3 5 2 exploring a new world

Scott Foresman Social StudiesISBN 0-328-14832-6 Fascinating Facts that people in Europe used for lands such as India, China, and Japan.. Nonfi ction Cause and Effect • Glossary • Caption

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Scott Foresman Social Studies

ISBN 0-328-14832-6

Fascinating Facts

that people in Europe used for lands such as

India, China, and Japan

that paid for his voyages

in honor of Amerigo Vespucci on one of his

maps People in Europe started to use this new

name for the country

Nonfi ction Cause and Effect • Glossary

• Captions

• Illustrations

• Headings

Scott Foresman Social Studies

ISBN 0-328-14832-6

Fascinating Facts

that people in Europe used for lands such as

India, China, and Japan

that paid for his voyages

in honor of Amerigo Vespucci on one of his

maps People in Europe started to use this new

name for the country

Nonfi ction Cause and Effect • Glossary

• Captions

• Illustrations

• Headings

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explorer colonies fleet cargo conquer strait

Write to It!

Suppose you are an explorer keeping a journal about your adventures What have been the best and worst parts of your journey? Why? Write one journal entry sharing your ideas

Write your journal entry on a separate sheet

of paper.

ISBN: 0-328-14832-6

by Copyright, and permission should be obtained from the publisher prior to any prohibited

reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or transmission in any form by any means,

electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or likewise For information regarding

permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue,

Glenview, Illinois 60025

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Photographs

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The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.

Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.

Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©Museo de la Torre del Oro Seville/Dagli Orti/The Art Archive

2 ©Robert Harding World Imagery/Alamy Images

3 ©Museo de la Torre del Oro Seville/Dagli Orti/The Art Archive

4 ©Monastre de la Rabida, Palos/Giraudon, Paris/SuperStock

5 ©Corbis

6 ©DK Images

7 ©Mary Evans Picture Library/Photo Researchers, Inc.

8 ©The San Diego Historical Society Photograph Collection

9 ©Hulton Archive/Getty Images

10 ©Bettmann/Corbis

11 ©The Granger Collection, NY

Explorers went on long and often dangerous

journeys They were searching for many things

In this book you will read about some of their

accomplishments

by Barbara Fifer

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

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Exploring

In the 1300s people in Europe read Marco Polo’s

book about India and China His stories about spices

and treasure made people want to trade goods with

these countries Spices were worth their weight

in gold because they helped keep food fresh and

made it taste better

By the late 1400s people in Europe knew the

world was round They hoped that by sailing

westward, India and China could be reached easily

First, an explorer had to find the way No one

in Europe knew that the Americas were between

Europe and China!

Explorers hoped to find spices.

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Portugal Goes First

Africa was one of the first places European explorers visited Starting in the early 1400s explorers from Portugal sailed down Africa’s west

coast Some explorers started colonies Colonies

sent materials to their “mother countries” and bought products from them Ships from Portugal could stop at its colonies for supplies and repairs

Each explorer used information from the previous journey to travel farther By 1498 Vasco da Gama had sailed all the way around Africa and on to India

Explorers sailed their ships on long ocean voyages

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Columbus Explores

Christopher Columbus believed he could sail

west and get to India and China faster than other

explorers He was Italian but went to Spain’s king

and queen to ask for money They agreed

Columbus sailed three small ships across the

Atlantic Ocean When he reached land on October

12, 1492, he was sure the island was near China but

it was San Salvador in the Bahamas Columbus went

on to Hispañola and Cuba

Columbus made three later trips back to this area

He never found gold or spices

Christopher Columbus sailed three small ships.

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Cabot Goes to Canada

John Cabot thought Columbus had gone too far south to find spices and treasure Cabot got King Henry VII of England to send him across the Atlantic Ocean in 1497

Cabot sailed to Newfoundland, a big island

in eastern Canada Cabot did not find spices or gold, but he did

find trees and rich fishing waters east

of Canada

The next year King Henry sent Cabot exploring

with a fleet of five

ships and soldiers

to explore on land

One ship turned back at Ireland and the other ships were never heard from again

John Cabot explored part of eastern Canada‘s coast.

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Spain Starts Colonies

When Spain claimed a place in the New World,

it tried to start a colony Columbus left men on

the island of Hispaniola on his first trip The men,

however, stole from and fought with the Taino

Indians By the time Columbus came back the next

year, his men had been killed

The Taino Indians lived on islands in the Caribbean Sea when

explorers first arrived By the 1580s nearly all the Taino Indians

had died off.

