2 8 matter (physical science)

Vocabulary gas liquid mass mixture property solid states of matter Picture Credits Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic materia

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Scott Foresman Science 2.8

• Glossary

Matter

ISBN 0-328-13791-X

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Scott Foresman Science 2.8

• Glossary

Matter

ISBN 0-328-13791-X

ì<(sk$m)=bdhjbg< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

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1 What are some properties of matter

that you can observe by seeing?

2 How is a solid different from a gas?

3 Water can

change from a gas into a liquid

Write to explain how this happens

Use the words water vapor, gas, and liquid as you write.

4 Draw Conclusions What could

you do to change milk into a solid?

What did you learn?

Vocabulary

gas

liquid

mass

mixture

property

solid

states of matter

Picture Credits

Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material

The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

ISBN: 0-328-13791-X

This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any

prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means, electronic,

mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to

Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.

3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V010 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05

by Kim Fields

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All things are made of matter

Matter has mass and takes up space

Think about your bedroom Your bed,

clothes, and toys are

made of matter

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Even things you cannot see are made of matter Air is a kind of matter

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All things made of matter have mass

Mass is how much matter is in an object

Matter is made of tiny parts You can see

the tiny parts of matter through a microscope

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Properties

of Matter

Matter has different properties

You can observe a property using

your senses Some properties are color, size, shape, and weight

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One property of matter is weight.

Which of these is light?

Which of these is heavy?

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You can see and touch some

properties of matter

Matter can feel smooth or rough

This seashell feels smooth Sandpaper

feels rough

The seashell has a spiral shape

The sandpaper is shaped like a square

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Another property of matter is size

This beach ball is big The golf ball is small

Color is a property of matter What colors can you see on this beach ball?

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States of Matter

The three states of matter are solid,

liquid, and gas

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A solid has its own shape and size

A solid also has mass and takes up space

A table is a solid Your pencils and erasers are also solids They all have

a size, shape, and weight

Solids

You can measure the size of some solids with a ruler

A notebook is made of solid matter You can fi nd out how long, tall, and wide it is.

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A liquid is a kind of

matter without a shape

A liquid takes the shape

of the container that holds it Liquids have mass and take up space

Milk is a liquid It takes the shape of the carton or jug that holds it Pour milk into

a glass Now it takes the shape of the glass

A liquid can be measured using a measuring cup You can pour milk into a measuring cup

to fi nd its volume The amount of space a liquid takes up is called its volume

A measuring cup measures the amount of space taken up

by a liquid.

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Gases

Gas is also a kind

of matter Gas can

change size and shape

Gas takes the size and

the shape of whatever

holds it Gas also

has mass

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The air you blow into

a balloon is made of gases

You cannot see the gases

They take up space, but they have no shape of their own

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Changing Matter

There are many ways to change matter

Matter can change in size

It can get bigger or smaller

The size of matter can

change Take some bites

out of an apple Now

the apple is a different size!

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You can change dough into many shapes.

Matter can change in shape

It can become round or square

It can become fl at or bumpy

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Mixing and

Separating Matter

A mixture is something made of two or

more things The things you put in a mixture

do not change

These marbles are a mixture of colors

The marbles are also a mixture of sizes

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You can separate a mixture into its parts Each marble can be taken out one at a time

You can separate the yellow marbles from the green marbles

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Water is used to make some mixtures You can separate these mixtures in different ways Put oil and water together The water sinks and the oil fl oats

Mix sugar and water

If you heat this mixture, the water can separate

by evaporating

Sugar mixes with water.

Oil fl oats on water.

Mixing with Water

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Cooling Matter

Fruit juice is liquid matter It can change when you cool it Pour juice into molds Put the molds into the freezer

The juice in each mold will turn into

a frozen treat Then it will be a solid

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Air contains water vapor Water vapor is a gas

Water vapor can change from a gas to a liquid

When water vapor touches something cold,

it changes to liquid drops of water

Rainwater drips from the roof and freezes It changes into solid ice.

Water can also change from

a liquid to a solid This liquid rain changed to solid ice when

it got very cold

Water vapor from a kettle touches cold glass and changes into drops of water.

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Heating Matter

Heating can change a solid into a liquid

Chocolate is a solid When chocolate is

heated, it melts Melted chocolate is a liquid

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Heating can change

a liquid into a gas

When you light a candle, the candle wax gets hot

It melts and turns into liquid wax

The liquid wax gets hotter and turns into

a gas This is why the candle gets smaller!

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Glossary

the shape of its container

an object

properties that can be separated

can observe with your senses

its own size and shape

states of matter the different forms matter can

take: solid, liquid, or gas