2 11 all about sound (physical science)

Snapping shrimp make sounds like popping a balloon3. Important Details You can make sound travel through string.. What are the important details you need to know to make this work.. Th

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Scott Foresman Science 2.11

• Labels

• Captions

Sound

ISBN 0-328-13800-2

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Scott Foresman Science 2.11

• Labels

• Captions

Sound

ISBN 0-328-13800-2

ì<(sk$m)=bdiaaf< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

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1 How can an object make sound?

2 What is the difference between

loudness and pitch?

3 Snapping shrimp

make sounds like popping a balloon

Write to explain how this works

4 Important Details You can make

sound travel through string Page 19 tells you how to do this What are the important details you need to know to make this work?

What did you learn?

Vocabulary

loudness

pitch

vibrate

Picture Credits

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material

The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R), Background (Bkgd).

2 Afl o Photo/Alamy Images; 9 (CL) ©Jerry Young/DK Images; 14 Chad Slattery/Getty Images; 16 Doug Perrine/Nature

Picture Library; 22 (TR) Fred Bavendam/Minden Pictures; 23 Alan Curtis/Alamy Images.

Scott Foresman/Dorling Kindersley would also like to thank: 7 (TL), 9 (TR) Stephen Oliver/DK Images;

20 (C) Natural History Museum, London/DK Images.

ISBN: 0-328-13800-2

This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any

prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to

Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

by Kirsten Anderson

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Stop and listen What do you hear?

Maybe you hear voices Maybe you

hear cars Maybe you hear birds singing

You might even hear music playing

What is sound?

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Those are all different sounds Sound is

made when an object vibrates Vibrate

means to move quickly back and forth

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When you sing, parts of your throat vibrate

Put your fi ngers on the front of your throat

and talk Do you feel the buzz under your fi ngers?

Those are your vocal cords vibrating

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A guitar has strings When the strings vibrate, they make sound You can see the guitar strings

in this picture

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Sounds are not all the same They are

different in some ways Loudness is one way

to explain different sounds Sound can be

loud or soft

Loudness

megaphone

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Sound can be loud Look at the pictures

These things make loud sounds You can make a loud sound when you shout

whistle

alarm clock

baby

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Sound can be soft The things in these

pictures make soft sounds You can make

a soft sound when you whisper

paper airplane

8

whispering butterfl y

Pitch

gong

triangle

Pitch is another way to explain sound

Pitch can be high or low Objects that vibrate quickly make a high-pitched sound Objects that vibrate slowly make a low-pitched sound

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You can use bottles fi lled with water to

make high-pitched or low-pitched sounds

Fill some bottles with a lot of water

Fill some bottles with a little water

Blow over the tops of the bottles

This makes the air inside the bottles

vibrate The bottles with a lot of air

will make a low-pitched sound

The bottles with a little air will

make a high-pitched sound

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Blow over the tops of bottles

of water The bottles will

make different sounds.

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Animals make sounds with different pitches

A lion’s roar has a low pitch A cat’s meow

has a high pitch

lion

cat

mouse

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Look at the pictures Which ones show high-pitched sounds? Which ones show low-pitched sounds?

cow

playing the recorder

playing the double bass

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Sound can move through gases, liquids,

and solids

Sound travels through gases Air is

a gas

Sound Travels

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Look at the picture of the roller coaster

The riders are shouting

The other people in the park can hear them

They can hear them because sound travels through air

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Water is a liquid Sound can travel through

liquids Sound travels faster through liquids than

through gases Sound travels faster through

water than through air

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Whales make sounds Their sounds travel through water Other whales can hear these sounds many miles away

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Sound travels through solids Sound

travels faster through solids than through

either gases or liquids

A string is a solid Sound can travel

through string

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Take two cups Tie them together with

a long piece of string Stand in one room with one cup Send a friend to another room with the other cup Pull the string tight Speak into the cup Your friend will quickly hear your voice

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Animal Sounds

cicada

drum

Animals make sounds using parts of

their bodies Cicadas vibrate small parts

of their bellies This works like tiny drums

20

bugle

elephant

Elephants blow air through their trunks

Their trunks vibrate This works like playing

a bugle

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snapping shrimp

popping a balloon

Snapping shrimp make sounds with their

large claws The shrimp open and close their

claws fast They catch air bubbles in their claws

Then the bubbles pop This works like popping

a balloon

22

Sound Is All Around You

Now you know how sound is made Sound can be loud or soft Sound can be high pitched

or low pitched Sound can travel fast or slow

Next time you are outside, listen to the sounds around you The world is full of sound!

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loudness how loud or quiet a sound is

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