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Robbers on the Seas

Many of the ships carrying treasure from the New World back to Europe became targets for robbers

There were two types of robbers: privateers and pirates Privateers were hired by a king or queen

to steal the cargo from ships of other countries

Cargo is the group of things a ship is taking from one place to another Pirates were outlaws, or thieves who stole on their own

Sir Francis Drake of England was an explorer and privateer He sailed from 1577–1580.

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Cabrillo Explores

Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo spent his youth helping

the Spanish military explore areas of the New

World He settled in Guatemala and built ships for

transporting goods

In 1542 Cabrillo led an expedition to

present-day California, exploring for Spain He left Mexico

with three ships and sailed for three months before

discovering what is now San Diego Bay He is

remembered for being the first European to explore

California

Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo explored California.

Cartier Explores

France began to explore North America when King Francis I sent Jacques Cartier The year was

1535, forty-three years after Columbus sailed

Cartier made three trips to what is now Canada and sailed up the St Lawrence River He claimed the land for France This helped later French explorers who went west by land Cartier and his men later turned south to explore part of the future United States Cartier later returned home and wrote a book about his travels

Jacques Cartier sailed

to North America.

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Spain in the Southwest

Starting in 1540 Francisco Vásquez de Coronado

took three hundred Spanish men and eight hundred

American Indians with him as he explored what is

now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma, and

Kansas Some of his men saw the Grand Canyon

Spain’s king thought Coronado had failed

because he did not find gold or other treasure Later,

missionaries and soldiers from Spain went to California

in 1769 Father Junípero Serra began building nine

missions near the Pacific Ocean Many of California’s

missions were built during this time period

Francisco Vásquez de Coronado explored the Southwest.

Spain and France on the Mississippi

Hernando de Soto and an army of six hundred men from Spain explored today’s southeastern United States Their goals were to find gold and

conquer the American Indians who lived in the

area In 1541 they became the first Europeans to find the Mississippi River

France’s Louis Jolliet and Jacques Marquette explored the northern half of the river in 1673

Six years later a nobleman with the title of Sieur de LaSalle explored the whole river LaSalle claimed all the land for France

Hernando de Soto explored for Spain.

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Champlain Explores

Samuel de Champlain explored for France

Beginning in 1603 Champlain sailed to what is now

Canada several times during thirty years He found

the Ottawa River and two of the five Great Lakes:

Ontario and Huron He also found Lake Champlain,

which runs along the border between today’s New

York State and Vermont Champlain started a colony

that later became the city of Québec

Samuel de Champlain explored eastern Canada and part of the United States.

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Hudson and His River

Henry Hudson was English but was sailing for Dutch traders in 1609 He tried to go past Norway and then east to China Ice stopped his ship

Later, Hudson decided to cross the Atlantic Ocean

and look for a strait that went through to China

Hudson later sailed up the Hudson River from today’s New York City to Albany The Dutch built a fort and started a colony there

Henry Hudson sailed for the Dutch.

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English, Dutch, and

Swedish Colonies

English traders started their country’s first

permanent colony at Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607

The Dutch began their colony of New Netherland

in today’s New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and

Delaware in 1624

The Dutch bought Manhattan Island from the

American Indians There the Dutch started a town

named New Amsterdam Later, England took it over

and called it New York

Sweden sent colonists to North America

New Sweden began in 1638 Today it is called

Wilmington, Delaware

Jamestown was England’s first permanent colony.

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Why did they explore?

Explorers sailed on very long voyages Some ran out of food, while others got sick Many died from illness or from fighting Explorers went because

it was their job Some wanted fame or knowledge and others wanted riches

Colonists had to clear the land and plant crops

They often went hungry at first, and they did not know when the supply ships would come back

They might never see their families again Most of them stayed, starting new lives in a whole new world

New World colonists had to clear the land and plant crops.

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Glossary

cargo the group of things being taken from

one place to another on a ship

colonies towns or states that belong to

distant countries

conquer to take control, by force, of people

and the land where they live

explorer a person who travels looking for

new lands and discoveries

fleet a large group of ships

strait a narrow body of water connecting

two larger bodies of water

Vocabulary