8
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Powerful people became angry They wanted Galileo
to say Copernicus was wrong Galileo believed he was
right and did not want to be a coward He refused and
was banned from publishing his writings
Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo were right By the end of the 1600s, most people believed that Earth moved around the sun
Earth’s place in the universe helps explain a lot about day and night It helps us understand why some days are longer than others
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Trang 7Chapter 3 Light and Dark
Earth follows a path around the sun The path is
called an orbit The orbit is oval-shaped Earth takes
about 365 days, or one year, to move around the sun
Earth spins on its axis at the same time that it travels
around the sun The axis is an imaginary line that runs
through Earth
Sun
Earth
Earth
Axis
Axis Earth’s Orbit
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11
Earth spins on its axis like a top It takes twenty-four hours to make one complete turn During this turn, each part of Earth faces the sun, making the day After turning away from the sun, it is night Day and night make one cycle
The axis tilts on an angle It keeps Earth on a tilt
This means that, during the orbit, the North Pole and the South Pole are each tilted toward the sun for half of the orbit
Earth is always tilted at the same angle on its axis as it travels around the sun.
Earth
Earth
Axis
Axis
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Trang 8At the top of Earth are the North Pole and the Arctic
Circle At the bottom of Earth are the South Pole and
Antarctica The tilt means that for six months, or during
half of Earth’s orbit around the sun, one pole always
has some light At that pole, daylight lasts longer and
longer as Earth travels around the sun This is because
the pole is tilted toward the sun
Finally, there is a point where the sun’s rays directly
hit the pole Then that pole has days of complete
sunlight At the same time, the other pole has days of
complete darkness Earth keeps moving in its orbit Six
months pass Then the other pole faces the sun It too
will have full days of sunlight
The sun never sets on this day in the Arctic Circle.
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13
Chapter 4 They Live By Night
Now suppose you’re back at your campfire At night, the trees, rocks, and grass are the same as they were during the day But at night there are new sounds You
hear a chorus of crickets chirp Bats fly in the dark sky
The animal world has changed
Bats take to the night sky.
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Trang 9Mammals, reptiles, and insects have patterns to their
lives Some live their lives during the day They wake
up as the sun rises They feel hungry when it is light
They are active When it gets dark, they become sleepy
These are diurnal creatures Horses, dogs, lizards, and
butterflies are some diurnal creatures
Nocturnal means “to live by night.” Nocturnal
creatures sleep during the day At night they come
out and look for food Bats, owls, moths, hamsters,
raccoons, and tree frogs are all nocturnal creatures
The raccoon is a nocturnal creature.
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15
Why are some species nocturnal? Long ago small animals and reptiles hid during the day to avoid predators At night there was less competition for them
to find food
Others responded to the climate Desert creatures hid during the hot day They came out for food during cool nights As a result, nocturnal creatures became adapted for night Some have eyes that are made for darkness Others, such as bats and rodents, use their senses of hearing and smell to help them in the dark
You are back at your campfire It’s dark Your place
on Earth has turned away from the sun But Earth keeps spinning on its axis It will take you back to the day This is the cycle of Earth
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Trang 10Glossary
brilliant adj shining
brightly; sparkling.
chorus n anything
spoken or sung at the
same time.
coward n a person
or animal that lacks
courage or is easily
made afraid.
gleamed v flashed or
beamed with light.
shimmering adj
gleaming faintly.
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Reader Response
1 What generalizations can you make about
diurnal and nocturnal creatures? Write one generalization for each type.
2 Reread pages 10 and 11 Make a web with Earth’s
Orbit in the center Around it write words from the book that help you visualize Earth on its axis
in orbit
3 What might you be writing about if you used the
words gleamed and shimmering? Use each in a
sentence.
4 How does the diagram on pages 10 and 11 help
you understand Earth’s path around the sun?
Earth’s Orbit